caecus
caecus, not seeing, blind
Appius Claudius, whose surname was Blind
caecus , a, um: (adj.), blind, freq.; blinded mentally, reckless, 1.349; 11.781; with fury, mad, 2.357; of things which baffle or obstruct the sight or the mind, dark, 3.200; hidden, covered, 1.536; secret, private, 2.453; from behind, 10.733; uncertain or dim, 9.518; uncertain, 6.30; aimless, 4.209; blinding, 12.444; of uncertain origin, 12.617; of sound, indistinct, subdued, 10.98; obscure, 12.591.
caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to σκιά, σκότος; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.
- I Act., not seeing, blind.
- A Lit.: Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112: traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse, id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839: catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis, Quint. 4, 1, 42: caecum corpus, the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1: perdices caecae impetu, Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102: gigni, Vell. 1, 5, 2.—
- 2 Prov.: ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4: apparet id quidem etiam caeco, even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3: caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est, Quint. 12, 7, 9.—
- B Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry): o pectora caeca! Lucr. 2, 14: non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est, Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf. casus, id. Div. 2, 6, 15: caecus atque amens tribunus, id. Sest. 7, 17: caecum me et praecipitem ferri, id. Planc. 3, 6: mater caeca crudelitate et scelere, id. Clu. 70, 199: cupidine, Sall. J. 25, 7: amentiā, Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48: quem mala stultitia Caecum agit, Hor. S. 2, 3, 44: amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia, id. ib. 1, 3, 39: mens, Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad: caecus ad has belli artes, Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.: caecus animi, Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4: fati futuri, ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.—Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —
- 2 Meton. of the passions themselves: caeca honorum cupido, Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620: ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57: exspectatio, id. Agr. 2, 25, 66: amor, Ov. F. 2, 762: amor sui, Hor. C. 1, 18, 14: festinatio, Liv. 22, 39, 22: furor, Hor. Epod. 7, 13: caeca et sopita socordia, Quint. 1, 2, 5: ambitio, Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—
- 3 Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless: in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4: caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem, id. Lig. 1, 3: caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos, Verg. A. 4, 209: caeca regens filo vestigia, id. ib. 6, 30: ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae, Liv. 40, 10, 1: et caeco flentque paventque metu, Ov. F. 2, 822: lymphatis caeco pavore animis, Tac. H. 1, 82: cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit, Phaedr. 2, 8, 3: timor, Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—
- C Transf.
- 1 Of plants, without buds or eyes: rami, Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —
- 2 Of the large intestine: intestinum, the caecum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—
- II Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.
- A Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329; 2, 713: vallum caecum, Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so, fossae, covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1: in vada caeca ferre, Verg. A. 1, 536: fores, private, id. ib. 2, 453: spiramenta, id. G. 1, 89: colubri, Col. 10, 231: ignis, Lucr. 4, 929: venenum, id. 6, 822: tabes, Ov. M. 9, 174: viae, blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78: insidiae armaque, Ov. F. 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3: saxa, Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164: vulnus, a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116; but also, a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf. in the same sense, ictus, Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra): caeca manus, i.e. abscondita, Ov. M. 12, 492: caecum domūs scelus, Verg. A. 1, 356.—
- B Trop.: caecas exponere causas, Lucr. 3, 317: improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat, lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so, venti potestas, id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10: caeca et clandestina natura, Lucr. 1, 779: res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae, Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357: obscurum atque caecum, id. Agr. 2, 14, 36: fata, Hor. C. 2, 13, 16: sors, id. S. 2, 3, 269: tumultus, secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464: amor, id. ib. 3, 210; cf.: stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit, Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed (pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67 (296).—
- 2 By poet. license, transf. to the hearing: murmur, Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. τυφλὸς τὰ ὦτα); so, clamor, Val. Fl. 2, 461: mugitus terrae, Sen. Troad. 171.—
- III Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.
- A Lit.: nox, Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521: caligo, Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253: tenebrae, Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35; 3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox, Sil. 7, 350: latebrae, Lucr. 1, 409: iter, Ov. M. 10, 456: loca, Prop. 1, 19, 8: cavernae, Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372: latus, Verg. A. 2, 19: cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum, Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so, domus, without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224: parietes, Verg. A. 5, 589: pulvis, id. ib. 12, 444: carcer, id. ib. 6, 734: sardonyches, not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86: smaragdi, id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov. M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4; chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—
- B Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66: quod temere fit caeco casu, id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567: eventus, Verg. A. 6, 157: caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt, Col. 1, 5, 6; so, dolores, Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55: crimen, that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity (poet.): verum in caeco esse, Manil. 4, 304.—* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.—Sup. and adv. not in. use.
caecus, a, um (altirisch caech, got. haihs, einäugig), Adi. m. Compar. (Hor. sat. 1, 2, 91), kein Licht habend, lichtlos, I) aktiv: A) eig., nicht sehend, blind, a) v. leb. Wesen: catuli aeque caeci, priusquam dispexerunt, ac si ita futuri semper essent, Cic.: nemo, ne ille quidem qui caecus factus est, Cic.: Hypsaea caecior illa... spectes, Hor. – subst., caecus, ī, m; der Blinde, facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis, Quint.; u. in dem sprichw. apparet id etiam caeco, Liv. 32, 34, 3: caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est, Quint. 12, 7, 9: atqui haec (forma felicitatis) vel caeco perspicua est, Boëth. cons. phil. 3. pros. 9. p. 56, 20 Obb.: si caecus iter monstrare velit, Hor. ep. 1, 17, 4. – b) v. Lebl.: rami, ohne Augen (Knospen), Plin. 16, 125. – intestinum, der Blinddarm, Cels. 4, 1. § 28; vgl. 4, 14. § 1. – B) übtr., geistig u. moralisch blind, wie mit Blindheit geschlagen, verblendet, umnachtet, a) v. Pers.u. deren Geist od. Gemüt, o miseras hominum mentes! o pectora caeca! Lucr.: non solum ipsa fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est, Cic.: ipsos caecos reddit cupiditas atque avaritia, Cic.: ille caecus atque amens tribunus, Cic. – animus cupidine caecus, Sall.: cupidine caecus oppidi potiundi, Sall.: caecus furore, Liv., amenti furore, Catull.: caecus avaritiā, Liv., cupiditate et avaritiā, Cic. – caecus animo, Cic. de fin. 4, 64, od. animi, Quint. 1, 10, 29. Gell. 12, 13, 4. – m. ad u. Akk., caecus ad mandata, Plaut. merc. 630: caecus ad has belli artes, Liv. 21, 54, 4: u. m. Genet., für etw. blind = einer Sache unkundig, caeca futuri mens hominum fati, Lucan. 2, 14: caeca futuri (Ceres), Claud. rapt. Pros. 1, 138: caecus praesentium, Ambros. de off. 1, 49, 244 (vgl. no. b). – b) meton., v. Affekten (die kein Besinnen erlauben u. nur aufs Geratewohl handeln lassen), caeca ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas, Cic.: ambitio (Ehrgeiz), Sen.: amor, Hor.: impetus, Cic.: timor, panischer Schrecken, Cic. u.a. (s. Burm. Phaedr. 2, 8, 3): ebenso pavor, Tac.: metus, Ov. – m. Genet., pro caeca futuri gaudia! Claud. in Eutr. 2, 545 (vgl. no. a). – II) passiv, A) eig.: a) von Örtl., phys. Zuständen, die kein Licht haben, dunkel, finster, undurchsichtig, cubiculum, Varr. LL.: domus, Cic.: loca, Prop.: cavernae, Ov.: acervus (vom Chaos), Ov.: gemmae, Plin. – nox, Cic.: tenebrae, Verg. – Sprichw., alqd emere caecā die, an einem Tage, wo man den zu zahlenden Preis nicht sieht, d.i. auf Kredit kaufen (Ggstz. oculatā die vendere alqd, bar), Plaut. Pseud. 301. – b) v. Ggstdn., Erscheinungen, die kein Licht haben, um das Sehen zu gestatten od. um gesehen werden zu können, dunkel, unsichtbar, nicht wahrnehmbar, res caecae et ab aspectus iudicio remotae, Cic. – dah. verdeckt, versteckt, fossa, Col.: libramentum abditum ac caecum, Plin. ep.: spiramenta, Verg.: fores, Verg.: arma u. dgl., Ov. u. Stat. (s. Heinsius Ov. fast. 2, 214): corpus, die Rückseite des Körpers (vgl. τὰ τυφλὰ τοῦ σώματος), Sall.: vulnus, verborgene, geheime, Lucr., od. auf dem Rücken, Verg.: u. so auch ictus, Rückenstreich, -hieb, Liv.: morbus, Col.: freta, mit verborgenen Klippen und Sandbänken, Verg. – pericula, Cic.: u. pericula viae, Prop. – poet., dumpf (für das Gehör), murmur, Verg.: clamor, Val. Flacc. – B) übtr.: a) von dem, was im Dunklen u. Verborgenen liegt, dunkel, im Dunklen liegend, verborgen, unergründlich, unerweislich, cur est hoc tam obscurum atque caecum? Cic.: in Achaeis caecum erat crimen (lag die Besch. im Dunkel), nullis eorum litteris inventis, Liv.: causae, Lucr.: fata, sors, Hor.: eventus, Verg.: neutr. subst., verum in caeco esse, Manil. 4, 304. – b) v. dem, wobei man nicht weiß, woran man ist, wovon man keinen Grund absieht, blind, unsicher, ungewiß, zwecklos, ziellos, obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendēre, Cic.: ne sint caecae obsecrationes tuae (blindlings den Schuldigen u. Unschuldigen) treffen, Liv.: caeci ictus, ohne sicheres Ziel, Liv.: casus (Zufall), Cic.: Mars (Kampf), Verg.: suspicio c., Caecin. in Cic. ep.: caeci in nubibus ignes, ziellose, blindlings (ohne den rechten Mann zu treffen) einherfahrende, Verg.: caeco volvente fluctu, Liv. fr.
dedidit obtutum caecorum lumina tangens
tenet quidam ~us j bovatam in elemosina de rege
~us dicitur non tantum qui perdidit visum sed qui, cum debet habere, non habet
in elemosinaria constituta Gilleberto ~o
cuidam puero duci hominis ~i
desinant obtrectantes sicut ~i de colore judicare
una cum xx s. inter claudos ‥ et secos ‥ distribuendis
nil oculi prosunt quibus est mens caeca videndi
~a malorum mater ambitio
e carcere caeco
si ‥ alius alium verberet ~is ictibus et non cruentis(
usque ad ~um fontem
quartum [intestinum ] ~um, orbum aut monoculum
a gutt , colus, ‥ intestinum, ‥ †cetum
quod Graeci τυφλὸν et μονόφθαλμον, Romani ~um intestinum et unoculum vocant
1 cæcus, (8) a, um (cæcior Hor. S. 1, 2, 91 ), aveugle ¶ 1 qui cæcus est factus Cic. Domo 105, qui est devenu aveugle ; Appius et cæcus et senex Cic. CM 37, Appius, à la fois aveugle et vieux ; nudum et cæcum corpus ad hostes vertere Sall. J. 107, 1, tourner vers lʼennemi la partie du corps qui est nue et aveugle (cf. τὰ τυφλὰ τοῦ σώματος Xénophon Cyropædia 3, 3, 45 = le dos) || m. pris substt, un aveugle : apparet id etiam cæco Liv. 32, 34, 3, la chose est claire même pour un aveugle ; cæcis hoc satis clarum est Quint. 12, 7, 9, ce serait clair pour des aveugles ¶ 2 [fig.] aveugle, aveuglé : non solum ipsa Fortuna cæca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit cæcos, quos complexa est Cic. Læl. 54, non seulement la Fortune elle-même est aveugle, mais elle frappe dʼaveuglement ceux auxquels elle sʼattache ; cæcus cupiditate Cic. Quinct. 83, aveuglé par la passion ; cæcus animo Cic. Fin. 4, 64, lʼesprit aveuglé ; cæca futuri mens hominum fati Luc. 2, 14, lʼesprit humain aveugle en ce qui concerne lʼavenir ; cæcus animi Quint. 1, 10, 29 ( Gell. 12, 13, 4 ), ayant lʼesprit aveuglé || cæca avaritia Cic. Phil. 2, 97, aveugle cupidité ; cæco quodam timore salutis Cic. Lig. 3, par une sorte de crainte aveugle pour leur salut ¶ 3 privé de lumière, obscur, sombre : in cæcis nubibus Cic. Domo 24, dans de sombres nuages ; cæcæ latebræ Lucr. 1, 408, retraites obscures ; cæco pulvere campus miscetur Virg. En. 12, 444, la plaine se couvre dʼune sombre poussière || cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur cæcum Varro L. 9, 58, dʼune chambre sans fenêtre, on dit quʼelle est borgne ¶ 4 quʼon ne voit pas, caché, dissimulé : res cæcæ Cic. de Or. 2, 357, choses obscures ; vallum cæcum cavere Cæs. C. 1, 28, 4, prendre garde aux trous de loup [pieux dissimulés en terre] ; cæcæ fores Virg. En. 2, 453, porte dissimulée (secrète); cæcum dare vulnus Virg. En. 10, 733, porter un coup par derrière || cæca pericula Cic. Rep. 2, 6, dangers imprévus ¶ 5 incertain, douteux : cur hoc tam est obscurum atque cæcum ? Cic. Agr. 2, 36, pourquoi cette expression aussi obscure et imprécise ? cæca exspectatione pendere Cic. Agr. 2, 66, être en suspens dans une attente vague ; cæcos volutat eventus animo secum Virg. En. 6, 157, il médite sur cet événement mystérieux ; in Achæis cæcum erat crimen Liv. 45, 31, 11, à propos des Achéens, lʼaccusation était sans preuve ; cæci ictus Liv. 34, 14, 11, coups portés à lʼaveugle || cæca murmura Virg. En. 10, 98, bruit sourd (indistinct) ; cæca die emere Pl. Ps. 301, acheter à crédit [avec date de paiement incertaine].
- 1. blind, niet-ziend [vultus; fortuna]; ➤ traditum est Homerum caecum fuisse; — subst. ī m (postklass.) blinde;
- 2. (metaf.) blind, verblind [cupidine; timor];
- 3. zonder licht, donker, duister, zonder openingen [nox; carcer; parietes]; ➤ caecā die emere (Plaut.) op de pof kopen;
- 4. warrig, vaag, onduidelijk [murmura];
- 5. onzichtbaar, verborgen [saxa klippen onder het zeeoppervlak; fossae overdekt];
- 6. donker, verborgen, onbegrijpelijk [crimen; fata; cursus Fortunae];
- 7. onzeker, ongewis, doelloos, zinloos [casus; metus; Mars hopeloze strijd].
caecus , a, um. adj. c.
矇。瞽。暗。陰。 Morbus caecus 人不識之病。Ventorum motus caeci 不知之風原。Caeca dies 陰天 Cupiditas caeca 昏迷人之貪心。Caeca die emere, vendere oculata 賒買而現銀賣。 Caecum murmur 不分明之聲。 Caecus futuri 不知未來者。Caecum vallum 埋釘之棚寨。
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矇。瞽。暗。陰。 Morbus caecus 人不識之病。Ventorum motus caeci 不知之風原。Caeca dies 陰天 Cupiditas caeca 昏迷人之貪心。Caeca die emere, vendere oculata 賒買而現銀賣。 Caecum murmur 不分明之聲。 Caecus futuri 不知未來者。Caecum vallum 埋釘之棚寨。
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caecus adj.with (once in H.) comp.
- SCA-, not seeing, blind: qui caecus annos multos fuit: corpus, the blind part, back, S.— Prov.: ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit, H.: apparet id quidem etiam caeco, a blind man can see that, L.— Fig., of persons, mentally or morally blind, blinded: non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos efficit caecos, etc.: mater caeca crudelitate: cupidine, S.: amentiā: quem mala stultitia Caecum agit, H.: mens, Ta.: ad has belli artes, L.: Hypsaeā caecior, H.—Of wolves: quos ventris Exegit caecos rabies, blind to danger, V.—Meton., of passions: avaritia: praedae cupido, O.: amor sui, H.: festinatio, L.: timor, Ph. — Praegn., blind, at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless: caecae suspitionis tormentum: caeca regens filo vestigia, V.: consilium, rash: casus.—Not seen, not discernible, invisible, concealed, hidden, obscure, dark: vallum, Cs.: fores, private, V.: tabes, O.: volnus, in the back, V.: domūs scelus, V.: viae, blind ways, Tb.: res caecae et ab aspectūs iudicio remotae: fata, H.: eventus, V.: tumultus, secret conspiracies, V.: stimuli in pectore, O.: murmur, muffled, V.— Obstructing the sight, dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure: nox, Ct.: caligo, V.: in nubibus ignes, i. e. deepening the gloom, V.: domus, without windows: pulvis, V.: acervus, chaotic, O.: quantum mortalia pectora caecae Noctis habent!i. e. dissimulation, O.: exspectatio, i. e. of an uncertain result: crimen, that cannot be proved, L.
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…invia vivis aspicies. Dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore. Aeneas maesto defixus lumina voltu ingreditur, linquens antrum, caecosque volutat eventus animo secum. Cui fidus Achates it comes, et paribus curis vestigia figit. Multa inter sese…
Vergil, Aeneid
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…montisque supremos silvifragis vexat flabris ita perfurit acri cum fremitu saevitque minaci murmure pontus. sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, quae mare, quae terras, quae denique nubila caeli verrunt ac subito vexantia turbine raptant, nec ratione…
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura
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…caudam stellantibus inplet. Protinus exarsit nec tempora distulit irae horriferamque oculis animoque obiecit Erinyn paelicis Argolicae stimulosque in pectore caecos condidit et profugam per totum terruit orbem. Ultimus inmenso restabas, Nile, labori. Quem simul ac tetigit…
Ovid, Metamorphoses
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…deae parere recusat, detque sibi veniam pavido rogat ore, pavetque laedere iactatis maternas ossibus umbras. Interea repetunt caecis obscura latebris verba datae sortis secum inter seque volutant. Inde Promethides placidis Epimethida dictis mulcet et aut fallax ait…
Ovid, Metamorphoses
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…ruuntque impetibus crebris, interdum vertice torto corripiunt rapidique rotanti turbine portant. quare etiam atque etiam sunt venti corpora caeca, quandoquidem factis et moribus aemula magnis amnibus inveniuntur, aperto corpore qui sunt. Tum porro varios rerum sentimus…
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura
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…leviter nostris puer haesit ocellis, ut meus oblito pulvis amore vacet. illic Phylacides iucundae coniugis heros non potuit caecis immemor esse locis, sed cupidus falsis attingere gaudia palmis Thessalus antiquam venerat umbra domum. illic quidquid ero ,…
Propertius, Elegies
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…labor ille domus et inextricabilis error ; magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem Daedalus ipse dolos tecti ambagesque resolvit, caeca regens filo vestigia. Tu quoque magnam partem opere in tanto, sineret dolor, Icare, haberes. Bis…
Vergil, Aeneid
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…. Nam caelo terras et terris abscidit undas, et liquidum spisso secrevit ab aere caelum. Quae postquam evolvit caecoque exemit acervo, dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit. Ignea convexi vis et sine pondere caeli emicuit summaque locum sibi…
Ovid, Metamorphoses
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…, nec, mare quae impendent, vesco sale saxa peresa quid quoque amittant in tempore cernere possis. corporibus caecis igitur natura gerit res. Nec tamen undique corporea stipata tenentur omnia natura ; namque est in rebus inane .…
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura
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…. Tullio Cn. Cornelio consulibus post ; ve ; ea. cur hoc tam est obscurum atque caecum quid ista omnia de quibus senatus censuit nominatim in lege perscribi nonne potuerunt duae sunt huius obscuritatis causae, Quirites…
Cicero, de Lege Agraria