denique
denique, and thenceforward, and thereafter, at last, at length, finally, lastly, only, not until
what still remains for me?
Pergamum, Smyrna, Trallis, in short, all of Asia
- Orig. denoting succession in time, and thereupon, and then, in the sequel.
- A In gen. (rare—for syn. cf.: tum, demum, tandem, postremo): omnes negabant ... denique hercle jam pudebat, Ter. Hec. 806: risu omnes qui aderant emoriri. Denique Metuebant omnes jam me, id. Eun. 432: ille imperat reliquis civitatibus obsides. Denique ei rei constituit diem, Caes. B. G. 7, 64: ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt post principia denique, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4 (452).—In the interrogatory formula: quid denique agitis? and what did you do then? Plaut. Bac. 2, 3, 60 (294): id. Truc. 2, 4, 47 (398).—More freq.,
- B Pregn., ending a period, at last, at length; lastly, finally: boat caelum fremitu virum ... Denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat manus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80 (232); cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12 (474); Ter. And. 147: nisi quia lubet experiri, quo evasuru 'st denique, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93 (935); cf. Ter. Heaut. 569; id. Phorm. 121: Nil nostri miserere? mori me denique coges, Verg. E. 2, 7: quid jam misero mihi denique restat? id. A. 2, 70; 2, 295 al.—
- b Strengthened by ad extremum, ad postremum, or tandem: boni nescio quomodo tardiores sunt, et principiis rerum neglectis ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur, Cic. Sest. 47: victus denique ad postremum est, Just. 12, 16 fin.; 37, 1 fin.: et tandem denique devorato pudore ad Milonem aio, Ap. M. 2, p. 121.—
- c Sometimes of that which happens after a long delay = tandem: quae (sc. urbana) ego diu ignorans, ex tuis jucundissimis litteris a. d. V. Cal. Jan. denique cognovi, Cic. Att. 5, 20, 8: aliquam mihi partem hodie operae des denique, jam tandem ades ilico, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 40 (1030).—
- d With the particles tum, nunc, or an abl. of time (nearly = demum), just. precisely: tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona, cum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 39 (148): qui convenit polliceri operam suam reip. tum denique, si necessitate cogentur? etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 6; so tum denique, id. Quint. 13, 43; id. Tusc. 3, 31, 75; id. de Sen. 23, 82; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64 et saep.; and separated, id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Caecin. 34 fin.: tantum accessit, ut mihi nunc denique amare videar, antea dilexisse, id. Fam. 9, 14, 5; cf. id. Quint. 13: ne is, de cujus officio nemo umquam dubitavit, sexagesimo denique anno dedecore notetur, id. ib. 31, 99; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 4; id. B. C. 1, 5, 2; Sall. J. 105, 3.—
- β Like demum with pronouns, to give emphasis: si qua metu dempto casta est, ea denique casta est, Ov. Am. 3, 4, 3: is enim denique honos mihi videri solet, qui, etc., Cic. Fam. 10, 10; cf.: eo denique, Cic. Quint. 11, 38.—
- γ With vix (like vix demum): posita vix denique mensa, Ov. H. 16, 215.—
- II Transf., in enumerations.
- A Like dein (deinde) followed by postremo, or ad postremum (rare): denique sequitur ... postremo si est, etc., Varr. L. L. 7, 19, 113: omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint, Cic. Agr. 2, 23 fin.; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; cf. id. Fam. 2, 15, 4: primum illis cum Lucanis bellum fuit .. Denique Alexander rex Epiri .. cum omnibus copiis ab his deletus est .. ad postremum Agathocles, etc., Just. 23, 1, 15. —
- B Pregn., to introduce the last of a series, finally, lastly, in fine (the usual meaning of the word; cf.: postremo, novissime, ad extremum): consilium ceperunt ... ut nomen hujus de parricidio deferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accusatorem veterem compararent ... denique ut, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Ov. Tr. 2, 231: cur etiam secundo proelio aliquos ex suis amitteret? cur vulnerari pateretur optime de se meritos milites? cur denique fortunam periclitaretur? Caes. B. C. 1, 72, 2: aut denique, Cic. Arch. 6, 12: qui denique, id. Rep. 1, 17: tum denique, Verg. G. 2, 369 et saep.: cum de moribus, de virtutibus, denique de republica disputet (Socrates), Cic. Rep. 1, 10: mathematici, poetae, musici, medici denique, etc., id. Fin. 5, 3, 7: denique etiam, id. Fl. 4, 9: primum omnium me ipsum vigilare, etc.: deinde magnos animos esse in bonis viris ..: deos denique immortales. auxilium esse laturos, id. Cat. 2, 9.—
- 2 Freq. in ascending to a climax, or to a higher or more general expression, in a word, in fine, in short, briefly, even, in fact, indeed: quis hunc hominem rite dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui denique cum omni hominum genere nullam esse juris communionem velit? Cic. Rep. 2, 26: nemo bonus, nemo denique civis est, qui, etc., id. Pis. 20, 45; id. Verr. 2, 2, 69; Liv. 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 10 al.: pernegabo atque obdurabo, perjurabo denique, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56 (312); cf. Ter. Ad. 497; id. Hec. 717; Cic. Quint. 16, 51; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23 al.: numquam tam mane egredior, neque tam vesperi domum revortor, quin te in fundo conspicer fodere, aut arare, aut aliquid facere denique, Ter. Heaut. 67: quod malum majus, seu tantum denique? Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2: ne nummi pereant, aut pyga aut denique fama, Hor. S. 1, 2, 133: haec denique ejus fuit postrema oratio, Ter. Phorm. 649; so Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317; id. Verr. 1, 27, 70; Nep. Pelop. 4, 3; Vell. 2, 113; Tac. A. 1, 26; Ov. M. 2, 95 al. —Hence, freq. emphatic with ipse: arma, tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam industria vicerat, Sall. J. 76: hoc denique ipso die, Cic. Mil. 36, 100.—With omnia, prius flamma, prius denique omnia, quam, etc., id. Phil. 13, 21, 49; Quint. 10, 1, 119; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 13; cf.: quidquid denique, Cels. 2, 28, 1.—
- 3 In post-Aug. prose (esp. in the jurists), to denote an inference, in consequence, therefore, accordingly: hujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia est: denique non solita sacra Philippus illa die fecit, etc., Just. 9, 4, 1: pulcherrima Campaniae plaga est: nihil mollius caelo: denique bis floribus vernat, Flor. 1, 16, 3; Dig. 1, 7, 13; 10, 4, 3, § 15 et saep. So in citing a decision for a position assumed: denique Scaevola ait, etc., Dig. 7, 3, 4; 4, 4, 3; 7, 8, 14: exstat quidem exemplum ejus, qui gessit (sc. magistratum) caecus: Appius denique Claudius caecus consiliis publicis intererat, ib. 3, 1, 1, § 5 and 6; 48, 5, 8.—In class. usage denique includes the connective -que; once in Plaut. and often in late Lat. a copul. conj. precedes it: atque hoc denique, Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 18 (242): aurum, argentum, et denique aliae res, Gai. Inst. 2, 13; Dig. 1, 8, 1. See Hand Turs. II. p. 260-278.
2) in der Aufzählung von dem, was nacheinander od. als Folge des Vorhergehenden geschieht, und sonach, und sodann, und dann, Sall. hist. fr. 1, 48 (51), 1. Ter. eun. 432 u. Hec. 806. – auch für deinceps, hintereinander, nach-, in der Reihe, Plaut. Pers. 452.
3) bei Andeutung der Dinge, die man als Ergebnisse der vorangegangenen ansieht, am Ende, nisi quia lubet experiri, quo evasurust d., Plaut. trin. 938; u. so Ter. Andr. 567; eun. 158; heaut. 569. Verg. Aen. 2, 70. – ebenso bei Dingen, die anfangs ein anderes Resultat zu geben schienen, am Ende, am Ende doch, Hor. de art. poët. 267. Cael. in Cic. ep. 8, 6, 2. – dah. auch, wie am Ende, in der Ironie und in Äußerungen des Unwillens, Cic. Phil. 13, 35; Rosc. Am. 81. Liv. 4, 40, 8 sq. – auch bei Andeutung von etwas längst Erwartetem, was nun endlich eintritt, nun endlich einmal, endlich doch, Plaut. mil. 1030. Cic. ad Att. 5, 20, 8.
4) beim Übergange zu einem allgemeinen Begriffe, überhaupt od. ja, qui non civium, non d. hominum numero essent, Liv. 4, 56, 11; u. so Cic. Pis. 45. – ebenso vel denique, oder überhaupt, Hor. ep. 2, 2, 127. – dah. in der Steigerung, ja, ja sogar, und sogar, pernegabo atque obdurabo, periurabo d., Plaut. asin. 322: u. so Cic. Quinct. 51; Verr. 5, 69: d. hercle aufugerim potius, quam redeam, ja wahrhaftig, Ter. Hec. 424. – in Fragen Cic. Quinct. 74; Rosc. Am. 108. – ebenso aut denique, oder sogar, Caes. b. G. 2, 33, 2. – Im Gegensatz das, worauf es ankommt, anfügend, aber was die Hauptsache ist, Cic. Acad. 2, 87.
5) um die Rede nach Erwägung mehrerer einzelner Dinge in einem umfassenden Urteile abzuschließen, wo entweder das hinzugefügt wird, was die ganze Gattung umfaßt, (und) überhaupt, überhaupt aber, Ter. eun. 444. Cic. de or. 2, 317; II. Verr. 1, 70. Nep. Pel. 4, 3. Tac. ann. 1, 61. – od. man angibt, daß eins für alle stehe und mit wenigen Worten zu umfassen sei, kurz, mit einem Worte, griech. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, ὅλως, Nep. regg. 2, 2. Vell. 2, 113. Plin. ep. 2, 9, 3. – dah. zur Schließung einer Auseinandersetzung, die Folge von allem dem, mit einem Worte, kurzum, Hor. de art. poët. 23. Hor. sat. 1, 1, 92 u. 1, 1, 106. – auch d. omnia u. omnia d., überhaupt alles, Cic. Phil. 13, 49. Plin. ep. 7, 9, 13: so auch quidquid d., Cels. 2, 28, 1.
6) nach einem gesetzten Fall die Darlegung durch dargebrachte Beweise u. Beispiele mit einer gewissen Schlußfolge durchzuführen, infolgedessen, Flor. 1, 16, 3. Iustin. 9, 4, 1. – dah. durch Anführung ähnlicher Fälle od. Beispiele od. neuer Beweise od. durch den Ausspruch eines Schriftstellers bestätigend od erläuternd, auf diese Weise, auf die Art, so auch, od. mit einer Schlußfolge: infolgedessen, oft bei ICt.: viell. auch Iustin. 11, 11, 4.
II) (der Bedeutung von demum nahekommend, vgl. d. W. no. I) nun eben, dann eben, erst, 1) zur nachdrücklichen Hervorhebung eines Zeitpunkts, mortuo d., erst nach dessen Tode, Cic. Mil. 34: octavo d. mense, erst, Caes. b. c. 1, 5, 2; so nunc denique, jetzt erst, Cic. ep. 9, 14, 5; jetzt eben, Ov. art. am. 3, 121. – tum d., dann erst, Cic. de legg. 2, 10; Tusc. 3, 75; dann eben, Cic. Tusc. 1, 39; de fin. 3, 76.
2) zur nachdrücklichen Hervorhebung eines Pronomens, eben, gerade, Ov. am. 3, 4, 3. Cic. ep. 10, 10, 4. Quinct. 11, 38.
vipera dira manum ‥ momordit; / sed Paulus gelidum non sensit vulnere virus / laedere ‥; / denique ‥ celydrum / protinus in flammas torrendum tradidit atras
~e solerter peto ut nullus post obitum nostrum hoc donativum in irritum facere praesumat
Osuald ‥ regna terrarum plus quam ulli majorum suorum ‥ consecutus est. ~e omnes nationes ‥ Brittaniae ‥ in dicione accepit
~e, postremo
expugnata ~e Bedefordia
tertia [pars operis hujus ] ‥ de gentis Hibernicae ‥ moribus ejusdemque per advenas expugnationibus, totam ~e gentis hujus ‥ producit historiam
~e, A.at laste or forsothe
~e plerumque, ut experti sumus, castitatis conscientia elationis pulsatur cenodoxia
sub eodem ~e tempore ‥, cum quodam die ‥ psalmis ‥ incumberet, tunc antiquus hostis prolis humanae ‥ novas artes ‥ versat
haec ‥ de se ‥ referre consuerat. ~e tempore quodam secreto, cum diacono suo ‥ conloquens, ‥ dolendo subjunxit ‥
miles ~e, cum quo ‥ sacerdos mansitabat, ad limina ‥ apostolorum pervenire desiderabat
- 1. (aan het eind v.e. opsomming) (uit)eindelijk, ten slotte, ihb.: primum . . . deinde . . . tum . . . denique;
- 2. (samenvattend) kortom, in één woord; ➤ incolae domos, agros, ~ omnia quae possidebant motu terrae perdiderunt;
- 3. (generaliserend) in ’t algemeen, überhaupt; ➤ qui non civium, non ~ hominum numero essent (Liv.); vel ~ of überhaupt;
- 4. (in een climax) (ja) zelfs, daarnaast nog;
- 5. (beperkend) althans; ➤ unam ~ audire vocem;
- 6. (v. tijd) (a) aan het eind, ten slotte; (b) eindelijk, pas; (c) juist, precies, pas; ➤ tum ~.
- and thenceforward, and thereafter, at last, at length, finally, lastly, only, not until: denique Metuebant me, T.: Metui, quid futurum denique esset, T.: post biennium denique appellas: octavo denique mense, Cs.: mortuo denique, not till after his death.—With nunc, now at last, only now, not till now: nunc denique incipiunt credere.—With tum, then at last, only then, not till then: tum denique nomen referemus: tum denique interficiere, cum, etc.—In enumerations, besides, thereafter, finally, lastly, in fine: ut nomen deferrent, ut accusatorem compararent, denique ut pugnarent: proximo, altero, denique reliquis consecutis diebus.—Followed by postremo, C.—In a summary or climax, in a word, in short, in fact, briefly, to sum up, in fine, even, I may say: Ut ad pauca redeam ... Haec denique eius fuit oratio, T.: nobis est domi inopia, mala res ... denique quid reliqui habemus? S.: omnia sua iura, commoda, totam denique libertatem: non curia, non domus, non denique haec sedes honoris: denique haec fuit altera persona, in a word, N.: Denique sit quidvis simplex, H.: vitavi denique culpam, Non laudem merui, merely, H.—Ironical, in fine, forsooth, indeed: ii denique, qui tum concursabant, Roscio obicient, etc.—Restrictive, in fine, at least, certainly: nostros praesidia deducturos aut denique indiligentius servaturos, Cs.: eosdem (liberos) bonā aut denique aliquā re p. perdere: Ne nummi pereant ... aut denique fama, H.
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…inter latera nostra sica illa versabitur, non in campo, non in foro, non in curia, non denique intra domesticos parietes pertimescemus. loco ille motus est, cum est ex urbe depulsus. palam iam cum hoste…
Cicero, in Catilinam
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…cum vitiis omnibus ; postremo copia cum egestate, bona ratio cum perdita, mens sana cum amentia, bona denique spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit. in eius modi certamine ac proelio nonne, si hominum studia deficiant ,…
Cicero, in Catilinam
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…se boni constantia, propterea quod quos aliquam diu inermes sine causa timuissent hos postea armatos ac victores superassent. Denique hos esse eosdem Germanos quibuscum saepe numero Helvetii congressi non solum in suis sed etiam in illorum finibus plerumque superarint…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…iniuriam acciperent. Illi ante inito, ut intellectum est, consilio, quod deditione facta nostros praesidia deducturos aut denique indiligentius servaturos crediderant, partim cum iis quae retinuerant et celaverant armis, partim scutis ex cortice factis aut viminibus…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…cur minore dolore perituros se cum multis quam si soli pereant arbitrentur. Quintum genus est parricidarum, sicariorum, denique omnium facinerosorum. quos ego a Catilina non revoco ; nam neque ab eo divelli possunt et pereant sane in…
Cicero, in Catilinam
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…omnem ad patres conscriptos detuli. quo cum Catilina venisset, quis eum senator appellavit, quis salutavit, quis denique ita aspexit ut perditum civem ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem quin etiam principes eius ordinis partem illam subselliorum ad…
Cicero, in Catilinam
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…dicat. verum ego hoc quod iam pridem factum esse oportuit certa de causa nondum adducor ut faciam. tum denique interficiere, cum iam nemo tam improbus, tam perditus, tam tui similis inveniri poterit qui id non iure…
Cicero, in Catilinam
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…reliquis vivis ingravescet. qua re secedant improbi, secernant se a bonis, unum in locum congregentur, muro denique, quod saepe iam dixi, secernantur a nobis ; desinant insidiari domi suae consuli, circumstare tribunal praetoris urbani…
Cicero, in Catilinam
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…bonis viris, magnam concordiam ; ordinum ;, maximam multitudinem, magnas praeterea militum copias ; deos denique immortalis huic invicto populo, clarissimo imperio, pulcherrimae urbi contra tantam vim sceleris praesentis auxilium esse laturos. quod…
Cicero, in Catilinam
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…, circumstare tribunal praetoris urbani, obsidere cum gladiis curiam, malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare ; sit denique inscriptum in fronte unius cuiusque quid de re publica sentiat. polliceor hoc vobis, patres conscripti, tantam in…
Cicero, in Catilinam