tympanum

tympănum, i (collat. form typă-num, Cat. 63, 8 sq.), n., = τύμπανον, a drum, timbrel, tambour, tambourine.

• I Lit.
• • A Esp., as beaten by the priests of Cybele, Lucr. 2, 618; Cat. 63, 8 sq.; Verg. A. 9, 619; Ov. M. 3, 537; 4, 29; 4, 391; id. F. 4, 213; Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 38 (1317); Caes. B. C. 3, 105; Curt. 8, 11, 20; 8, 14, 10; Tac. H. 5, 5, —Also by the Bacchantine females, Ov. M. 11, 17.—Beaten by the Parthians as a signal in battle in place of the tuba, Just. 41, 2, 8.—
  • B Trop., a timbrel, etc., as a figure of something effeminate, enervating: tympana eloquentiae, Quint. 5, 12, 21: in manu tympanum est, Sen. Vit. Beat. 13, 3.—
• II Transf., of things of a like shape.
• • A A drum or wheel, in machines for raising weights, in water-organs, etc., Lucr. 4, 905; Verg. G. 2, 444; Vitr. 10, 4; Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 332; Dig. 19, 2, 19.—
  • B In archit.
  • • 1 The triangular area of a pediment, Vitr. 3, 3 med.—
    • 2 A panel of a door, Vitr. 4, 6 med.—
    • 3 A part of the clepsydra, called also phellos, Vitr. 9, 9.

tympanum, ī, n. (τύμπανον), ein bes. beim Gottesdienste der Cybele gebrauchtes Tonwerkzeug, bald mit hohlem, halbrund gewölbtem Bauche od. Schallboden, wie unsere Kesselpauke, bald bloß rad- oder siebförmig und am Rande mit Schellen behängt, die Handpauke, Handtrommel, I) eig., Lucr., Catull., Caes. u.a.; vgl. cymbalum. – bei den Parthern statt der Tuba als Kampftrompete gebraucht, Iustin. 41, 2, 8. – im Bilde, v. etwas Verweichlichendem, tympana eloquentiae, Quint. 5, 12, 21: in manu tympanum est, Sen. de vit. beat. 13, 3. – II) übtr., wegen der Ähnlichkeit: 1) ein ohne Speichen aus einem Stücke Holz gemachtes Rad, das Klotz- oder Tellerrad, als Wagenrad, Verg.: als Maschinenrad, um Lasten herab- u. heraufzulassen, das Heberad Lucr. u. Vitr.: bei der Presse, ICt.: bei den Mühlen, Wasserorgeln, Vitr.: tymp. dentatum, Kammrad, Vitr. – 2) in der Baukunst: a) das dreieckige hölzerne Giebelfeld, Vitr. 8, 5, 12. – b) die Füllung des Türflügels, Vitr. 4, 6, 4. – 3) ein Eßgeschirr, eine runde konkave Schüssel, Plin. 33, 146. – ➳ Des Metrums wegen gebildete Form tўpănum, Varro sat. Men. 132. Catull. 63, 8 sq.

tympanum, typanum [CL < τύμπανον, τύπανον] 1 small drum or similar percussion instrument; b (in gl.). c (~um auris) eardrum. ~um ‥ est pellis in ligno extenta Bede Luke 563B; legio igitur tota cepit labare, nec bucina nec timphanum nec lituus nec preco poterat eos revocare Ord. Vit. IX 10 p. 561; Hibernia ‥ tantum duobus utitur et delectatur instrumentis, cithara scilicet et ~o Gir. TH III 11; ~um est pellis extensa super duo ligna, et tympanum in alia significatione est mediolus rote per quem axis transit Bacon Gram. Gk. 66.  b ~um, a taber, or a tymbre WW; hoc ~um, A. taburne WW.  c cum auris timpanum hoc sono tangitur / mens ardens obviam sono progreditur Walt. Wimb. Carm. 210. 2 revolving cylinder or drum, (esp.) hub or rim of wheel. timpana, tecta vehiculorum GlC T 167; axis ‥ circumvolvetur in tinpano [gl.: muel, nave] sive in modiolo Neckam Ut. 108; ~um ‥ est mediolus rote per quem axis transit Bacon Gram. Gk. 66 (v. 1a supra); 14‥ est axis duplex, radii sunt, timpana [ME: cartenave] canti WW; ffelwe of a whele, timpanum, circumferencia PP; nave of qwyl, modius ‥ timpanum PP. 3 (solid) cylindrical object: a solid circular wheel, disc. b game or playing piece, counter. c (part of a plough). a ~um, tunnebotm Ælf. Gl..  b a tabylle man, scaccus, calculus, timpanum CathA.  c c1280 concitandum in timpanum Antiq. XXVII 167. 4 (in gl., understood as) bell, or f. l. pastoris ovium rectum est, ut habeat ‥ i. belflis (id est timpani vellus) (Quad.) GAS 451.

tympănum, (11) ī, n. (τύμπανον), ¶ 1 tambourin [surtout des prêtres de Cybèle] : Lucr. 2, 618 ; Virg. En. 9, 619 ; Ov. F. 4, 213 ; Cæs. C. 3, 105 ; Curt. 8, 11, 20 ; Tac. H. 5, 5 || [remplaçant la tuba chez les Parthes] Just. 41, 2, 8, || [fig.] symbolise qqch. dʼefféminé : Quint. 5, 12, 21 ; Sen. Vita b. 13, 3 ¶ 2 [fig.] a) roue pleine : Virg. G. 2, 444 ; Plin. 18, 332 ; b) machine élévatoire, grue : Lucr. 4, 905 ; c) tympan architecture] : Vitr. Arch. 3, 5, 12 ; d) panneau dʼune porte : Vitr. Arch. 4, 6, 4.

➳ typanum Catul. 63, 8.

tympanum , i. n.
鼓。單面鼓。

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tympanum ī, n

• , τύμπανον, a drum, timbrel, tambour, tambourine: Tympana Berecyntia, i. e. of the priests of Cybele, V.: in reconditis templi tympana sonuerunt, Cs.: tympana pulsare, Cu. —Of a wagon, a wheel, roller: tympana plaustris posuere, V.

TYMPANUM

TY´MPANUM(τύμπανον).

1. A small drum carried in the hand. Of these, some resembled in all respects a modern tambourine with bells. Others presented a flat circular disk on the upper surface and swelled out beneath like a kettledrum, a shape which appears to be indicated by Pliny when he describes a particular class of pearls in the following terms:--Quibus una tantum est facies, et ab ea rotunditas, aversis planities, ob id tympania vocantur (H. N. 9.109). Both forms are represented in the cuts below. Fig. 1 is from a painting found at

Pompeii (Mus. Borbon. tom. vii. tav. 37); fig. 2 is from a fictile vase (Millin, Peintures de Vases Antiques, pl. 56), and here the convexity on the under side is distinctly seen. Tympana were covered with the hides of oxen (Ovid, Ov. Fast. 4.342; Stat. Theb. 2.78) or of asses (Phaedr. 4.2, 4), were beaten with the hand (Ovid, Ov. Met. 4.30; see cuts), and were much employed in all wild enthusiastic religious rites (Aristoph. Lysistr. 1.387), especially the orgies of Bacchus and of Cybele (Catull. 64.262; Claud. de Cons. Stilich. 3.365; Lucret. 2.618; Catull. 63.8; Verg. A. 9.619; Suet. Aug. 68; compare Lobeck, Aglaophamus, pp. 630, 652), and hence Plautus (True. 2.7, 49) characterises an effeminate coxcomb as Moechum malacum, cincinnatum, umbraticolam, tympanotribam. According to Justin (Justin. 41.2), they were used by the Parthians in war to give the signal for the onset.

2. A solid wheel without spokes for heavy waggons (Verg. G. 4.444), such as is shown in the cut on page 433. These are to this day common in the rude carts of Southern Italy and Greece, and Sir C. Fellows (Excursions in Asia Minor, p. 72), from whose work the figure below is copied, found them attached to the farm vehicles of Mysia. The wheels are of solid blocks of wood, or thick planks, generally three, held together by an iron hoop or tire; a loud creaking noise is made by the friction of the galled axle, a suggestive commentary on the stridentia plaustra of Virgil (Georg. 3.536). [PLAUSTRUM; SARRACUM. ]

3. Hence wheels of various kinds, a sort of crane worked by a wheel for raising weights (Lucret. 4.903; Vitr. 10.4) [MACHINA ], a wheel for drawing water (Vitr. 10.14) [ANTLIA; ROTA ], a solid toothed wheel forming part of the machinery of a mill (Vitr. 10.9, 10), and the like.

4. An architectural term signifying the flat surface or space within a pediment, and also the square panel of a door (Vitr. 3.3, 4.6-Z2).

5. A wooden cudgel for beating malefactors, and also a beating post to which they were tied when flogged; hence the Greek verbs τυμπανίζειν and ἀποτυμπανίζειν are formed (Schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 476; Ep. to Hebrews, 11.35; Pollux, 8.70).

[W.R]

Tympănum

(τύμπανον). (1) A tambourine, used more especially at the noisy revels of Dionysus and Cybelé; a broad rim of wood or metal covered with skin; sometimes also set round with a concave and semicircular sound-board.

(2) A treadwheel for raising heavy weights and worked by man-power (Lucret. iv. 907).

tympanum

The recessed triangular face of the vertical gable-end forming the vertical back wall of the pediment.

Description: The tympanum is located between the raking and horizontal cornices of the pediment. In the Greek Doric order the tympanum either contained sculpture or was left plain. In Ionic architecture the tympanum is generally left plain.

• Pediment
• Raking cornice