purpura

purpura , ae, f.: purple color, purple; purple border or fringe, 5.251. (πορφύρα, the purple-fish)

purpŭra, ae, f. [πορφύρα].

• Lit., the purple-fish (cf.: bucinum, murex, ostrum), Plin. 9, 36, 60, § 125 sq.—
• II Transf., purple color, purple, Plin. 9, 37, 61, § 130: violae sublucet purpura nigrae, Verg. G. 4, 274: certantem uvam purpurae, Hor. Epod. 2, 20; Dig. 32, 68 fin.; also, a spurious purple color, prepared from berries (cf. Plin. 9, 41, 65, § 140), Plin. 16, 18, 31, § 77.—Like aurum, gemmae, etc., to designate any valuable object, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 128 (284); Lucr. 5, 1423; Hor. C. 2, 16, 7: purpuram marinam, Vulg. 1 Macc. 4, 23.—
• • B The purple, i. e. purple cloth, a purple garment: purpura plebeia ac paene fusca, Cic. Sest. 8, 19: usque ad talos demissa purpura, i. e. the praetexta, id. Clu. 40, 111; Quint. 1, 2, 6: lectus eburneus, auro ac purpurā stratus, Suet. Caes. 84.—Esp., of the purple garments worn by kings and magistrates: purpura Pompeium summi velabit honoris, Ov. P. 4, 4, 25: regum, Verg. G. 2, 495.—Cf. in plur.: purpurae Laconicae, Hor. C. 2, 18, 8; Quint. 8, 5, 28.—Hence,
  • • 2 Transf., a lofty station, high dignity: omnis Latio quae servit purpura ferro, i. e. all kings, Luc. 7, 228: purpuram sumere, i. e. the sovereignty, Eutr. 9, 8; Capitol. Max. 14: adorare purpuram, i. e. the emperor, Amm.21, 9, 8; Cod. Th. 6, 24, 3; Cod. Just. 2, 8, 6; 12: septima purpura, the seventh consulate, Flor. 3, 21, 17: tertia Latios renovārat purpura fasces, Sil. 11, 112: jamque novi praeëunt fasces, nova purpura fulget, Ov. F. 1, 81.—
    • 3 Of wine: purpura potabilis, Cassiod. Var. 12, 4.

purpura, ae, f. (πορφύρα), I) die Purpurschnecke, Plin. 9, 125 sqq. – II) meton.: A) der Purpur, die Purpurfarbe, Sen., Plin., Hor. u.a.: nigra, Verg.: auch die unechte, aus einer Art Beeren verfertigte, Plin. 16, 77. – B) der purpurfarbige, mit Purpur gefärbte Stoff, 1) als Stoff, a) = mit Purpur gefärbte Wolle, Purpurwolle, ministri fucandae purpurae, Gesellen in einer Purpurfärberei, Amm. 14, 9, 7: purpuras colo nere, Iustin. 1, 3, 2. – b) ein roter Lappen, Colum. 3, 15, 1. – 2) als Gewand, Decke: a) ein mit Purpur verbrämtes od. ganz gefärbtes Kleid, das Purpurkleid, der Purpur, teils mit gewöhnl. Purpur, dah. purpura plebeia ac paene fusca (ins Braune schillerndes, Cic. Sest. 19. – teils doppelt u. mit kostbarem Purpur u. von Fürsten u. hohen Magistraten getragen, Cic. u.a.: purp. regalis, Cic. fr.: purpuram amicire, Vopisc.: purpurā vestiri, Sen.: odores ac purpuras et auro pensanda portare (v. Kaufleuten), Sen. – dah. meton. v. hohen Würden u. Würdenträgern, septima purpura, d.i. Konsulat, Flor.: sumere purpuram, die Tyrannis, Eutr.: accipere purpuram, Eutr.: purpura servit, die Könige, Lucan.: purpuram adorare, Amm. u. spät. ICt. – b) die purpurne Decke, Sen., Quint. u. Suet.: lectum sternere sine linteis, sine purpura, Liv. epit. – C) poet. = porphyrites, Stat. silv. 1, 5, 37.

purpura [CL] 1 murex or sim. shellfish, as ancient source of purple dye. ~a, uuylocbaso Gl. Leid. 22. 17. 2 purple dye (originally obtained from murex or sim. shellfish). b (~a maritima used for medicinal purpose). murex, regalis ~a GlC M 329.  b †purenia [l. purpura], [i.] maritima quam alii †balattam luctantem [l. Blattam Byzantinam] apellant eo quod †luzancio [l. Byzantio] primum inventa est, ejus virtus sicca est, putrida vulnera gingivarum in pulverem redacta et inposita purgat et cicatrizat Alph. 150. 3 purple-dyed fabric; b (as symbol of human or divine power or status). c (transf.) power, sovereignty. curtinae veteris delubri ‥ ex auro, jacintho, ~a [gl.: ~a apud Latinos a puritate lucis vocata, apud Grecos purphira dicitur, godwebbe], bis tincto cocco sive vermiculo cum bisso retorto dispari murice fulsisse describuntur Aldh. VirgP 15; vexillum ‥ auro et ~a conpositum Bede HE III 11 p. 148; quid dicis tu, mercator? ‥ quales res adducis nobis? ~am [WW: ~um] et sericum [AS: pællas 7 sidan] ‥ Ælf. Coll. 96; camere ‥ ubi erant ingentes thesauri, copia sc. auri et argenti, lapides preciosi, ~a et sericum, et omnium copia divitiarum Ord. Vit. XI 26 p. 253; bombices ‥ i. vermes ex quorum egestione lana conficitur unde ~a et ostrum texitur Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 72; s1306 distribuebantur ~a bissus, sindones, et siclades Flor. Hist. III 131.  b duce Ambrosio Aureliano ‥ qui solus forte Romanae gentis tantae tempestatis collisione occisis in eadem parentibus ~a nimium indutis superfuerat Gildas EB 25; virginitas fulget veluti rubra purpura regum Aldh. VirgV 189; pro aurotexta ~a induitur nigra peregrinantis a Domino tunica Gosc. Edith 43; Heraldus ‥ furtim preripuit diadematis et ~e decus Ord. Vit. III 11 p. 119; tedebat preterea virginem beatissimam corporali decorari ~a V. Fridesw. B 5; sunt ‥ ducis insignia preter arma militaria virga et vexillum, judicis tribunal et ~a R. Niger Mil. I 79.  c virgo parens ‥ / aurea porta Dei, dignissima purpura Christi Wulf. Brev. 149; a1169 honores ‥ eternos in celis qui imperatorum ~am majestate incomparabili antecedant J. Sal. Ep. 170 (206); absque eo ~a regis eterni non consummabitur J. Ford Serm. 78. 7; huic sane nobilissime ~e de subtilissimis filis cogitationum sanctarum ‥ subtiliter contexende Gros. Hexaem. 79. 8; religionis apex et nostri gloria secli / et decus ecclesie, totius purpura mundi (Vers.) M. Rievaulx 14; crebrumque in sententiis cujus libri puritate Theodosii ~as illustravit Gros. Hexaem. proem. 1. 4 (alba ~a) ‘white purple’, purple silk. dono cappam ex alba ~a ‥ detulit Ord. Vit. III 9 p. 111. 5 purple (as colour); b (~a nigra) ‘black purple’ (as colour of rust). chrysoprasus ex auro et ~a ceu mixtam lucem trahens, quem amant aquile Ps.-Bede Collect. 312; flos Veneris rosa est, quia sub ejus ~a multi latent aculei Map NC IV 3 f. 46; hic candens inter celestia lilia fulget / illi debetur purpura tincta rosis Neckam DS V 456; lesura / in purpura rose livores inducit J. Howd. Cant. 98.  b ferrugo, ~a nigra GlC F 139.

purpŭra, (10) æ, f. (πορφύρα), ¶ 1 coquillage qui fournit la pourpre, pourprier : Plin. 9, 125 ¶ 2 la pourpre [couleur] : Plin. 9, 130 ; Virg. G. 4, 274 ¶ 3 la pourpre [vêtement] : Cic. Sest. 19 ; Clu. 111 || ornement de pourpre, insigne des hautes magistratures ou de la royauté : sedens cum purpura et sceptro Cic. Sest. 57, [roi] siégeant avec la pourpre et le sceptre, cf. Virg. G. 2, 495 ; Ov. P. 4, 4, 25 ; septima purpura Flor. 3, 21, 17, septième consulat || couverture de pourpre : Suet. Cæs. 84 || [poét.] = porphyre : Stat. S. 1, 5, 37.

purpura , ae. f.
海羸花。絳色。 Septima purpura 七次作總官。Verna purpura 春天之玫瑰。Violacea purpura 紫色。

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purpura ae, f

• , πορφύρα, purple color, purple: violae sublucet purpura nigrae, V.: certantem uvam purpurae, H.—Purple stuff, purple cloth, purple garment: plebeia ac paene fusca: usque ad talos demissa, i. e. the toga praetexta: purpurarum usus, i. e. splendid attire, H.—Of kings and magistrates, the purple, purple robe: regalis: regum, V.: Purpura Pompeium summi velabit honoris, O.: Laconicas Trahunt purpuras, H.: nova purpura fulget, i. e. of newly elected consuls, O.

Purpŭra

(πορφύρα). The finest and most costly dye of the ancients, a discovery of the Phoenicians, though known to the Greeks in the Homeric Age. This may be inferred from the frequent epithet πορφύρεος applied to robes, rugs, etc. It was also known to the Romans in the time of their kings. It was obtained from two kinds of shells in the Mediterranean Sea: (1) from the trumpet-shell (Gr. κῆρυξ; Lat. bucinum, murex);

(2) from the true purple-shell (Gr. πορφύρα; Lat. purpura, pelagia=murex brandaris or tribulus). These shells respectively contained in a diminutive bladder a small quantity of (1) scarlet-coloured,

(2) black-and-red-coloured juice. The juice collected from a number of these shells was placed in salt in the proportion of about one pint of salt to every seventy-five pounds avoirdupois of juice, and heated in metal vessels by the introduction of warm vapours; then the raw material, wool and silk, was dyed in it. The best and dearest purple was always the Phoenician, especially that of Tyre, although it was prepared by other inhabitants of the Mediterranean. As the colour of the bucinum was not lasting, it was not used by itself, but only in combination with the true purpura for producing certain varieties of purple dye. By mixing bucinum with black pelagium, the juice of the true purple-shell, the fashionable violet, called the “amethyst” purple, was produced; and, by a double process of dyeing, first in half-boiled pelagium, and then in bucinum, Tyrian purple was produced. This had the colour of clotted blood, and when looked at straight appeared black, but when held to the light it glowed with colour. A pound of violet wool cost in Caesar's time 100 denarii ($20), Tyrian purple wool above 1000 denarii ($200). By mixing pelagium with other matter— water, urine, and orchilla—the bright purple dyes —heliotrope-blue, mauve-blue, and violet-yellow —were obtained. Other colours were produced by the combination of the different methods of dyeing; first dyeing the material with violet colour, purple dye, and scarlet (produced from the coccus ilicis); then by using the Tyrian method they obtained the tyrianthinum, the Tyrian shell-purple, and the variety called the ὕσγινον, from ὕσγη, a variety of πρῖνος, or quercus coccifera (Pliny H. N. ix. 124-141). The native dye was apparently not easily distinguished from the Tyrian when newly applied, except by the connoisseur ( Epist. i. 10, 26-30). For further details, see Blümner's Technologie, i. 224-240.

Purple robes were used at an early date by the Greeks as a mark of dignity. Even the Athenian archons wore purple mantles officially. In Rome at one time broad, at another narrow, stripes of purple on the toga and tunic served as marks of distinction for senators, magistrates, and members of the equestrian order. The robes of the general were dyed in purple (see paludamentum); so also was the gold-embroidered mantle worn by one who celebrated a triumph. For a long time home-purple was used; Tyrian purple was not introduced till the middle of the first century B.C., and from that time it became a luxury. In spite of repeated attempts to check by imperial decrees the use of real purple among private individuals, robes trimmed with purple, or altogether dyed with it, became more and more used. Only a complete robe of blatta, the finest kind of purple, of which there were five varieties, was reserved as an imperial privilege, and any private person who wore it was punished as being guilty of high-treason (Cod. Theod. iv. 40, 1). From the second century A.D. the emperors took part in this lucrative industry, and from the end of the fourth century A.D. the manufacture of the blatta became an imperial monopoly.