Arcas

• Son of Jupiter and Callisto, the progenitor of the Arcadians, after his death placed as a constellation (Arctophylax) in heaven, Ov. F. 1, 470; 2, 190; id. M. 2, 468; 2, 497; Hyg. Fab. 176, and Astr. 2, 4 (cf. Apollod. 3, 8, 2).—
• II An Arcadian; plur. Arcădĕs, um, m. (acc. Gr. Arcadăs, Verg. A. 10, 397), = Ἀρκάδες, the Arcadians.
• • A As the most ancient men, Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 154; Ov. F. 2, 289 al.—
  • B As skilled in pastoral music: Tamen cantabitis, Arcades, inquit, Montibus haec vestris; soli cantare periti, Arcades, Verg. E. 10, 31: Arcades ambo, Et cantare pares et respondere parati, id. ib. 7, 4 (cf. id. ib. 4, 58 sq.; Theocr. 22, 157; Polyb. 4, 20).—Hence, Arcas,
  • C κατʼ ἐξοχήν.
  • • 1 Mercury, who was said to have been born on the Arcadian mountain Cyllene (cf. 1. Arcadia, B.), Mart. 9, 35, 6; Luc. 9, 661; Stat. S. 5, 1, 107.—
    • 2 Parthenopaeus, the son of Atalanta from Arcadia, Stat. Th. 8, 745; 12, 805.—
    • 3 Tyrannus, i. e. Lycaon, grandfather of Arcas (a poet. prolepsis), Ov. M. 1, 218.—
    • 4 Bipennifer, i. e. Ancaeus, Ov. M. 8, 391.—
• III Adj., = Arcadius, Arcadian, Verg. A. 12, 518; Mart. 5, 65, 2; Stat. S. 5, 2, 123; id. Th. 7, 94; Sil. 6, 636.

(Ἄρκας).

1. The ancestor and eponymic hero of the Arcadians, from whom the country and its inhabitants derived their name. He was a son of Zeus by Callisto, a companion of Artemis. After the death or the metamorphosis of his mother [Callisto], Zeus gave the child to Maia, and called him Areas. (Apollod. 3.8.2.) Arcas became afterwards by Leaneira or Meganeira the father of Elatus and Apheidas. (Apollod. 3.9.1.) According to Hyginus (Hyg. Fab. 176, Poet. Astr. 2.4) Areas was the son of Lycaon, whose flesh the father set before Zeus, to try his divine character. Zeus upset the table (τράπεζα) which bore the dish, and destroyed the house of Lycaon by lightning, but restored Areas to life. When Areas had grown up, he built on the site of his father's house the town of Trapezus. When Arcas once during the chase pursued his mother, who was metamorphosed into a she-bear, as far as the sanctuary of the Lycaean Zeus, which no mortal was allowed to enter, Zeus placed both of them among the stars, (Ov. Met. 2.410, &c.) According to Pausanias (8.4.1, &c.), Arcas succeeded Nyctimus in the government of Arcadia, and gave to the country which until then had been called Pelasgia the name of Arcadia. He taught his subjects the arts of making bread and of weaving. He was married to the nymph Erato, by whom he had three sons, Elatus, Apheidas, and Azan, among whom he divided his kingdom. He had one illegitimate son, Autolaus, whose mother is not mentioned. The tomb of Areas was shewn at Mantineia, whither his remains had been carried from mount Macnalus at the command of the Delphic oracle. (Paus. 8.9.2.) Statues of Areas and his family were dedicated at Delphi by the inhabitants of Tegea. (10.9.3.)

2. A surname of Hermes. (Lucan, Phars. 9.661; Martial, 9.34. 6; Hermes.) [L.S]

• Arcadian: rex, Evander, V.—As subst, an Arcadian, C., O.

(Ἄρκας). A king of the Arcadians, and son of Zeus and Callisto (q.v.), from whom Arcadia was supposed to have derived its name (Apollod.iii.8.2).