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φύω

φύω, φύω, (pres., fut., weak aor. active) produce, make grow; beget; (pres. passive, intrans. strong aor., intrans. perfect) grow, be begotten, be born; (perfect with present meaning) be by nature, be by nature prone to (+ inf.)

φύω, Il. 6.148, etc.; Aeol. φυίω fort. leg. in Alc. 97: impf. ἔφυον, Ep. 3 sg. φύεν Il. 14.347: fut. φύσω [ῡ] 1.235, S. OT 438: aor. ἔφῡσα Od. 10.393, etc.:—Pass. and Med., 9.109, Pi. O. 4.28, etc.: fut. φύσομαι A. Pr. 871, Hp. Mochl. 42, Pl. Lg. 831a, etc.: similar in sense are the intr. tenses, pf. πέφῡκα Od. 7.114, etc., Ep. 3 pl. πεφύᾱσι Il. 4.484, Od. 7.128; 3 sg. subj. πεφύῃ (ἐμ-) Thgn. 396; Ep. part. fem. πεφυυῖα (ἐμ-) Il. 1.513, acc. pl. πεφυῶτας Od. 5.477; Dor. inf. πεφύκειν Epich. 173.3: plpf. ἐπεφύκειν X. Cyr. 5.1.9, Pl. Ti. 69e; Ep. πεφύκειν Il. 4.109; Ep. 3 pl. ἐπέφῡκον Hes. Th. 152, Op. 149: aor. 2 ἔφῡν (as if from φῦμι) Od. 10.397, etc.: Ep. 3 sg. φῦ Il. 6.253, etc., 3 pl. ἔφυν (for ἔφῡσαν, which is also 3 pl. of aor. 1) Od. 5.481, etc.; subj. φύω or φυῶ E. Fr. 377.2, Pl. R. 415c, 597c, Hp. Carn. 12; 3 sg. opt. φύη Theoc. 15.94, (συμ-) Sor. 2.89; inf. φῦναι, Ep. φύμεναι Theoc. 25.39, φῦν Parm. 8.10; part. φύς Od. 18.410, etc., Boeot. fem. φοῦσα Corinn. 21: ἔφυσεν, = ἔφυ, dub. in IG 14.2126.5 (Rome); conversely ἔφυ, = ἔφυσεν, ib. 3.1350, Sammelb. 5883 (Cyrene): later, fut. φυήσω LXX Is. 37.31, Pass. φυήσομαι Gp. 2.37.1, Them. Or. 21.248c (in Luc. JTr. 19 ἀναφύσεσθαι is restored): aor. 2 Pass. ἐφύην J. AJ 18.1.1, prob. in BSA 28.124 (Didyma), (ἀν-) Thphr. HP 4.16.2; inf. φυῆναι Dsc. 2.6, (ἀνα-) D.S. 1.7; part. φῠείς Hp. Nat.Puer. 22, Trag.Adesp. 529, PTeb. 787.30 (ii B. C.), Ev.Luc. 8.6: aor. 1 Pass. συμ-φυθείς Gal. 7.725. [Generally ῠ before a vowel, Ep., Trag. (A. Th. 535, S. Fr. 910.2), etc., ῡ before a consonant; but φῡει Trag.Adesp. 454.2, φῡεται S. Fr. 88.4, Trag.Adesp. 543 ( = Men. 565); φῡομεν Ar. Av. 106; ἐφῡετο prob. in Ar. Fr. 680, cf. Nic. Al. 14, D.P. 941, 1013; even in thesi, προσφῡονται Nic. Al. 506, φῡουσιν D.P. 1031; also in compds.]
  • A trans., in pres., fut., and aor. 1 Act.:—
  • bring forth, produce, put forth, φύλλα . . ὕλη τηλεθόωσα φύει Il. 6.148; τοῖσι δʼ ὑπὸ χθὼν δῖα φύεν νεοθηλέα ποίην 14.347, cf. 1.235, Od. 7.119, etc.; ἄμπελον φύει βροτοῖς E. Ba. 651; so τρίχες . ., ἃς πρὶν ἔφυσεν φάρμακον made the hair grow, Od. 10.393, cf. A. Th. 535; φ. χεῖρε, πόδε, ὀφθαλμὼ ἀνθρώποις X. Mem. 2.3.19; of a country, καρπόν τε θωμαστὸν φύειν καὶ ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς Hdt. 9.122; ὅσα γῆ φύει Pl. R. 621a, cf. Anaxag. 4.
      • 2 beget, engender, E. Ph. 869, etc.; Ἄτλας . . θεῶν μιᾶς ἔφυσε Μαῖαν E. Ion 3, cf. Trag.Adesp. 454.2; so of God creating man, Antipho 4.1.2, cf. Plu. Comm.not. 2.1065c; ὁ φύσας the begetter, father (opp. ὁ φύς the son, v. infr. B.I.2), S. OT 1019, Ar. V. 1472 (lyr.); ὁ φ. πατήρ E. Hel. 87; ὁ φ. χἠ τεκοῦσα Id. Alc. 290; τὴν τεκοῦσαν ἢ τὸν φύσαντα Lys. 10.8; of both parents, γονεῦσι οἵ σʼ ἔφυσαν S. OT 436; οἱ φύσαντες E. Ph. 34, cf. Fr. 403.2; φ. τε καὶ γεννᾶν Pl. Plt. 274a; ὦ γάμοι γάμοι, ἐφύσαθʼ ἡμᾶς S. OT 1404; ἥδʼ ἡμέρα φύσει σε will bring to light thy birth, ib. 438; χρόνος φύει τʼ ἄδηλα καὶ φανέντα κρύπτεται Id. Aj. 647.
      • 3 of individuals in reference to the growth of parts of themselves, φ. πώγωνα, γλῶσσαν, κέρεα, grow or get a beard, etc., Hdt. 8.104, 2.68, 4.29; φ. πτερά Ar. Av. 106, Pl. Phdr. 251c; σάρκα Id. Ti. 74e; φ. τρίχας, πόδας καὶ πτερά, etc., Arist. HA 518a33, 554a29, etc.: for the joke in φύειν φράτερας, v. φράτηρ.
      • 4 metaph., φρένας φῦσαι get understanding, S. OC 804, El. 1463 (but also θεοὶ φύουσιν ἀνθρώποις φρένας Id. Ant. 683): prov., ἁλιεὺς πληγεὶς νοῦν φύσει ‘once bit, twice shy’, Sch. Pl. Smp. 222b; γέροντα τὸν νοῦν σάρκα δʼ ἡβῶσαν φύει A. Th. 622; δόξαν φῦσαι get glory or to form a high opinion of oneself, Hdt. 5.91; θεὸς . . αἰτίαν φύει βροτοῖς A. Niob. fr 154a.15 Radt; αὑτῷ πόνους φῦσαι S. Ant. 647.
    • II in pres. seemingly intr., put forth shoots, εἰς ἔτος ἄλλο φύοντι Mosch. 3.101; δρύες . . φύοντι Theoc. 7.75, cf. 4.24: so ἀνδρῶν γενεὴ ἡ μὲν φύει ἡ δʼ ἀπολήγει one generation is putting forth scions, the other is ceasing to do so, Il. 6.149; ἐν στήθεσι φύει (fort. φυίει) grows up, appears, Alc. 97; ῥίζα ἄνω φύουσα ἐν χολῇ LXX De. 29.18.
  • B Pass., with intr. tenses of Act., aor. 2, pf. and plpf., grow, wax, spring up or forth, esp. of the vegetable world, θάμνος ἔφυ ἐλαίης Od. 23.190, cf. 5.481; πρασιαὶ παντοῖαι πεφύασιν 7.128; τά γʼ ἄσπαρτα φύονται 9.109, cf. Il. 4.483, 14.288, 21.352; φύεται αὐτόματα ῥόδα Hdt. 8.138, cf. 1.193; ὑπὸ φηγῷ πεφυκυίῃ growing there, Id. 2.56; πεφυκότα δένδρα trees growing there, X. Cyr. 4.3.5; τὰ φυόμενα καὶ τὰ γιγνόμενα Pl. Cra. 410d, cf. Phd. 110d, Plt. 272a; τοῦ κέρα ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἑκκαιδεκάδωρα πεφύκει from his head grew horns sixteen palms long, Il. 4.109, cf. Hdt. 1.108, 3.133; φύονται πολιαί Pi. O. 4.28; κεφαλαὶ πεφυκυῖαι θριξί grown with hair, D.S. 2.50 (s. v.l.); πέφυκε λίθος ἐν αὐτῇ is produced, X. Vect. 1.4: metaph., νόσημα ἐν ὀλιγαρχίᾳ φυόμενον, φυομένη πόλις, Pl. R. 564b, Lg. 757d; ὁ σπέρμα παρασχών, οὗτος τῶν φύντων αἴτιος [κακῶν] of the things produced, D. 18.159; also κατὰ πάντων ἐφύετο waxed great by or upon their depression, ib. 19. —In this sense aor. 2 is rare (v. supr.), exc. in phrases such as ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί (v. ἐμφύω), Od. 2.302.
      • 2 of persons, to be begotten or born, most freq. in aor. 2 and pf., ὁ λωφήσων οὐ πέφυκέ πω A. Pr. 27; τίς ἂν εὔξαιτο βροτὸς ὢν ἀσινεῖ δαίμονι φῦναι; Id. Ag. 1342 (anap.); μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον not to be born is best, S. OC 1224 (lyr.); γονῇ πεφυκὼς . . γεραιτέρᾳ ib. 1294; οὐχ ὑπὸ θυσιῶν οὐδʼ ὑπὸ εὐχῶν φύς Pl. R. 461a; φύς τε καὶ τραφείς ib. 396c; μήπω φῦναι μηδὲ γενέσθαι X. Cyr. 5.1.7, cf. Pl. Smp. 197a: construed with gen., πεφυκέναι or φῦναί τινος to be born or descended from any one, τὸ κοινὸν σπλάγχνον οὗ πεφύκαμεν A. Th. 1036, cf. S. OC 1379, etc.; θνατᾶς ἀπὸ ματρὸς ἔφυ Pi. Fr. 61, cf. S. OT 1359 (lyr.), Ant. 562; ἀπʼ εὐγενοῦς ῥίζης E. IT 610; ἀπὸ δρυός Pl. Ap. 34d, etc.; φ. ἔκ τινος S. OT 458, E. Heracl. 325, Pl. R. 415c, etc.; ἐκ χώρας τινός Isoc. 4.24, etc.; οἱ μετʼ ἐκείνου φύντες, opp. οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνου γεγονότες, Is. 8.30; ἐκ θεῶν γεγονότι . . διὰ βασιλέων πεφυκότι X. Cyr. 7.2.24.
    • II in pres., become, οὐδεὶς ἐχθρὸς οὔτε φύεται πρὸς χρήμαθʼ οἵ τε φύντες . . S. Fr. 88.4; πιστοὺς φύσει φύεσθαι X. Cyr. 8.7.13; the pf. and aor. 2 take a pres. sense, to be so and so by nature, κακός, σοφὸς πέφυκα (-κώς), etc., S. Ph. 558, 1244, etc.; δρᾶν ἔφυν ἀμήχανος Id. Ant. 79; φύντʼ ἀρετᾷ born for virtue, i.e. brave and good by nature, Pi. O. 10(11).20; so of things, τὸ μὲν εὖ πράσσειν ἀκόρεστον ἔφυ A. Ag. 1331 (anap.), cf. Pl. Grg. 479d, etc.; εὐχροώτεροι ὁρῷντο ἢ πεφύκασιν X. Cyr. 8.1.41, cf. Oec. 10.2; [τὸ πῦρ] πέφυκε τοιοῦτον Id. Cyr. 5.1.10; τἄλλα ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, ὅπως ἔτυχε, πέφυκεν D. 37.56: with Advs., ἱκανῶς πεφυκότες of good natural ability, Antipho 2.1.1; δυσκόλως πεφ. Isoc. 9.6; οὕτως πεφ. X. HG 7.1.7; also οἱ καλῶς πεφυκότες S. El. 989, cf. Lys. 2.20; οἱ βέλτιστα φύντες Pl. R. 431c: then, simply, to be so and so, φῦναι Ζηνὶ πιστὸν ἄγγελον A. Pr. 969; θεοῦ μήτηρ ἔφυς Id. Pers. 157 (troch.); γυναῖκε . . ἔφυμεν S. Ant. 62; Ἅιδης ὁ παύσων ἔφυ ib. 575; ἁπλοῦς ὁ μῦθος τῆς ἀληθείας ἔφυ E. Ph. 469: c. part., νικᾶν . . χρῄζων ἔφυν S. Ph. 1052; πρέπων ἔφυς . . φωνεῖν Id. OT 9, cf. 587; τοῦτο ἴδιον ἔφυμεν ἔχοντες Isoc. 4.48, cf. 11.41, X. Smp. 4.54.
      • 2 c. inf., to be formed or disposed by nature to do so and so, τὰ δεύτερα πέφυκε κρατεῖν Pi. Fr. 279; πολλῷ γʼ ἀμείνων τοὺς πέλας φρενοῦν ἔφυς ἢ σαυτόν A. Pr. 337; ἔφυν γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐκ τέχνης πράσσειν κακῆς S. Ph. 88, cf. Ant. 688; φύσει μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν Id. Ph. 79; πεφύκασι δʼ ἅπαντες . . ἁμαρτάνειν Th. 3.45, cf. 2.64, 3.39, 4.61, etc.; πέφυκε . . τρυφὴ . . ἦθος διαφθείρειν Jul. Or. 1.15c.
      • 3 with Preps., γυνὴ . . ἐπὶ δακρύοις ἔφυ is by nature prone to tears, E. Med. 928; ἔρως γὰρ ἀργόν, κἀπὶ τοῖς ἀργοῖς ἔφυ is inclined to idleness, Id. Fr. 322; also ἐπί τι Pl. R. 507e; εἴς τι Aeschin. 3.132; most freq. πρός τι, οἱ ἄνθρωποι πρὸς τὸ ἀληθὲς πεφύκασι Arist. Rh. 1355a16; εὖ πρὸς ἀρετὴν πεφυκότες X. Mem. 4.1.2; πρὸς πόλεμον μᾶλλον . . ἢ πρὸς εἰρήνην Pl. R. 547e; κάλλιστα φ. πρός τι X. HG 7.1.3, etc.; also πρός τινι Id. Ath. 2.19 (s. v.l., cf. Plb. 9.29.10); also εὖ πεφ. κατά τι D. 37.55.
      • 4 c. dat., fall to one by nature, be oneʼs natural lot, πᾶσι θνατοῖς ἔφυ μόρος S. El. 860 (lyr.); χαίρειν πέφυκεν οὐχὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἀεί Id. Tr. 440; ἐφύετο κοινὸς πᾶσι κίνδυνος D. 60.18, cf. X. Cyr. 4.3.19.
      • 5 impers., it is natural, it happens naturally, c. inf., D. 14.30, Arist. Pol. 1261b7, Po. 1450a1.
      • 6 abs., ὡς πέφυκε as is natural, X. Cyn. 6.15, al.; ᾗ πέφυκεν Pl. Ti. 81e; also expressed personally, τοῖς ἁπλῶς, ὡς πεφύκασι, βαδίζουσι D. 45.68: also freq. in part., τὰ φύσει πεφυκότα the order of nature, Lys. 2.29; φύντα, opp. ὁμολογηθέντα, Antipho Soph. 44 A col.i 32 (Vorsokr. 5); ἄνθρωπος πεφυκώς man as he is, X. Cyr. 1.1.3. (Cf. Skt. bhū- ‘to be, become’, Lith. búti ‘to be’, Lat. fui, Eng. be, etc.)

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