praes
praes, a surety, bondsman
Could not find praedemque in Logeion dictionaries.
praedemque Noun: masculine accusative singular of praes
- I Lit.: praedia dicta, item ut praedes, a praestando: quod ea pignore data publice mancupis fidem praestent, Varr. L. L. 5, § 40 Müll.: praes, qui a magistratu interrogatus, in publicum ut praes siet, a quo et cum respondet, dicit praes, id. ib. 6, § 74; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 223 Müll.: manceps dicitur qui quid a populo emit conducitve: qui idem praes dicitur, quia tam debet, praestare populo quod promisit, quam is, qui pro eo praes factus, Fest. s. v. manceps, p. 151 Müll.: praedes dicuntur satisdatores locupletes pro re, de quā apud judicem lis est, ne interea, qui tenet, diffidens causae, possessionem deteriorem faciat, tecta dissipet, excidat arbores et culta deserat, Ascon.ad Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 115: praedes pecuniae publicae accipere, id. Fam. 2, 17, 4: praedem esse pro aliquo, id. Att. 12, 52, 1: praedes dare, id. Rab. Post. 4, 8: praedem fieri, id. Att. 13, 3, 1: per praedem agere, id. ib. 9, 9, 4: praedes tenentur, id. Fam. 5, 20, 3: cavere populo praedibus ae praediis, an old formula, signifying to procure security to the people by bondsmen and their property, id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142: quis subit in poenam capitali judicio? vas. Quid, si lis fuerit nummaria? quis dabitur? praes, Aus. Idyll. 12: praedesque eo nomine praetori dabuntur, Gai. Inst. 4, 13: jubebat praedes adversario dare litis, id. ib. 4, 16.—
- II Transf., the property of sureties: praedes vendere, Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 78.—
- III Trop.: cum sex libris, tamquam praedibus, me ipsum obstrinxerim, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 8.
- at hand, now (ante-class.): ibi tibi parata praes est, Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 17 (288).
in nonnullis nobilium bonorumque hominum predibus
- 1. iem. die borg staat, borg; ➤ praedes dare als borgen stellen; praedem esse pro alqo;
- 2. (metaf.) borg, garantie;
- 3. (meton.) vermogen v.d. borg, borgtocht; ➤ praedes vendere.
- prae+vas, a surety, bondsman: praedes pecuniae publicae accipere: praedes dare: per praedem agere: praedibus acceptis aedificia perfecturi, L.: cavere populo praedibus ac praediis, to procure security to the people by bondmen and their estates.—The property of sureties: praedes vendere.—Fig.: cum sex libris, tamquam praedibus, me ipsum obstrinxerim.
PRAESAccording to Ausonius (Idyll. 12.9), Vas was one who gave security or went bail for another in a causa capitalis, and he who gave security for another in a civil action was called Praes: similarly Festus (s. v. Vadem) says that. Vas is a sponsor in a res capitalis. But the application of the word Vadimonium in civil causes (e. g. Gaius, 4.184-187) shows that this distinction is not perfectly accurate, and Varro (L. L. 6.74) defines Vas as any person who promised Vadimonium or security for another in any legal proceeding: so that possibly Vas may have both a general and a specific sense, in the latter of which it is occasionally (as by Ausonius and Festus) contrasted with Praes (cf. Sallust, Sal. Jug. 35, 61; Hor. Sat. 1.1, 11, and Heindorf's note). Praes really seems to be a contraction of prae-vas (Rivier, Untersuchungen über die cautio praedibus praediisque, p. 14), and Vas itself may relate to the freedom which the party obtains by means of the security given ( Vades ideo dicti quod qui eos dedit potestatem vadendi id est discedendi habet, Acron ad Hor. loc. cit.: cf. Gellius (Gell. 7.19), or more probably, as Rivier holds, it is connected with the old Norse ved and high German wetti, words denoting pledge, so that vas would mean a surety, and prae-vas perhaps a surety who besides pledging his person pledges his property [PRAEDA; PRAEDIUM ] for the discharge by another of his obligations, or his appearance in court. Another but very dubious etymology of the word is given by Festus (s. v. Manceps), who says that Manceps signifies him who buys or hires any public property, and that he is also called Praes because he is bound to make good his contract (praestare quod promisit) as well as he who is his Praes (see also Varro, l. c.), so that according to this Praes is a surety of one who is under some liability to the state. The passage of Festus explains some lines in the life of Atticus (Cornelius Nepos, 6), in which it is said that he never bought anything at a public auction (ad hastam publicam), and never was either Manceps or Praes. The use of Praes as a surety in a civil action occurs under the Legis actio as well as the formulary procedure: in the Sacramentum the defendant, to whom interim possession of the property in dispute was awarded, had to give praedes litis et vindiciarum (Gaius, 4.16); and under the later formulary system, when a real action was tried per sponsionem, the security given by the defendant was called pro praede litis et vindiciarum (Gaius, 4.91, 94a): so too in some MSS. of Dig. 10, 3, 6, 7, the reading is praedibus or praediis cavere, but in the latest edition of Krüger and Mommsen pro dedibus is adopted as correct. According to the Pseudo-Asconius (in Verr. 1.54, 142) the goods of a Praes were called Praedia (see PRAEDIUM), and in Cicero (l. c.) and Livy (Liv. 22.60) praedibus et praediis come together (Rivier's treatise on the topic has been already referred to): but it is clear from Varro that this use of praedia is confined to the case of a debtor to the state, whose sureties were liable both in their persons (praedibus) and their property (praediis). If, in such a case, the debtor did not pay, the property of the surety was sold by auction under the authority of the state, and the purchaser (praediator, Gaius, 2.61) became owner ex jure Quiritium, though the surety might recover it by an anomalous form of usucapio (Gaius, l. c.). The chief authority on the jus praediatorium is now the Lex Municipalis Malacitana, cap. 63-65.
[J.B.M]In Roman law is a surety for one who buys of the State. The goods of a praes were called praedia. The praediator was a person who bought a praedium—that is, a thing given to the State as a security by a praes. See Walter, Geschichte des röm. Rechts. 340.