latrocinium

lā̆trōcĭnĭum, ĭi, n. [latrocinor]. *

• Military service for pay: apud regem in latrocinio fuisti, Plaut. ap. Non. 134, 28.—
• II Transf.
• • A Freebooting, robbery, highway-robbery, piracy (class.): cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus, Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1: fines suos ab latrociniis tueri, id. Deiot. 8, 22: pugna latrocinio magis, quam proelio similis, a contest with robbers, Sall. J. 97: latrociniis magis quam justo bello gerebantur res, Liv. 29, 6: latrocinium potius quam bellum, Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26: latrociniis ac praedationibus infestatum mare, piracies, Vell. 2, 73, 3; Just. 43, 3: latrocinia nullam habent infamiam (apud Germanos), Caes. B. G. 6, 23, 6: qui in furto aut in latrocinio aut aliqua noxa comprehensi, in robbery, id. ib. 6, 16 fin.—
  • B In gen., villany, roguery, fraud: furtim et per latrocinia potius, quam bonis artibus, ad imperia et honores nituntur, Sall. J. 4, 7; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 61.—
  • • 2 Abstr. pro concreto, a band of robbers: si ex tanto latrocinio unus tolletur, Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—
  • C Latrocinii imago, the semblance of freebooting, i. e. the game of draughts or chess, which imitates freebooting: sive latrocinii sub imagine calculus ibit, Ov. A. A. 2, 207.

latrōcinium, iī, n. (latrocinor), I) Kriegsdienst, Plaut. fr. bei Non. 134, 28. – II) übtr.: 1) Räuberei, Raubzug, Straßenräuberei, Seeräuberei (auch vom unbefugten Kriegführen, dah. oft Schimpfwort gegen pflichtvergessene Bürger), a) eig.: latr. privatum (auf eigene Hand unternommener), Ggstz. publicum populi Rom. bellum, Liv.: domesticum, Cic.: incursiones hostium et latrocinia, Cic.: latrocinia ac praedationes maris, Iustin.: furta (Überfälle) latrociniaque, Amm.: Alexandri latrocinia, Sen.: latrocinium od. latrocinia facere, Sen. u. Lact.: aperto latrocinio infesta omnia esse, Liv.: duorum equitum latrocinio per dies aliquot vixit, Liv.: res proxime formam latrocinii venerat, artete beinahe in Str. aus, Liv.: pugna latrocinio (Räuberanfall) magis quam proelio similis fieri, Sall. Iug. 97, 5: u. so crebra hinc proelia et saepius in modum latrocinii (wie auf Raubzügen) per saltus per paludes, Tac.: latrocinii modo, Liv.: ex occasione magis latrocinia (Raubzüge) quam bella faciebant, Flor.: cum in eius regnum, bona, fortunas latrocinium huius imperii immisisses, der Beraubung durch unsere Staatsgewalt preisgegeben hattest, Cic.: sublata (beseitigt) Mysiae latrocinia, Cic. – übtr., Ränke, Spitzbüberei, per latrocinia, auf räuberische Art, durch Ränke, Spitzbüberei, Sall.: quid futurum sit latrocinio tribunorum, Cic. – b) meton., die Räuber bande, das Raubgesindel (auch von gegen den Staat handelnden Bürgern), unus ex tanto latrocinio, Cic.: latrocinium, non iudicium, Cic. – 2) v. Brett- od. Kriegsspiele der Alten (lusus latrunculorum), Ov. art. am. 2, 207.

latrocinium [CL], ~ia 1 larceny, robbery, theft; b (w. obj. gen.); c (dist. as ~um commune, magnum, minutum) common, grand, or petty larceny. latro nequaquam pro furto vel ~io furem alium damnat Gildas EB 100; famis periculum ~io ac rapacitate mutua temperabant Bede HE I 12 p. 28; DB I 56va (v. emenda 2c); furta autem et †latronicinia omnia radicitus absistant, vel ea perpetrantes multi modis penis punientir GAS 255; a1153 APScot I 319 (v. furca 4d); 1218 captus fuit pro ~ia et suspensus Eyre Yorks 276; 1220 furatus fuit unam equam ‥ nequiter et in felonia et ~io CurR VIII 271; 1309 de ‥ quasi innumeris latronibus de diversis †latrocibus [MS: ~iis] indictatis PQW 826a; 1313 de quodam latrone suspenso pro ~io Eyre Kent I 146.  b 1225 (v. 4 infra); 1278 Ricardus B. culpabilis fuit de ~io unius vacce JustIt 110 r. 10 (Cornw) .  c 1276 attachiato cum manuopere de magno ~io Hund. I 13b; 1308 dicunt quod G. M. est communis latro de meremmio et de aliis minutis ~iis (JustIt) EHR XL 418; 1398 perdonavimus Thome P. ‥ pro omnimodis feloniis per ipsum ‥ perpetratis, prodicione, murdro, raptu mulieris, et communi ~io exceptis Pat 49 m. 24. 2 right to apprehend a thief or levy fine for theft. b fine levied for theft. c1069 [manor of Islip ‥ to be held with sac and soc, toll and team and] ~ium Regesta 52; c1077 sacam et socam, tol et theam et ~ium Chr. Rams. 205; de quibus habet archiepiscopus iij foresfacturas, ~ium, pacem fractam, foristellum DB I 4va; isti soch’i dicunt se habuisse legreuuitam et blodeuuitam et ~ium suum usque ad iiij d.; et post iiij habebit abbas [de Ramesyg’] forisfacturam ~ii DB I 204rb; 1092 (v. fractura 8b); dedit eidem ecclesie ‥ leugam circumjacentem ‥ cum saca et socna et thol et theam ‥ et ~io Chr. Battle f. 24; 1560 ecclesiam nostram nuper monasterii beati Petri Westmonasterii ‥ unacum omnibus capellis ‥ pistrinis, brasuris, molendinis equinis, ~iis, granariis ‥ Pat 958 m. 15.  b c1130 quieti de ‥ omnibus aliis exactionibus et querelis excepto murdro et ~io probato CalCh 418; c1156 sint liberi ‥ de syris et de hundradis ‥ et de murdro et de ~io et de daneget Act. Hen. II I 151; c1170 (1317) tenementa ‥ quieta ab omnibus geldis et danegeldis et scutagiis et murdro et ~io CalCh 342; 1287 quieta et libera de murdro, ~io, placitis, et querelis PQW 2b. 3 (collect.) gang of thieves. c1196 sequendo vestigia ~ii sui Regesta Scot. 406. 4 (transf.) stolen goods, loot. si ~ium invenitur in manu vel in potestate alicujus, qui se non poterit excusare (Inst. Cnuti) GAS 327; 1212 ipse R. habuit ad partem suam de ~io illo j pallium ‥ et quandam penulam CurR VI 338; 1225 Simon B. ‥ rectatur de latrocinio ovium; Ricardus Caretarius ‥ rectatur de receptamento ~ii JustIt 863 r. 5 (v. 1b supra); 1257 judicium latronum interceptorum cum ~io CalCh 68; 1269 illum ‥ cepimus et cum illo ~ium CBaron 74; 1283 restituat ~ium cui furatum fuerit RGasc II 210; 1340 cum idem G. quemdam S. ‥ felonice deburgantem grangiam ipsius prioris de B. ‥ cepisset ‥ et ipsum ibidem cum ~io illo inprisonasset SessPCambs 12; nullus defamatus tanquam receptator ~ii debet puniri antequam malefactor fuerit convictus vel attayutus de ~io illo Quon. Attach. 83.

lătrōcĭnĭum, (9) ĭī, n. (latrocinor), ¶ 1 service militaire : Pl. d. Non. 134, 28 ¶ 2 vol à main armée, attaque faite par des brigands, brigandage : Cic. Cat. 2, 1 ; Dej. 22 ; Cæs. G. 6, 23, 6 || pl., latrocinia Vell. 2, 73, 3, actes de piraterie ¶ 3 bande de brigands : Cic. Cat. 1, 31 ¶ 4 jeu des latroncules, cf. latro 2, § 3 : Ov. Ars 2, 207.

latrocinium , ii. n.
偷盗。騙。奸。

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latrōcinium ī, n

• latrocinor, freebooting, robbery, highway-robbery, piracy: apertum: domesticum: latrocinium potius quam bellum: latrocini modo caeca militia, etc., L.: in latrocinio comprehensi, robbery, Cs.: latrocinii imago, i. e. the game of war(chess or draughts), O.—Villany, roguery, outrage: furtim et per latrocinia ad inperia niti, S.: latrocinium, non iudicium, futurum. —A band of robbers: si ex tanto latrocinio iste unus tolletur.

LATROCINIUM

LATROCI´NIUM, LATRO´NES. Armed persons who robbed others abroad on the public roads or elsewhere were called latrones, and their crime latrocinium. Murder was not an essential part of the crime, though it was a frequent accompaniment (Sen. de Ben. 5.14; Dig. 49, 15, 24; 50, 16, 118). Under the Republic latrones were apprehended by the public magistrates, such as consuls and praetors, and forthwith executed (Liv. 39.29, 41). By the Lex Cornelia de Sicariis of the dictator Sulla, they were classed with Sicarii and punished with death, and this law continued in force in the imperial times (Dig. 48, 19, 28; Sen. de Clem. 2.1, Epist. 7; Petron. 91); from the 2nd century onwards the praefectus urbi had summary jurisdiction in such crimes in the city and for a circuit of 100 Roman miles about it (see Marquardt, Staatsverwaltung, 1.225; Mommsen, Staatsrecht, 2.1067). The grassatores were another kind of robbers, who robbed people in the streets and roads, and besides robbing murdered and kidnapped (Suet. Aug. 32; Tib. 8; cf. Juven. 3.305, 10.22-Z2,13.145; Friedländer, 2.29). The name grassator seems strictly to belong to the unarmed footpad: if they used arms, they were punished, like the latrones, capitally, or in less flagrant cases they were condemned to the mines or exiled. (Cic. de Fato, 15; Dig. 48, 19, 28: see also Rein, Criminalrecht, p. 424.)

[W.S] [G.E.M]