oppidum

dein Capuam pervenit, in oppidum magnum
then he arrived in Capua, a great town

oppidum , ī, n.: a walled town; town.

oppĭdum, i (gen. plur oppidūm, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4; old abl plur. oppedeis, Lex. Servil.), n. [ob and pedum; Gr. πέδον; Sanscr pada-m, on or over the plain].

• I A town (of towns other than Rome, which was called Urbs; though occasionally the term oppidum was applied to Rome) (class.): oppidum ab opi dictum, quod munitur opis causā, ubi sit: et quod opus est ad vitam gerundam, Varr. L. L. 5, § 141 Müll.; cf. Fest. p. 202: hi coetus (hominum) sedem primum certo loco domiciliorum causā constituerunt, quam cum locis manuque saepsissent, ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41: Athenas anticum opulentum oppidum Contempla, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 5 (Trag. v. 324 Vahl.): fortunatum oppidum, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 81 (81): Segesta est oppidum pervetus in Siciliā, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72: praesidia in oppidis, id. Att. 8, 11, B, § 1: Romana per oppida, Verg. G. 2, 176: urbe (i.e. Romā) oppidove ullo, Suet. Oth. 1.—Constr. with gen., of name of a town: Antiochiae, Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1.—Of Rome: per totum oppidum, all through the town, i.e. Rome, Varr. L. L. 6 § 14 Müll.: eos (legatos) in oppidum intromitti non placuit, Liv. 42, 36: oppidum Martis, Mart. 10, 30, 2.—In like manner oppidum denotes Athens, Nep. Milt. 4, 2; and Thebes, id. Pel. 1, 2.—In a fig. of an old man: ad hoc ego oppidum vetus continuo legiones meas Protinus adducam: hoc si expugno, etc., Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 12 (585).—
• • B Transf., the inhabitants of a town: illic oppida tota canem venerantur, nemo Dianam, Juv. 15, 8.—
• II A fortified wood or forest, among the Britons, Caes. B. G. 5, 21. —
• III The barriers of the circus (anteclass.): in Circo primo unde mittuntur equi, nunc dicuntur carceres, Naevius oppidum appellat, Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.; cf. Fest. p. 184 ib.

oppidum, ī, n. (aus *op-pedum; vgl. griech. πέδον, Grund, Boden), jeder umfriedigte Raum; dah. I) (altlat.) die Schranken des Zirkus, Naev. b. Varro LL. 5, 153. – II) als fester Sitz, fester Punkt, fester Platz = a) die Stadt als Aufenthaltsort, Wohnplatz, opp. Genabum, Caes.: opp. Mitylene, Vitr.: antiquum opulentum opp., Enn. fr.: opp. maritimum, Liv.: novum Gallorum opp., Liv.: opp. parvulum, Curt.: opp. pervetus in Sicilia, Cic.: libera ac foederata oppida, Suet:: oppidum aedificare, Liv.: post me erat Aegina, ante me Megara, dextrā Piraeus, sinistrā Corinthus; quae oppida quodam tempore florentissima fuerunt, nunc prostrata ac diruta ante oculos iacent, Sulp. in Cic. ep.: cum uno loco tot oppidûm cadavera proiecta iacent, Sulp. in Cic. ep.: sanguine per triduum in oppido (in der St. = in Rom) pluisse, Liv.: urbe oppidove (aus Rom od. einer Landstadt) egressus, Suet. – mit Genet. des Städtenamens (wie ἄστυ), in oppido Antiochiae, Cic. ad Att. 5, 18, 1. – Plur. oppida, dichterisch = die Prachtgebäude der Stadt, die Staatsgebäude, Hor. carm. 2, 15, 18. – b) ein verschanzter Wald bei den Britanniern, Caes. b. G. 5, 21, 3. – ➳ Genet. Plur. oppidûm, Sulp. in Cic. ep. 4, 5, 4.

oppidum [CL] 1 (fortified) city, town, borough, or sim.; b (dist. from civitas, urbs, villa, or sim.). ’ compulit illos ~o’ : i. ~um intrare Comm. Cant. I 115; ~um Hiericho cum septiformi murorum obstaculo Aldh. VirgP 55; Severus ‥ apud Eboracum ~um morbo obiit Bede HE I 5 p. 17; Rofa est ~um situ nimium angustum sed ‥ hostibus sine periculo non accessibile W. Malm. GP I 72 p. 133; dux ‥ Tamesim fluvium transmeavit et ad ~um Guarengefort pervenit Ord. Vit. III 14 p. 155; in hoc eodem ~o de Kaerdif Gir. IK I 6 p. 64.  b Catenense municipium ‥ Siracusas, ~um Siciliae Aldh. VirgP 42 p. 293; Joppe: ~um Palestine maritimum in tribu Dan ‥ Iconium: civitas celeberrima Lycaoniae Bede Nom. Act. 1037; ~a, rura, casas, vicos, castella propter evangelizandum ‥ peragrare Id. HE III 28 p. 195; auxiliante Deo fructus carpebat amoenos / catholicae fidei donec impleverat urbes / agnitione Dei, villas, atque oppida, rura Alcuin WillV 6. 10; ~a urbesque cum sanctorum cenobiis ‥ concremavit Ord. Vit. III 1 p. 6; platee ‥ in urbibus, ~is, et villis Andr. S. Vict. Sal. 17. 2 fortified place, castle, fortress, stronghold; b (w. municipium). ~um, castellum GlC O 202; ~um, fæsten Ælf. Gl. 140; ~um contra Tripolim, quod Castellum Peregrinorum vocant, firmavit W. Malm. GR IV 388; a principe Beneventanorum ~um ad manendum sibi suisque heredibus accepit Ord. Vit. III 3 p. 53; castrum quod Novus Mercatus dicitur ‥ ad tuendum plurimis baronum suorum commendavit ‥ tandem dux Hugoni ‥ predictum ~um ‥ commendavit ‥ at ille tuitionem prefate munitionis ‥ suscepit Ib. 10 p. 113; ad ~um Eustachii quod Maltum vocatur ‥ exercitus diverterunt villaque destructa illud obsederunt Ric. Hex. Stand. f. 44; c1164 juxta opidum Reinfrew Regesta Scot. 254; municipium, ~um, castellum, asilum Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 363.  b dum se in ~o municipio ‥ obsedisset Bede HE III 1 p. 128 (v. municipium 3b). 3 (pl., understood as) inhabitants of towns or cities, citizens, townsmen. ~orum, civium burxhlfodb[i. e. buruhleoda] GlP 283.

1 oppĭdum, (6) ī, n. (ob, pedum, πέδον), ¶ 1 ville fortifiée, place forte : Cic. Rep. 1, 41 || tout endroit fortifié : Cæs. G. 5, 21 || = enceinte de Rome : Liv. 42, 36 ¶ 2 chef-lieu dʼun territoire, ville dʼun pays [civitas = pays, organisation politique] : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 72 ¶ 3 barrières du cirque : Varro L. 5, 153.

➳ gén. pl. oppidum Sulp. Ruf. d. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4.

oppidum , i. n.
有城墙郡邑。

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oppidum ī, n

• ob+PED-, a town, city, collection of dwellings: toto me oppido quaerere, T.: arx oppidi, S.: oppida publico Sumptu decorare, H.: in oppidum intromitti, i. e. Rome, L.: is (campus) est ab oppido circiter, etc., i. e. Athens, N.: oppidum vocant, cum silvas munierunt, etc., Cs.— A provincial town: pervetus in Siciliā: Romana per oppida, V.: Antiochiae.—The inhabitants of a town: Oppida tota canem venerantur, Iu.

OPPIDUM

OPPIDUMoriginally the stronghold, commonly overlooking the plain (ob pedum), which served as a refuge in times of danger, for the inhabitants of the surrounding district. (The derivation from opus, suggested by Mommsen, H. R. 1.39, E. T., is impossible, and has been abandoned by him in later editions.) Hence it did not differ essentially from urbs. But while the latter word came to be used especially of Rome, oppidum became the general name for country towns, including municipia, praefecturae, and coloniae [COLONIA]. The term is also commonly used of the towns. which possessed Latin rights (oppida Latina); for the organisation of these, cf. the Leges Salpensana et Malacitana in C. I. L. ii. pp. 253 ff.

[A.S.W]

Oppĭdum

(1) Originally, the stronghold, commonly overlooking the plain (ob pedum), which served as a refuge in times of danger for the inhabitants of the surrounding district; and later, the town which grew up about the stronghold.

(2) In a special sense the mass of buildings occupying the straight end of a Circus, which included the stalls for the horses and chariots (carceres), the row of seats above, where the musicians and spectators sat, the gate between them, through which the Circensian procession entered the course (porta pompae), and the towers which flanked the whole on either side, all which together presented the appearance of a town.