species

doloris speciem ferre non possunt
they are not able to endure the sight of pain fraudi imponere aliquam speciem iuris
to impose an appearance of justice upon fraud

speciēs, ēī, f.: aspect, appearance, 6.208; sight, 2.407; form; in a moral sense, reputation, propriety, honor, 4.170. (speciō, look)

spĕcĭes, ēi (gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced: specierum, Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.: speciebus, App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio].

• I Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf. aspectus): speciem quo vortimus, Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9: si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere, id. 9, 4: qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98: qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt, id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—
• II Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).
• • A Lit.: praeter speciem stultus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49 (933): quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago, Lucr. 4, 52; cf.: quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc., outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā, id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63: hominis esse specie deos confitendum est, id. N. D. 1, 18, 48: edepol specie lepida mulier! Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2 (415); cf.: bellan' videtur specie mulier? id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40 (838); id. Most. 1, 3, 23 (179); id. Mil. 4, 2, 10 (1000); 4, 6, 20 (1235): urbis speciem vidi, id. Pers. 4, 4, 2 (560); so, species praeclara oppidi, Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 21: navium, Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.: nova atque inusitata, id. ib. 2, 31: horribilis, id. ib. 7, 36: agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius, Cic. Sen. 16, 57: horum hominum species est honestissima, id. Cat. 2, 8, 18: ad speciem magnifico ornatu, as to outward appearance, id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: populi, id. Rep. 3, 33, 45: nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7: turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens, Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.: fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus, Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.—
  • • 2 Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance: ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem, Cic. Phil. 11, 3: non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus, Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).—
    • 3 Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi ἰδέαν appellabant: nos recte speciem possumus dicere, Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30: insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae, id. Or. 5, 18: excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus, id. ib. 14, 43: species, forma et notio viri boni, id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni, id. Rep. 2, 29, 51: qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet, Hor. S. 2, 3, 208: utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret, Curt. 7, 1, 36.—
  • B In partic.
  • • 1 A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).
    • • a In gen.: obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81: ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc., id. Lael. 13, 47: cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti, Sall. J. 29, 4: fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris, Liv. 9, 11: specie liberā ... re verā, etc., id. 35, 31; cf.: litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse, id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.: plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt, id. 7, 15, 7: si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset, id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent, Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61: quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia, id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32: similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere, id. Off. 3, 4, 16: si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur, id. ib. 3, 33, 120.— Hence,
      • b Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc.
      • • α With abl.: fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat, Cic. Cael. 6, 14.—
        • β With sub: sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum, Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.—
        • γ With per: per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum, Liv. 9, 30, 8: per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc., id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.—
        • δ With in: si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit, Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence: haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio, Liv. 24, 1, 8: dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā, id. 3, 9, 13; so, ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.—
    • 2 Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.): inque chori ludunt speciem, Ov. M. 3, 685: in montis speciem curvari, id. ib. 15, 509; cf.: scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.—
    • 3 Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.: dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42 (125): fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā, Cic. Pis. 11, 24: adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam, id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: speciem candoremque caeli, id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39: specie et motu capere homines, id. Brut. 62, 224: triumpho praebere speciem, Liv. 34, 52, 10: addere speciem, id. 37, 40; 9, 40: si fortunatum species et gratia praestat, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203: ducit te species, id. S. 2, 2, 35: speciem Saturnia vaccae probat, Ov. M. 1, 612: juvenis, Juv. 10, 310: corporis, Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.—
  • C Transf.
  • • 1 Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. εἴδωγον).
    • • a An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125: repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem, Ov. M. 9, 473: voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit, id. ib. 11, 677: in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc., Liv. 8, 6: per nocturnas species, id. 26, 19; cf.: mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem, id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.—
      • b A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit ... Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor ... Sancta Jovis species ... Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21.—
    • 2 Reputation, honor: o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant, Cic. Dom. 33, 89.—
    • 3 The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species: species pars est generis, App. Asclep. p. 78, 26: harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc., Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.: genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189: primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt ... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal, Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.—
    • • b In later jurid. lang., a special case: proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc., Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.—
      • c In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment); publicae, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10: annonariae, ib. 11, 73, 3: vendenda sit species, i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.—Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.

speciēs, ēī, f. (specio), I) aktiv = das Gehen, der Anblick, Blick, das Gesicht, oculi, Vitr.: acuta, Vitr.: speciem aliquo vertere, die Augen, den Blick wohin wenden, Lucr. – II) passiv = 1) das Ansehen, der Anblick, speciem boni viri prae se ferre, Cic.: praeter speciem stultus es, Plaut.: praebere speciem horribilem, Caes.: speciem ignis praebere, wie F. aussehen, Curt.: speciem ridentis praebere, die Miene eines Lachenden annehmen Liv.: equus ad speciem (von A.) honestus, Apul.: u. so forum comitiumque adornatum ad speciem magnifico ornatu, ad sensum cogitationem que acerbo et lugubri, Cic.: in montis speciem curvari, wie ein B., Ov. – 2) die Gestalt, die man mit den Augen sieht, die äußere Gestalt, -Erscheinung, das Äußere, bes. häufig von blendenden Gestalten u. Erscheinungen, humana, Cic.: divina, Liv.: auspiciorum, Cic.: fortunae principalis, die äu. E., das Bild fürstlicher Hoheit, Tac.: mortali specie excelsior iuvenis, Val. Max. – 3) die schöne Gestalt, Schönheit, teils natürliche, iuvenis, Iuven.: vaccae, Ov.: teils durch angebrachten Schmuck, Ansehen, Zierde, Schimmer, triumpho maximam speciem captiva arma praebuere, Liv.: adhibere in dicendo speciem, Liv.: qui non speciem (Schimmer) expositionis, sed fidem (Glaubwürdigkeit) quaerit, Quint. – öfter von der in die Augen fallenden Pracht und Schönheit des Himmels, species candorque caeli, Cic. Tusc. 1, 68; vgl. Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 100. – 4) die Gestalt, die man im Geiste sieht; dah. a) das Musterbild, Ideal (s. Nipperd. Nep. Timol 5, 1), eloquentiae, Cic.: optima species et quasi figura dicendi, Cic.: excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrare, Cic.: hanc enim speciem libertatis esse, si etc., Nep. – b) die Idee, der Begriff, die Vorstellung, griech. ἰδέα (vgl. Cic. Acad. 1, 30), Cic. u. Hor.: boni viri, Cic.: species inanes anxio animo figurare, Wahngebilde (leere Gespenster) vormalen, Curt.: veram speciem Romani senatus capere, sich eine richtige V. vom r.S. machen, Liv. – c) die Gestalt im Schlafe od. Traume, das Gesicht, der Schemen, nocturna, Liv.: consuli visa species viri, Liv.: species et umbrae insontis interempti filii, Liv. – d) der Schein, Anschein, speciem utilitatis habere, Cic.: fraudi imponere speciem iuris, Liv.: speciem ostendere in obsidione perseverantis, sich den Anschein geben, als beharre man bei der B., Curt.: speciem praebere alcis rei, den Anschein (die Vermutung) erzeugen, Curt.: u. so praebere speciem mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Curt.: per speciem militarium usuum, Liv.: per speciem auxilii ferendi, Liv.: specie rei publicae lapsi, Cic.: specie, ut indutiae essent, Liv. – specie, dem Scheine nach, Ggstz. reapse, Cic., u. Ggstz. re, Sen.: ebenso in speciem, Cic., Ggstz. re ipsā, Liv.: ad speciem, zum Scheine, zur Täuschung, Caes. u. Q. Cic.: specie tenus, dem Scheine nach, Amm. – primā specie, dem ersten Anscheine nach, Cic. u. Curt. – 5) das Bild, Bildnis, Standbild, die Statue, Cic.: Iovis, Cic. – 6) die Art oder species einer Gattung oder eines Geschlechtes (eines genus), Varro u. Cic. – 7) = casus, der Fall, haec species incĭdit, Plin. ep.: proponitur apud eum species talis, Ulp. dig. – 8) das einzelne Stück, species argenti, Stücke, Sorten, ICt.: vestis, ICt. – dah. Plur. species = einzelne Dinge, die verbunden sind, wie α) Waren, publicae, Cod. Iust.: annonariae, ibid. – β) Gewürze, Spezereien, zum Einmachen, zu Arzneien, Zutaten, Macr. u.a. – ➳ Genet. specii, Mat. b. Gell. 9, 14, 15. – Genet. u. Dat. Plur. specierum u. speciebus bei den Alten nicht in Gebrauch nach Cic. top. 30 (vgl. Boëth. in Cic. top. 3. p. 331, 34 B.): aber später oft Genet. specierum, Apul. de dogm. Plat. 1, 6; de mundo 37; Ps. Apul. Ascl. 3 sqq. u.a. Amm. Marc. 29, 5, 36. Arcad. Charis. dig. 50, 4, 18. § 5. Cod. Iust. 1, 2, 10 u.a. Pallad. 11, 14, 15. Cael. Aur. de morb. chron. 1, 5, 151. Symm. epist. 9, 130. Macr. sat. 7, 9, 21: Dat. od. Abl. speciebus, Ps. Apul. Ascl. 5 u.a. Tert. de spect. 18 u.a. Vopisc. Aurel. 21, 4. Scaevol. dig. 28, 2, 29. § 10 u.a. ICt. Sidon. epist. 1, 10. 2. Mart. Cap. 10. § 707 u.a. Prisc. epist. ad Iul. § 5 u. Prisc. 2, 33 u. 64. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 578. – Für den Genet. Plur. verlangen Charis. 31, 18 u. Diom. 305, 4 specieum.

species [CL], specia 1 something seen or viewed, sight, spectacle. mira referunt de incognitis ~ebus quas in oriente viderunt Ord. Vit. XI 26 p. 257. 2 (of intermediate object, result, or product in process of visual perception) image, representation. omnium rerum ~es lux animae annuntiat quas ipsa in se acceptas specificat Alcuin Moral. 645A; vitam eternam per ~em quandam visionis interne amantibus ingerit J. Ford Serm. 11. 3; ~es visibilis est substantia assimilata nature solis lucens et radians, cujus radiatio conjuncta radiationi corporis lucentis exterius totaliter visum complet Gros. 73; ~es ‥ hic ‥ transumitur ‥ ad designandum primum effectum cujuslibet agentis naturaliter. ‥ dicimus lumen solis in aere esse ~em lucis solaris ‥ et lumen forte cadens per fenestram ‥ nobis satis est visibile et est ~es lucis stelle Bacon Maj. II 409; sicut ergo res sensibilis suam ~em gignit in oculo, que ~es, quia per ipsam video rem extra, est mihi racio videndi R. Marston QD 118; intellectus est quasi tabula nuda in qua nihil est pictum vel scriptum donec cognoscibilium ~es acquirantur Bradw. CD 83A; vertigo est obvolucio visibilis ~ei ante oculos SB 43. 3 visual appearance; b (as indicating state or condition). c beauty, fine appearance. d (in or sub ~e) in the shape or form (of). fauni ‥ a capite usque ad umbilicum hominis ~em habent Lib. Monstr. I 5; pro diversa capillorum ~e unus Niger ‥ alter Albus Heuuald diceretur Bede HE V 10; comptis qui potuit notis ornare libellos / atque apicum speciem viritim sic reddit amoenam / hac arte Æthelwulf Abb. 211; saphirus habet speciem / celesti throno similem Frith. Cives 3. 1; erat ‥ spectabilis prout humana ~es exigit Ord. Vit. XII 35 p. 446; arbor sancta ‥ pini ~em habebat Judas Story 68.  b 1339 lego ‥ totam cameram cum omnibus et singulis pannis, vasis, et utensilibus, in quibuscumque ~ebus existunt RR K's Lynn I 146.  c caeruleam fulgore ~em aureo per omnes miscebat squamas Lib. Monstr. III 8; montem ‥ dignum ‥ pro insita sibi ~e venustatis Bede HE I 7; a754 ~em et pulchritudinem anime tuae Bonif. Ep. 94; fructus ‥ sapore et ~e ceteris plurimum prestantes W. Malm. GP IV 153; Robertus genuit W. Bastardum ex concubina, cujus ~em in choreis saltantibus forte conspicatus, nocte sibi eam copulavit R. Niger Chr. II 156.  d Spiritus Sanctus in ~e columbae descendit Alcuin Dogm. 289B; Spiritu Sancto qui super dominum Jhesum in ~e columbe apparuit V. Chris. Marky. 2; dominus ‥ Jesus Christus sub ~e scolaris ei dignatus est apparere V. Edm. Rich C 593; diabolus in ~e hominis se illi in itinere sociavit Latin Stories 70; cum qua [sc. Leda] Jupiter concubuit in ~em cygni J. Foxton Cosm. 84. 8. 4 display, show, splendour; b (of God, seen when in heaven); c (as model for imitation). c797 non deceptibilis auri ~es nec ulla terrenae delectationis voluptas Alcuin Ep. 189; theologia ‥ nostra multis ~ebus debet comi Byrht. Man. 226; florum ‥ magis attendere ~em quam fructus utilitatem V. Fridesw. B 1; multi qui pridem regi ~e tenus adheserunt advenientem ducem ultro susceperunt Ord. Vit. X 19 p. 110; servitus ‥ acceptura ‥ diadema ~ei de manu Domini pro mercede (Lit. Archiep.) Canon. G. Sempr. f. 136v.  b 957 (14c) Jhesus Christus ‥ ~e[m] inmortalitatis attribuens et vitam post hanc mortem resurgendo permittens CS 995; per hanc ab spe ad ~em pervenire Egb. Pont. 70; 985 ut ‥ Deum deorum in Sion mereamus ~etenus speculari Chr. Abingd. I 400; inter fidem et ~em intellectum quem in hac vita capimus esse medium intelligo Anselm (CurD) II 40; fervencius ad contemplandam ~em Conditoris anehelabant V. Chris. Marky. 39; transivit ‥ pater ‥ de mundo ad Patrem, de fide ad faciem, de spe ad ~em J. Furness Walth. 90.  c [archiepiscopum] quislibet ‥ adorare pro viva magne industrie ~e debuisset nisi ‥ W. Malm. GR V 434. 5 (also fig.) outward appearance, apparent nature or form. b indication, sign. c (~etenus) in appearance. d superficially. septiformem universalis ecclesiae ~em praefigurasse noscuntur Aldh. Met. 2; panem altaris versum in carnem, vinum calicis in sanguinem propalam ostenderet et denuo in genuinam ~em retorta W. Malm. GP I 17; remansit interim Wlstanus in seculo ~e non mente, non animo sed corpore Id. Wulfst. I 2; lupam conspicit sub ~e ferina gemitus et planctus humanos emittentem Gir. TH II 19; struccio ~em volandi habet sed vim volandi non habet Alex. Bath Mor. I 82 p. 135; Deus ‥ sic ordinavit hujus mundi sensibilis creaturas quas propter hominem ipse condidit ut suis formis et ~ebus quasi ‥ litteris significantibus denunciarent homini salvacionis sue beneficium Gros. Cess. Leg. I 9.  b 1167 ~es est conscientie diffidentis amicum in articulo necessitatis insinuatione verborum preces involvere J. Sal. Ep. 213 (198).  c tandem jam senex ~e tenus regi reconciliatus Ord. Vit. XI 8 p. 194.  d [demones] ~etenus que a vero Deo creata sunt ‥ commutant Gir. TH II 19; dilexit nos Deus non mediocriter ‥ sed plenius ‥ non ~etenus, non forinsecus quasi in superficie, sed intrinsecus et medullitus Bald. Cant. Serm. 21. 2. 535C. 6 semblance. b illusory or deceptive appearance, guise. c (~etenus) seemingly, in appearance or for appearance's sake only. sideris ad speciem perfecta nitentia fulsit Mir. Nin. 87; ~em dormientium meditantes W. Malm. GR II 207; ut altioris gradus exemplo in se virtutum ~em deliniaret Id. Wulfst. I 2; 1167 taciturnus ~em pretendit confitentis J. Sal. Ep. 227 (230 p. 410).  b per fidi speciem, proprium commendat honorem / et juramentis perfida corda ligat G. Amiens Hast. 751; sub ~e mimi subiens tentoria W. Malm. GR II 121; milites ‥ ~em negotiatorum mentientes Ib. IV 386; redi ‥ ad monasterium, quia ego sub tua ~e usque modo officium tuum adimplevi Latin Stories 95.  c bene noverit virum non sincere diligere sed ei ~etenus obsequii sui amorem praetendere Eadmer V. Dunst. 10; ~etenus illi regis nomine donato W. Malm. GR I 68; dum ‥ Etheldrida ~etenus regio famularetur cubili Id. GP III 100; s1187 plurimi dissimulata pavide vel callide ira ‥ siluere et principi ‥ ~etenus paruere sub exspectatione ‥ temporis quo a suis cervicibus jugum ejus excuterent W. Newb. HA III 16; precibus sive rationibus ~etenus potius quam medullitus flexus, rancore ‥ dissimulato Ad. Eyns. Hug. V 7; negligentius cepti [operis] fabrica ut ~etenus ad hoc magis quam studio intendentum proficiebat Chr. Battle f. 13. 7 ostensible reason, pretext. sub ~e [v. l. spe] colloquii W. Malm. GR II 146; sub ~e pacis eos dolo decipere conatus est Ord. Vit. IX 6 p. 497; 1261 sub ~e reformande pacis ‥ convenire debeatis Cl 494. 8 (artistic) representation, figure, symbol; b (transf.). caeli speciem depingent sidera pulchram Bonif. Aen. (Neglegentia) 362; habent ‥ nigre rotule inter se effigiatas ~es pavonum W. Malm. GP V 218; simulacrum illud εἴδωλον dictum est quod nos Latine ‘~em doloris’ dicimus Alb. Lond. DG proem. p. 152; statua hec spheram sub ~e mundi in manu sua dextra et gladium in manu sinistra sub ~e virtutis bellice gerebat Eul. Hist. I 414.  b de palma ‥ dici creditur quod longa sui vetustate longanimitatis sive eternitatis quandam ~em gerat J. Ford Serm. 82. 3. 9 supernatural appearance, apparition, vision. [diabolus] venit ad eum in ~e Latin Stories 36; s1379 diabolica visio sive ~es apparuit inter eos Wals. HA I 422. 10 kind, sort, type. b (w. ref. to Eucharist) kind (also transf. of the Eucharistic elements). c (phil., esp. dist. from genus) kind, species. d (w. ref. to procedure or sim.) form, method, way. necessarias in diversis ~ebus possessiones conferret Bede HE I 26; multa in variis ~ebus spolia Obsess. Durh. 7; quomodo plures homines in ~e sint unus homo Anselm (Incarn. B 1) II 10; est ‥ gramen ~es herbe Alb. Lond. DG 11. 10; testimonium ‥ alicujus superioris tota ~e humana Duns Ord. I 42; accorus est ~es yris cujus radices sunt rubre SB 9.  b sub duabus ~ebus hoc sacramentum sumitur Gir. GE I 8; si illud quod in calicem cecidit sit venenosum, et timeat sacerdos quod ~es vini sit infecta, consulunt quidam ‥ quod ipsa ~es vini ‥ supra sacrarium comburatur Cust. Westm. 219; de sacerdotibus celebrantibus et consumentibus ~es sacramenti altaris Ockham Pol. II 524; 1433 de sacramento altaris sub utraque ~e a laicis sumendo Reg. Cant. III 249.  c prima ‥ exposicio salvari potest accipiendo simile secundum genus et dissimile secundum ~em T. Sutton Gen. & Corrupt. 61; differencia ‥ est principium constitutivum ~ei intrinsecum Id. Quodl. 471; ~es specialissima est substancia Ockham Sent. II 126.  d cum innumerabiles tormentorum ~es horresceret Felix Guthl. 31 (cf. ib.: post innumerabilia tormentorum genera); 972 (14c) in multis modis ac diversis ~ebus Olimphum cum syderibus rotari suo nutu perficiens CS 1285; quattuor ‥ ~es cogitationum sunt J. Ford Serm. 87. 8; aliam [intencionem] ejusdem ~ei Kilvington Soph. 46h. 11 (representing Plato's ἰδέα) form. ~es hominis non est forma ejus tantum, quod intendebat Plato, sed aggregatum ex materia et forma Siccav. PN 79; ~es ‥ sunt ea que inveniuntur ad multa et ~es est illud quod invenitur cuilibet Ib.. 12 individual or particular case, matter. b (in ~e) in particular. c (~etenus) with reference to particulars, in detail. d (in ~e) specifically, explicitly. e especially. p754 si qua in aliis quibuslibet negotiis vel ~ebus nobis necessariis providetis, communicare dignemini (Cyneheard) Ep. Bonif. 114.  b 1416 vobis ‥ mandamus quatinus citetis ‥ oppositores si qui sint in ~e, alioquin in genere omnes ‥ qui contra ‥ eleccionem ‥ dicere ‥ voluerint Reg. Cant. I 27; legatoriis quibus naves aliquas in testamento nostro reliquimus in genere aut in ~e Test. Hen. V 100.  c s1384 dicens illud nimis generaliter fuisse locutum, asserens ulterius illud ‥ ~etenus oportunum fore proferre Chr. Westm. p. 144.  d s1216 nominatim et in ~e Wend. II 167; 1327 dumtamen testes declarent in ~e id quod in dictis articulis in genere continetur Lit. Cant. I 238; in ~e volumus quod ‥ familiaris noster ‥ habeat cc marc' Test. Hen. V 96; 1545 nomina ‥ in ~e et singillatim ‥ annotantur et specificantur Conc. Scot. I cclix.  e ab omni in ~e hereticorum fallacia protegat Test. Hen. V 89. 13 thing (of particular kind). b (also ~es aromatica or sim.) spice. c foodstuff prepared with or served with or alongside spices, delicacy. numquid non habuimus equos viliores plurimos vel alias ~es quae ad pauperum dona sufficerent Bede HE III 14; calicem ‥ argenteum aliasque preciosas ~es protulit Ord. Vit. III 3 p. 58; s1162 munera ingentia in auro et serico et in aliis ~ebus et in equis et camelis mittit Henrico Torigni Chr. 215; ~em aliquam sibi fecerit Fleta 177 (v. specificatio 1).  b corpus ‥ aromatibus aliisque ~ebus condire voluerunt Alex. Cant. Mir. 46 (I) p. 250; 1190 pro ~ebus emendis Pipe 3 (v. speciarius 1a); insula ‥ in qua crescit copia ~ei que dicitur mastic G. Ric. I 198; s1135 quamvis lintheaminibus caput ejus involvisset et ~es odoriferas pregustasset M. Par. Min. I 250; 1274 clerici petentis zuheram et alias ~es Househ. Henry 401; 1304 assumat ‥ sibi prior ‥ senescallum ‥ qui plenam administracionem [habeat] in ‥ custodia jocalium vini et ~arum Ord. Ely 25; ei in montibus aureis et ~ebus aromaticis et in gemmis est vicinus Eul. Hist. II 18; musteolum est quoddam oleum de musco et aliis ~ebus aromaticis factum SB 31.  c oblatas, fructus, species, galfras nebulasque / mappula contineat D. Bec. 2572; 1295 post prandium ‥ rex et archiepiscopus ‥ ~es prout moris est post cibum sumpturi DCCant. Register/Q f. 27a; 1322 in ~ebus conventus die sancti Johannis Sacr. Ely II 32; 1335 in diversis ~ebus confectis emptis Comp. Swith. 235; 1394 in ‥ pomis, piris, walnotis, et aliis ~ebus Ac. Durh. 214; gustavit species et dulcia vina bibebat Gower VC VII 837.

spĕcĭēs, (7) ēī, f. (specio),

I ¶ 1 vue, regard : Lucr. 4, 236 ; 4, 242 ; 5, 707 ; Vitr. Arch. 9, 4 ¶ 2 ensemble des traits qui caractérisent et font reconnaître un objet ; aspect : humana specie et figura Cic. Amer. 63, avec lʼaspect et la conformation de lʼhomme ; speciem boni viri præ se ferre Cic. Off. 2, 39, donner lʼimpression dʼun homme de bien ; hospitis speciem non effugere Cic. Br. 172, garder la caractéristique dʼun étranger ; speciem habere honesti Cic. Off. 3, 7, avoir les caractères de lʼhonnête, cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 30 ; honestum natura et specie sua commovet Cic. Off. 2, 32, lʼhonnête émeut par son essence propre et ses traits caractéristiques ; summa species arborum stantium relinquitur Cæs. G. 6, 27, 4, on laisse de quoi donner lʼimpression la plus complète que les arbres se tiennent debout normalement ¶ 3 ce qui apparaît aux regards, aspect, extérieur, air, dehors, etc. : horum hominum species est honestissima Cic. Cat. 2, 18, ces hommes ont un air des plus honorables ; universa comprensio et species orationis Cic. Or. 198, le pourtour et la forme de la phrase dans son ensemble ; navium species inusitata Cæs. G. 4, 25, 1, forme de navires inusitée ; ager una specie Sall. J. 79, 3, champ dʼaspect uniforme || nova atque inusitata specie commoti Cæs. G. 2, 31, 1, bouleversés par ce spectacle nouveau et extraordinaire ; ponite ante oculos miseram illam ac flebilem speciem Cic. Phil. 11, 6, représentez-vous cette scène (ce tableau) pitoyable et lamentable || specie Cic. CM 57 ; ad speciem Verr. 2, 1, 58 ; in speciem Cæs. G. 7, 23, 5, pour lʼaspect, au point de vue de lʼaspect ¶ 4 bel aspect, grand air, éclat, lustre, etc. : species candorque cæli Cic. Tusc. 1, 68, la beauté et la splendeur du ciel ; triumpho præbere speciem Liv. 34, 52, 10, ajouter de lʼéclat au triomphe ; adhibere quamdam in dicendo speciem atque pompam Cic. de Or. 2, 294, donner à sa parole un air de dignité et dʼassurance ; species dignitasque populi Romani Cic. Domo 89, grandeur et majesté du peuple romain ¶ 5 sens concret a) apparition, vision nocturne, fantôme : Lucr. 1, 125 ; Ov. M. 9, 473 ; 11, 677 ; Liv. 8, 6, 9 ; 26, 19, 4 ; b) statue, image : [poet.] Cic. Div. 1, 21 ; c) fantôme de lʼimagination : Hor. S. 2, 3, 208 ; P. 7 ; Curt. 7, 1, 36 ¶ 6 apparence, semblant : speciem pugnantium præbere Cæs. G. 3, 25, 1, avoir lʼapparence de combattants ; ad speciem Cæs. G. 1, 51, 1 ; C. 2, 35, 6 ; in speciem Cæs. G. 5, 51, 4, pour lʼapparence, pour faire illusion ; specie... reapse Cic. Læl. 47, en apparence... en réalité ; speciem offerre Cic. Div. 1, 81, ne présenter quʼune apparence ; præclara classis in speciem Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 86, belle flotte en apparence || senatus specie Sall. C. 38, 2, sous couleur de défendre le sénat, cf. Liv. 30, 20, 5 ; sub specie tutelæ Curt. 9, 2, 7, sous prétexte de tutelle, cf. Curt. 10, 6, 21 ; Liv. 44, 24, 4 ; per speciem auxilii ferendi Liv. 39, 35, 4, sous couleur de porter secours, cf. Liv. 9, 30, 8 ; 40, 13, 8 ; 42, 52, 8 ¶ 7 [droit] cas particulier, espèce ; hæc species incidit in cognitionem meam Plin. Min. Ep. 10, 56, 4, voici un cas qui a été soumis à ma compétence (dont jʼai eu à connaître) ; proponitur apud eum species talis... Dig. 9, 2, 5, on lui soumet le cas suivant..., cf. 31, 1, 85 ¶ 8 [décad.] a) objet, marchandise, denrée : sing., Pall. 11, 14, 3 ; pl., publicæ species Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10, marchandises publiques, cf. 11, 73, 3 ; b) épices, drogues, ingrédients : Macr. Sat. 8, 7, 8 ; Dig. 39, 4, 16.

II t. de philosophie : ¶ 1 ce par quoi se manifeste (se révèle) extérieurement une notion, un principe ; aspect, considération, point de vue, etc. : utilitatis speciem videbat, sed eam, ut res declarat, falsam judicavit, Cic. Off. 3, 99, lʼintérêt se montrait à lui, mais sous un aspect quʼil jugea décevant, comme les faits le prouvent ; cf. Cic. Off. 3, 41 ; 46 ; 47, etc. ; utilitatis specie peccatur Cic. Off. 3, 46, la considération de lʼintérêt fait commettre des fautes ; cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est... Cic. Off. 3, 35, quand lʼutilité sʼoffre à nous avec tel ou tel caractère apparent ; objecta specie voluptatis Cic. Fin. 1, 47, quand sʼest dressée devant eux lʼidée du plaisir ¶ 2 lʼidée platonicienne, = ἰδέα Cic. Ac. 1, 30 ; 33 ; Tusc. 1, 58 || image ou représentation quʼon se fait dʼune chose : doloris speciem non ferre Cic. Tusc. 2, 54, ne pas supporter lʼidée de la douleur ¶ 3 type : obversentur species honestæ et veræ Cic. Tusc. 2, 52, quʼil ait devant les yeux des types réels de vertu ; species civitatis Cic. Rep. 1, 51, type, forme de gouvernement ; eloquentiæ Cic. Or. 18, un type, un idéal de lʼéloquence ¶ 4 espèce [dʼun genre] : Cic. Or. 6 ; Top. 30 ; 31 ; 68 ; Quint. 3, 6, 26, etc. ; Sen. Ep. 58, 7.

➳ arch. gén. specie ou specii, cf. Gell. 9, 14, 15 || specierum, speciebus remplacés par formarum, formis Cic. Top. 30, mais employés à la décad.

species , ei. f.
形。樣。可觀之事。想之像。怪幻。美。飾。彷彿。威儀。刻像。畫像。外貌。小類。私題。香料。— annonariae 粮食。Prima specie 乍看。外皮。Specie vel in speciem vel per speciem 外貌。外皮。Habere speciem ejus rei 相似彼物。Induere speciem ejus 裝其容貌。Speciem insulae praebere 像海島。Praeter speciem stultus es 人想不到汝之痴。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

speciēs —, acc.em, abl.ē, f

• SPEC-, a sight, look, view, appearance, aspect, mien: quae sensūs nostros specie primā acerrime commovent: doloris speciem ferre: navium, Cs.: hominum honestissima: ad speciem magnifico ornatu, as to outward appearance: speciem habere honesti, the look of what is right: turba maiorem quam pro numero speciem ferens, Cu.—A spectacle, sight, appearance: ponite ante oculos miseram illam speciem. —Fig., a mental appearance, idea, notion: insidebatin eius mente species eloquentiae: viri boni: Qui species alias veris scelerisque capiet, H.: inanīs species anxio animo figurare, Cu.—A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext: formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt: cuius rei species erat acceptio frumenti, S.: aliquam fraudi speciem iuris imponere, L.: similitudinem quandam gerebant speciemque sapientium: per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum, L.: haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio, as a pretence, L.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, Cs.— A resemblance, likeness; only in the phrase, in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like: Inque chori ludunt speciem, O.: In montis speciem curvari, O.—Show, ornament, display, splendor, beauty: species eius (virtutis) et pulchritudo: praebere speciem triumpho, L.: Ducit te species, H.: speciem Saturnia vaccae probat, O.: corporis, Cu.—An appearance in sleep, vision, apparition: repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem, O.: in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc., L.—A likeness, image, statue: ex aere vetus, Enn. ap. C.—Reputation, honor: populiR.—A particular sort, kind, quality, species: (opp. genus).