capitulum

căpĭtŭlum, i, n. dim. [caput].

• Lit., a small head, of man or beast: operto capitulo bibere, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14 (293).— Hence, in the lang. of comedy, for a man, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 89 (495); and as a term of endearment: o capitulum lepidissimum, most charming creature, Ter. Eun. 531: haedi, Cels. 2, 22.—
• • B Of plants: caepae, Col. 11, 3, 15: sarmenti, id. 3, 77, 4: torcularii, Cato R. R. 18, 4 al. (perh. also ramulorum, Plin. 24, 19, 113, § 173; 27, 5, 20, § 37; cf. capitellum).—
• II Transf.
• • A In architecture.
  • • 1 The capital or chapiter of a column, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178 sq.—
    • 2 The capital of a triglyph, Vitr. 4, 3, 8.—
    • 3 The cross-beam of warlike engines, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 17.—
  • B In late Lat., a covering for the head of females, Isid. Orig. 19, 31, 3; cf.Varr. ap. Non. p. 542, 30.—
  • C Also late Lat., a prominent part or division of a writing, a chapter, section, Tert. adv. Jud. 9, 19; Hier. in Ezech. c. 47 fin.—
  • D A section of a law, Cod. Just. 5, 37, 28.—
  • E The raising of recruits (as an office), Cod. Th. 11, 16, 15.

1. capitulum, ī, n. (Demin. v. caput), der kleine Kopf, das Köpfchen, I) eig.: obstipo capitulo, Caecil. com. fr.: operto capitulo, Plaut.: c. agninum, Pelagon. c. haedi, Cels.: cepae, Col.: sarmenti, Col.: torcularii, Cato: m. tamquam od. quasi von den Hämorrhoidalknoten, Cels. 6, 18, 9 u. 7, 30, 3. – meton., scherzh. od. schmeichelnd = Mensch, hoc c., Plaut. asin. 496: o capitulum lepidissimum, Ter. eun. 531. – II) übtr.: A) als t. t. der Baukunst: a) das Kapitäl der Säulen, der Knauf, Vitr. u. Plin. – b) das Kapitäl an den Triglyphen, Vitr. 4, 3, 8. – c) der Hauptbalken an den Kriegsmaschinen, Vitr. – B) ein Kopfschmuck, Isid. 19, 31, 3 (von Non. 542, 30 mit capitium no. I identifiziert). – C) eine Abteilung, ein Abschnitt, ein Kapitel, ein Passus, eine Stelle einer Schrift od. eines Gesetzes (s. Rönsch Itala 328. Paucker Beitr. 3, 604), Eccl. u. ICt.: capitula, quae finalia nominantur, Prisc. praeex. 33. – u. der Hauptinhalt, die Summa, Vulg. Hebr. 8, 1. – D) die Aushebung der Rekruten (als Amt), Cod. Theod. 11, 16, 15. – Nbf. capitulus, ī, m., Ps. Cypr. de pasch. comp. 15. Ariani fragm. 13 in Nov. collect. ed. Mai III. p. 233.

capitulum [CL], ~us 1 head, clove (of garlic; cf. caput 8c). b head-dress or pillow. 9‥ †capiclum, clufu WW.  b 9‥ ~a, ‥ heafodbolster WW; Ælf. Gl. (v. capitularium 1). 2 chapter, heading, section (of book or sim); b (of ordinance or regulation). c article, count (of accusation). d article (of inquiry); e (of agreement). f summary. quod quinto hereticorum ~o manifestius liquet Aldh. Met. 2 p. 71 (cf. ib. 6: enigmatum ~a ‥ quaternis versiculorum lineis degesta); ut, a quo hujus historiae primus incipit ~us, de eo novissimus finiatur Alcuin WillP 31; c803 singulis hujus sermonis seriem distinxi ~is, quatenus facilius ‥ memoriae haec mea dicta inhaerere potuissent Id. Ep. 305; sequuntur ejusdem politice constitutionis ~a in libello qui inscribitur Institutio Trajani J. Sal. Pol. 540A; Diceto Chr. pref. (v. 1 continentia 2d); hoc ~um jam a medicis est receptum Gilb. I 4. 1; tractatus ‥ per xx divisus ~a R. Bury Phil. prol. 12; memorat ‥ Beda in quinto libro ejusdem historie, ~o xxiv Elmh. Cant. 78.  b synodus facta est ad Herutforda ‥ utillima, x ~orum Bede HE V 24; ex multis synodalibus libris undecumque ~a conscripserunt [AS: hie writan hwær anne dom, hwær oþerne] (Quad.) GAS 47; s747 cujus sinodi principium et actio per ~a hic ponetur W. Malm. GP I 4; 1204 ad hanc assisam et hec ~a observanda Pat 42b; 1311 profertur in medium labor annalis et ~a [Ordinacionum] singillatim recitantur V. Ed. II 170.  c multiplices ‥ accusationes ‥ audientes, uniuscujusque ~i examinationem ‥ stabiliter audire ‥ per ordinem promiserunt Eddi 52; quamvis canonibus cautum esset ut accusator primo accusationis ~o decidens ulterius ‥ non assurgeret W. Malm. GP III 106; 1348 objecto sibi judicialiter ‥ quodam ~o in visitacione sua comperto et vulgariter exposito, viz. quod ‥ Reg. Roff. Ep. f. 238; 1445 expositis ~is de quibus ‥ exstiterit defamatus Reg. Brechin I 101.  d 1194 ~a placitorum corone regis R. Howd. III 263 (rub.); 1219 liberate fuerunt iste littere [justitiario] ‥ cum ~is et forma sacramenti Pat 207; 1228 illos ‥ venire faciatis ‥ ad respondendum de ~is contentis in litteris nostris ‥ et ad placitandum ‥ tam de novis quam de veteribus placitis et querelis Cl 111; c1228 juratus et requisitus de singulis ~is, dicit se nichil scire nisi de A. Feod. Durh. 221; 1247 ad ~a regalia respondere debent (Farnham) BBC 178; 1286 presentare ~a ad visum franci plegii pertinencia PQW 86b; justiciarius ‥ billam debet recipere et tradere eam duodenis juratoribus ad ~a corone State Tri. Ed. I 69; 1321 major et aldermanni ‥ calumniaverunt eisdem ~a itineris primitus liberari, super quibus respondere debent de placitis ad coronam doinini regis spectantibus MGL II 298.  e s1172 [rex] fecit ‥ filium suum ‥ hec omnia ~a jurare tenenda ‥ et ‥ precepit ‥ sigillum suum ‥ apponi scripto illi in quo hec ~a continebantur G. Hen. II I 33; 1347 dictas treugas ac ipsarum articulos et ~a ‥ in animas ipsorum regum ‥ juraverunt (Concordia) Avesb. 117; 1439 omnia pacis et confederacionis ~a ‥ nobis exhibita ratificavimus (Lit. Regis) Bekynton 205.  f ‘~um’ est brevis sententia ab eo sic nominatum quod breviter capiat totius rationis summam Lanfr. Comment. Paul. [Heb. viii 1] 393. 3 chapter, reading from Scriptures (eccl.). ~a lectionum in ‥ Novum Testamentum Bede HE V 24; v psalmis jure peractis ‥ ~o etiam a presbytero versuque ‘surrexit Dominus de sepulcro’ ‥ a puero dicto, initietur antiphona RegulC 52 (cf. Comp. Swith. 189: 1006 dicat sacerdos capitolum et puer versum); predictum psalmum cum ~is et collecta dicant Lanfr. Const. 152; legit sacerdos lectionem, quam alio nomine appellamus ‘~um’, quoniam ex capite epistole ‥ sumitur Beleth RDO 30. 41; omnes ‥ dicant vij psalmos penitenciales, ‥ quos sequitur ‘pater noster’ cum his ~is et collecta: ‘et veniat super nos misericordia tua, Domine’, ‥ ‘Dominus vobiscum’. Cust. Westm. 260; 1315 benediccionale cum ~is et collectis de sanctis Invent. Ch. Ch. 75. 4 chapter, assembly of members of a religious community (or the members collectively). b (w. culparum) chapter-meeting for confession and correction. c honorary membership of chapter, confraternity. facto signo a priore, convenientes ad ~um ipso praecedente ‥, ceteris undique fratribus se vultu inclinato humilient RegulC 21; petat celerarius a priore et ~o licentiam Lanfr. Const. 153; commissum crimen monachus confitetur. ‥ post hec in ~um ductus, corporali discipline subditus aliquamdiu mansit quietus Osb. Mir. Dunst. 19 p. 146; a1184 ego ‥ abbas ‥ cum communi consilio et assensu ~i nostri concessi Reg. S. Bees 360; postero die admissionis abbatis, abbas tenebit ~um Chr. Abingd. II 339; s1190 abbas R. ‥ a nullo ~o fuit postulatus sicut canones fieri precipiunt Chr. Evesham 104; dum ‥ a pleno sue ecclesie ~o quod sibi agendum foret abbas ‥ requisisset Chr. Battle 62; sacrista suscepit omne debitum illud reddendum in pleno ~o Brakelond 121 v; 1228 vos, prior, et ~i vestri pars sanior Cl 109; quandoque dicitur ‘~um’ ipsa congregatio religiosa claustralium; et potest convenienter dici ~um quasi ‘capud litium’, quoniam in eo terminantur lites Cust. Westm. 183; 1279 ut, si que soda socie dixerit improperium, ‥ ei pedem in ~o osculetur Peckham Ep. 70 p. 86.  b 1451 ~um culparum ‥ ter in hebdomada ‥ celebretur, in quo quotidiane culpe et negligencie ‥ singillatim recognoscantur et ‥ puniantur (Abbr. Stat.) Mon. Francisc. II 108.  c nisi sint monachi de S. Edmundo vel aliunde nostrum habentes ~um, qui specialitatis et confederacionis gracia chorum cum conventu ingredi debent Cust. Westm. 83 (cf. Cust. Cant. 139). 5 chapter (general or provincial), assembly of heads of a religious order. c1220 ordinibus male susceptis nunquam nisi generalis ~i licentia fruetur Cap. Arr. 279; Cistercienses ‥ ordinem ipsum interius et ordinis honestatem ‥ tam per annua ~a generalia quam per visitatores rigidos ‥ nituntur ‥ conservare Gir. Spec. II 34 p. 114; 1219 ea que provisa fuerunt in ~o generali Doc. Eng. Black Monks 7; 1232 precipimus ‥ ut visitatores ad generate ~um convocent abbates et priores non habentes abbates proprios, tam exemptos quam non exemptos, qui non consueverunt ~um celebrare, presidentes in ipso ~o generali, canonico impedimento ablato (Lit. Papae) M. Par. Maj. III 236 (cf. ib. 234: constitutionibus ‥ aliis in provinciali ~o rite factis in suo robore nihilominus duraturis); 12‥ statuimus ut solum de tribus in tribus annis fiat nostrum ~um generate, ‥ ordinantes nihilominus ut inter unum generate ~um et aliud in singulis provinciis duo ~a provincialia celebrentur Const. Fr. Pen. 122; s1289 celebrata fuerunt Oxonie tria ~a provincialia trium ordinum fratrum mendicantium Wykes 318; 1327 ad ~um vestrum generate apud Cistercium in proximo celebrandum personaliter proponitis vos transferre RScot I 220b; in multis religionibus prelati supremi sunt superiores cunctis fratribus ordinis sui, tamen in quibusdam casibus generalia eorum ~a sunt superiora prelatis Ockham Pol. I 86 (84). 6 chapter, (assembly of) clergy of cathedral or collegiate church: a (secular); b (monastic). a 1148 H. ‥ Rothomagensis archiepiscopus ‥ R. decano Sar’ totique ~o Sar’ ecclesie Ch. Sal. 14; ostendit sacerdoti primitus deinde ~o [Beverlaci] quis esset Mir. J. Bev. A 308; [rex Lodovicus] sicut unus canonicorum censura se ~i moderabatur Map NC V 5 p. 226; 12‥ xxx canonici ecclesie S. Pauli cum capite suo episcopo corpus et ~um constituunt et ecclesie negotia et secreta tractant Hist. S. Paul. 358; 1333 episcopus [Linc’] et ~um de jure ‥ faciunt unum corpus, cujus corporis episcopus est capud et ~um membra; ponere ergo decanum aliud capud est ponere in uno corpore duo capita Stat. Linc. II lxxvii; gracia appropriacionis episcopus vel ~um vel utrumque habet pensionem annuam ‥ symoniace Wycl. Sim. 92; 1445 omnes ecclesie dignitates et canonici prebendas habentes intrabunt domum capitularem ad ~um faciendum, coram quibus ibidem capitulariter congregatis et ~um facientibus dominus episcopus in canonicum ‥ petere habet se admitti Process. Sal. 108.  b s1184 intererat prior ecclesie sedis archipresulatus Cantuarie cum saniore parte ~i sui G. Hen. II I 317; 1419 querelam ‥ domini prioris et ~i ecclesie cathedralis Dunelmensis Pri. Cold. 92. 7 chapter (general), assembly of clergy: a (of a rural deanery or sim); b (of an archdeaconry); c (s. dub.; perh. w. ref. to 6a). d assembly of pilgrims. e assembly of birds (in fable). a a1170 affidavimus ~o quod hec omnia warantizabimus predictis monachis. his testibus, W. de H. decano et ~o de Whitby E. Ch. Yorks III 1851; occurrerunt ei [archidiacono] clerici duo, nunciantes ex parte decani et ~i finium illorum quod eorum ecclesias in propria persona visitare non deberet Gir. RG I 5; a1223 quilibet clericus ab eis presentatus ‥ ~um prebende sequetur, sicut et alie ecclesie ad dictam prebendam pertinentes Reg. Ant. Linc. II 311; 1224 quando decani celebrant ~a Conc. Syn. 127; 1279 precipimus archidiaconis ‥ quatenus constitutionem [Octoboni contra concubinarios] faciant in quatuor anni principalibus ~is ruralibus per se vel eorum officiates vel saltern per decanos rurales seu gerentes vices eorum ‥ coram toto ~o exclusis laicis recitari Ib. 837; 1287 de mense in mensem ~a [ruralia] celebrentur Ib. 1028.  b a1220 archidiaconis injungimus quod in ~is suis expositionem fidei catholice ‥ exponant Conc. Syn. 61; 1222 prohibemus ne archidiaconi die visitationis sue apud ecclesiam quam visitant ~um celebrent, nisi forte in burgo Ib. 114; c1240 conveniant ‥ rectores, vicarii et capellani parochiales archidiaconatus [London’] ad generale ~um quater in anno locis antiquis et temporibus consuetis Ib. 328.  c pax sit in eundo et redeundo ‥ ad dedicationes euntibus et ad svnodos et ad ~a, sive submoniti sint sive per se ibi quid agendum habeant (Leg. Ed.) GAS 629.  d ut singulis hebdomadibus ~a serventur seorsum a laicis, seorsum a clericis Osb. Bawdsey cxliv.  e aves, tenentes suum generale ~um, voluerunt sibi eligere regem J. Sheppey Fab. 18. 8 ecclesiastical court (w. jurisdiction over laymen); b (for abbey servants). c1228 dicit quod vidit ‥ capellanum et parochianos de Kirkebi Siggestone sequi ~um episcopi de Auuertonsire, utpote illius qui habet jus archidiaconale in Auuertonsire, et respondere in omnibus coram decano episcopi sicut ceteri capellani et parochiani ejusdem decanatus Feod. Durh. 251; 1290 tixtor uxoratus convictus fuit super adulterium ad ~um SelPlMan 97 (cf. ib. 98: communiter sequitur diversa ~a); 1301 quia dominum J. ‥ vicarium ad celebrandum ~a de parochianis ‥ et ad corrigendum excessus ‥ parochie ‥ vidimus Reg. Ebor. I 222; 1318 A. defamavit M., ‥ unde eadem M. deteriorata fuit in ~o CBaron 125.  b [supprior] ~um servientium debet tenere ‥ et secundum culpas delinquencium vindictas inferre Cust. Westm. 22. 9 meeting-place of chapter, chapter-house (mon.). ante ostium ~i pertransivit Eadmer V. Anselmi I 16; lapis in ~o sanctimonialium [Shafton’] insculptus W. Malm. GP II 86; dum reditum ageret per claustrum [Theodekesberie], aspicit lumine repletum totum ~um in quo erat abbatis sepulcrum J. Worc. 42; s1170 de corpore suo sepeliendo in exitu ~i domus Grandis Montis G. Hen. II I 7; eo tempore [a1100] dirutum est nionasterii Abendonie claustrum, ~um, dormitorium Chr. Abingd. II 285; ‘~um’ ‥ dicitur quandoque parvus ille locus seu parva domus in qua conveniunt claustrales ut sue saluti consulant Cust. Westm. 183; 1259 dedit ‥ totam tegulam que remansit de pavimento ~i Westmonasterii Cl 377.

1 căpĭtŭlum, (14) ī, n. (caput), ¶ 1 petite tête, tête : operto capitulo bibere Pl. Curc. 293, boire la tête couverte || homme, individu [langue de la comédie] : Pl. As. 496 ; capitulum lepidissimum Ter. Eun. 531, la plus délicieuse des créatures ¶ 2 [métaph^t ] coiffure, capuchon : Isid. Orig. 19, 31, 3 ; [ou] cape : Non. 542, 30 || capitulum cepæ Col. Rust. 11, 3, 15, tête dʼoignon || [en architecture] chapiteau : Vitr. Arch. 3, 3 || poutre transversale de la baliste ou de la catapulte : Vitr. Arch. 10, 10, 1 || partie saillante arrondie : Varro R. 3, 5, 10 || chapitre, division dʼun ouvrage : Tert. Jud. 9 || article, titre dʼune loi : Cod. Just. 5, 37, 28 || recrutement : Cod. Th. 11, 16, 15.

➳ capitulus, m. Ps. Cypr. Carm. 5, 15.

capitulum , i. n.
小頭。柱頭。

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See an image

capitulum ī, n dim.

• caput, a little head, darling, pet: lepidissimum, T.

CAPITULUM

CAPIT´ULUM[COLUMNA]

Capitŭlum

(ἐπίκρανον, κιονόκρανον). The capital of a column, which, in the infancy of building as an art, was nothing more than a simple abacus, or square tablet of wood, placed on the top of a wooden trunk, the original column, to form a broad bed for the architrave to rest upon. From this simple beginning, it became eventually the principal ornament of a column, and a prominent feature by which the different architectural orders are distinguished; being, like them, and strictly speaking, divided into three kinds, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian capitals, which, with the Roman alterations, make five varieties in use among the ancients; for the Tuscan is only a species of Doric; and the Composite is formed by a union of the Ionic and Corinthian, having the foliage of the latter surmounted by the volutes of the former — a bastard capital introduced in the Imperial Age, when the genius for invention was succeeded by a love for novelty and splendour, and first employed in the triumphal arches at Rome, where a specimen is still to be seen on the Arch of Titus. (See Columna.)

(1) Capitulum Dorĭcum. (a) Greek. The Greek Doric capital, which is the simplest of all, being divided into no more than three principal parts: the large square abacus at the top, retaining in this order its primitive character to the last; the echinus, or quarter round, immediately below it; and the anuli, or anulets, just above the neck of the shaft.

(b) Roman. The Doric of the Romans is more complicated and varied in its parts. Instead of the simple abacus, they substituted a moulded cymatium and fillet; in place of the echinus, anovolo, often broken by carving, as in the example; instead of the anulets, either an astragal (astragalus), or a bead and fillet. The example is from a Roman temple near Albano.

(2) Capitulum Ionĭcum. (a) Greek. The Greek Ionic capital consists of two leading features: the abacus, which is smaller and lower than in the Doric, but still square in its plan, though moulded on the exterior faces; and the volutes (voluta), or spiral mouldings on each side of the front, which are frequently connected by a pendent hem or fold, as in the example, and hang down much lower than the sculptural echinus between them.

(b) Roman. The Roman Ionic does not differ very materially, nor in its essential parts, from the Greek specimens, excepting that it is often elaborately covered with carving; the volutes are in general smaller, and the tasteful hem which hangs down between them in the preceding engraving is never introduced; but that is not to be considered as a uniform characteristic of the Greek order; it does not occur in any existing edifices.

The annexed specimen of the Roman Composite is taken from the Arch of Titus.

(3) Capitulum Corinthium. The Corinthian capital is the richest of all the pure orders, and the specimens now remaining of it in Greece and Italy do not materially differ in any characteristic point. It consists of an abacus, not square, like that of the Doric and Ionic capitals, but hollowed on the sides, and having the angles cut off, and a rosette (flos) or other similar ornament in the middle. Under the abacus are small volutes (helices, Vitruv. iv. 1, 12), bending downwards like stalks, two of which meet under each angle of the abacus, and two in the centre of each face of the capital, where they sometimes touch, and sometimes are interwoven with each other. The whole is surrounded by two circular rows of leaves (folia), each leaf of the upper row growing between and behind those of the lower one, in such a manner that a leaf of the upper row falls in the centre of each of the four faces of the capital. In the best examples these leaves are carved to imitate the acanthus or the olive-tree. See architectura.