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ἀριθμός

ἀριθμός, ἀριθμός, number

ἀριθμός [ᾰ], (ἁρ- IG 1.164), ὁ,
  • number, first in Od., λέκτο δʼ ἀριθμόν 4.451; ἀριθμῷ παῦρα Semon. 3; ἓν ἀριθμῷ Hdt. 3.6; ἀριθμὸν ἕξ Id. 1.14, cf. 50; ἐς τὸν ἀ. τρισχίλια Id. 7.97; πλῆθος ἐς ἀ. the amount in point of number, ib. 60; τὸν ἀ. δώδεκα Euphro 11.11; δύο τινὲς ἢ τρεῖς . . εἰς τὸν ἀ. Men. 165; ἔλαττον μήτε ὄγκῳ μήτε ἀριθμῷ Pl. Tht. 155a; οὔτʼ ἀριθμοῖς οὔτε μεγέθεσιν ἐλάττους Id. Lg. 861e; σταθμῷ καὶ ἀ. X. Smp. 4.45; διʼ ἀ. καὶ μέτρου Plu. Per. 16, cf. E. Tr. 620: prov., λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν ‘count the pebbles on the shore’, Pi. O. 13.46, cf. 2.98; οὐ γιγνώσκων ψήφων ἀριθμούς, of a blockhead, Ephipp. 19; οὔτʼ ἀριθμὸν οὔτʼ ἔλεγχον . . ἔχων Dionys.Com. 3.13.
      • 2 amount, sum, πολὺς ἀ. χρόνου Aeschin. 1.78; ἀ. τῆς ὁδοῦ X. An. 2.2.6; ἀ. [χρυσίου] a sum of money, Id. Cyr. 8.2.16.
      • 3 ἀριθμῷ, abs., in certain numbers, Hdt. 6.58; but δένδρα ἀριθμῷ ὑμέτερα by tale, Th. 2.72; ἀ. διδόναι Dionys.Com. 3.6.
      • 4 item or term in a series, ὁ δεύτερος ἀ. E. Ion 1014; τρίτον ὠδίνων ἀ. Epigr.Gr. 574; ναῦς πολλοὺς ἀ. ἄγνυται ναυαγίων E. Hel. 410, cf. Arist. Po. 1461b24; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ σώματος points of the body, Pl. Lg. 668d; τοὺς ἀ. ἑκάστου τῶν νοσημάτων Hp. Acut. 3; τὸ καλὸν ἐκ πολλῶν ἀ. ἐπιτελεῖσθαι Plu. Aud. 2.45c: hence as a mark of completeness, πάντας τοὺς ἀ. περιλαβών Isoc. 11.16; τοῦ καθήκοντος τοὺς ἀριθμούς the sum total of duty, M.Ant. 3.1.
      • 5 number, account, as a mark of station, worth, rank, μετʼ ἀνδρῶν ἵζει ἀριθμῷ takes his place among men, Od. 11.449; εἰς ἀνδρῶν μὲν οὐ τελοῦσιν ἀ. E. Fr. 492; εἰς ἀ. τῶν κακῶν πεφύκαμεν Id. Hec. 1186; ξενίας ἀριθμῷ πρῶτʼ ἔχειν ἐμῶν φίλων in regard of friendship, ib. 794; δειλοὶ γὰρ ἄνδρες οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἐν μάχῃ ἀριθμόν have no account made of them, Id. Fr. 519; οὐδʼ εἰς ἀ. ἥκει λόγων she comes not into my account, Id. El. 1054; ἀ. οὐδεὶς οὐδὲ λόγος ἐστί τινος Plu. QConv. 2.682f, cf. Call. Epigr. 25.6 Pf., Orac. ap. Sch. Theoc. 14.48.
      • 6 mere number, quantity, opp. quality, ταῦτʼ οὐκ ἀ. ἐστιν, ὦ πάτερ, λόγων a mere set of words, S. OC 382; of men, οὐκ ἀ. ἄλλως not a mere lot, E. Tr. 476; ἀριθμός, πρόβατʼ ἄλλως Ar. Nu. 1203; sometimes even of a single man, οὐκ ἀριθμὸν ἀλλʼ ἐτητύμως ἄνδρʼ ὄντα not a mere unit, E. Heracl. 997; also ἀριθμὸν πληροῦν to be a mere cipher, Chor. Milt. 66.
    • II numbering, counting, μάσσων ἀριθμοῦ past counting, Pi. N. 2.23; esp. in phrases, ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι τῶν νεῶν to hold a muster of . ., Hdt. 8.7; ποιεῖν X. An. 7.1.7, etc.; παρεῖναι εἰς τὸν ἀ. ib.II; εἴ τι δυνατὸν ἐς ἀ. ἐλθεῖν can be stated in numbers, Th. 2.72.
    • III the science of numbers, arithmetic, ἀριθμόν, ἔξοχον σοφισμάτων A. Pr. 459; ἀριθμῶν καὶ μέτρων εὑρήματα S. Fr. 432; ἀ. καὶ λογισμὸν εὑρεῖν Pl. Phdr. 274c, cf. R. 522c: prov., εἴπερ γὰρ ἀριθμὸν οἶδα E. Fr. 360.19.
    • IV in Philos., abstract number, Arist. Cat. 4b23, Metaph. 990a19, al.; ἀ. μαθηματικός ib. 1090b35; ἀ. οὐσιώδης, opp. τοῦ ποσοῦ, Plot. 5.5.4; ἀ. ἑνιαῖος, οὐσιώδης, ἑτεροῖος, Dam. Pr. 228.
    • V Gramm., number, Stoic. 3.214, D.T. 634.16, A.D. Synt. 32.2, al.; cf. ἑνικός, δυικός, πληθυντικός.
    • VI numeral, ib. 36.6, etc.; ὁ τέσσαρα ἀ. S.E. M. 7.96; παιδὸς ἀ., = δεκάτη, E. El. 1132.
    • VII unknown quantity (x), defined as πλῆθος μονάδων ἀορίστων, Dioph. Def. 2.
    • VIII Rhet., rhythm in Prose, in pl., D.H. Comp. 23, Dem. 52, cf. Arist. Rh. 1408b29; but also ἀριθμοὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων ποιητᾶν SIG 703.7 (Delph.).
    • IX line of a book, Apollon. Cit. 2.
    • X sum of numerical values of letters in a name, Apoc. 13.17, al.; φιλῶ ἧς ἀριθμὸς φμέ Pompeian Inscr. in Rend.Linc. 10(1901).257.
    • XI unit of troops, = Lat. numerus, CIG 5187 (vi A. D.), BGU 673 (vi A. D.), etc.; = legio, Jul. ad Ath. 280d, Zos. 5.26, PLond. 5.1711.69 (vi A. D.).
    • XII Astrol., mostly in pl., degrees traversed in a given time, Ptol. Tetr. 112, Doroth. in Cat.Cod.Astr. 6.107.30; τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀ. at her normal speed, of the moon, Gal. 19.531; also of degrees of latitude, Heph.Astr. 2.8, 3.1.
    • XIII Medic., in pl., precise conditions, παρόντων τῶν πρὸς τὴν φλεβοτομίαν ἀριθμῶν Herod.Med. in Rh.Mus. 58.71, cf. Aret. CA 2.3, prob. in Herod.Med. ap. Aët. 9.2; cf. supr. I.4. [ῐ E. El. 1132, Ar. Nu. 1203.] (ἀρῐ-θμός from root ἀρι-, cf. ἐπάριτος (q. v.), νήριτος.)

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