Paulus

Paulus (Paull-), i, m., a Roman surname (not a praenomen; cf. Borghesi Framm. de' Fasti Cons. i. p. 49, and his Dec. Numism. 4, n. 10) of the Aemilian family, Cic. Lael. 6, 21; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14.

• I L. Aemilius Paulus, a consul who fell in the battle near Cannae, Hor. C. 1, 12, 38; Cic. Sen. 20, 75; id. Div. 2, 33, 71.—
• II The son of no. I., the adoptive father of the younger Scipio and the conqueror of Perseus, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; id. Sen. 6, 15. —
• III Q. Paulus Fabius Maximus, a consul A. U. C. 743, Front. Aquaed. 100.—
• IV Julius Paulus, a celebrated jurist under Alexander Severus, a colleague of Papinian, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26.—
• V Paul, Christian name of Saul of Tarsus, the apostle to the Gentiles, author of many epistles to the Churches, Vulg. Act. passim.—
• VI Sergius Paulus, proconsul in Cyprus, Vulg. Act. 13, 7.—Hence,
• • A Paulĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Paulian: Pauliana victoria, the victory of L. Aemilius Paulus over Perseus, Val. Max. 8, 11, 1: Pauliana responsa, of the jurist J. Paulus, Dig. praef. ad Antecess. § 5.—
  • B Paulī-nus (Paull-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Pauline, only as a Roman surname.—Subst.
  • • 1 Paulīnus, i, m.: C. Suetonius Paulinus, Tac. A. 14, 29.—
    • 2 Paulīna, ae, f.: Lollia Paulina, wife of the emperor Caligula, Suet. Calig. 25; Tac. A. 12, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.

2. Paulus (Paullus), ein röm. Beiname, bes. der ämilischen Familie, aus der am bekanntesten L. Aemil. Paulus Macedonicus, der Besieger des Perseus (der leibliche Vater des P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus minor), u. dessen Vater L. Aemilius Paulus, der in der Schlacht bei Kannä befehligte u. fiel, s. Orelli Onomast. Tull. 2. p. 16 sqq.: Plur. Pauli, Männer wie Paulus, Cic. de amic. 21. – Iul. Paulus, ein Jurist, Schüler des Papinianus, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26, 5. – Paulus Diaconus, Epitomator des Festus. – Dav. Pauliānus, a, um, paulianisch, victoria, des L. Äm. Paulus Maced. (s. oben), Val. Max.: responsum, des Juristen Paulus, ICt.: ebenso actio, ICt.

2 Paulus (10) (Paull-), ī, m. , surnom romain, surtout dans la gens Æmilia ; not^t Paul Émile, tué à la bataille de Cannes et son fils, vainqueur de Persée : Cic. , Liv.

Paulus

(Παῦλος). The name of several Greek writers. (1) Aeginēta, a celebrated medical writer, of whose personal history nothing is known except that he was born in Aegina, and that he travelled a good deal, visiting, among other places, Alexandria. He probably lived in the latter half of the seventh century after Christ. He wrote several medical works in Greek, of which the principal one is still extant, with no exact title, but commonly called De Re Medica Libri Septem. This work is chiefly a compilation from former writers. The Greek text has been edited by Brian (Paris, 1855). There is an English translation by Adams (London, 1834 foll.).

(2) Of Alexandria, wrote, in A.D. 278, an introduction to Astrology (Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὴν ἀποτελεσματικήν), which has come down to us, edited by Schatus or Schato (Wittenberg, 1586).

(3) Of Samosata, a celebrated heresiarch of the third century, was made bishop of Antioch, about A.D. 260. He was condemned and deposed by a council held in 269. Paulus denied the distinct personality of the Son of God, and maintained that the Word came and dwelt in the man Jesus.

(4) Silentiarius, so called, because he was chief of the silentiarii, or secretaries of the emperor Justinian. He wrote various poems, of which the following are extant: (a) A Description of the Church of St. Sophia (Ἔκφρασις τοῦ ναοῦ τῆς ἁγίας Σοφίας), consisting of 1029 verses, of which the first 134 are iambic, the rest hexameter. This poem gives a clear and graphic description of the superb structure which forms its subject, and was recited by its author at the second dedication of the church (A.D. 562), after the restoration of the dome, which had fallen in. Edited by Graefe (Leipzig, 1822) and by Bekker (Bonn, 1837), in the Bonn edition of the Byzantine historians. (b) A Description of the Pulpit (Ἔκφρασις τοῦ ἄμβωνος), consisting of 304 verses, a supplement to the former poem. It is printed in the editions mentioned above. (c) Epigrams, 83 in all, given in the Anthologia. Among these is a poem on the Pythian Baths (Εἰς τὰ ἐν Πυθίοις θέρμα).

Paulus

or Paullus, Aemilius. (1) Marcus, consul B.C. 302, and magister equitum to the dictator Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus in 301.

(2) Marcus, consul 255 with Ser. Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior, about the middle of the First Punic War.

(3) Lucius, son of No. 2, consul B.C. 219, when he conquered Demetrius off the island of Pharos in the Adriatic, and compelled him to fly for refuge to Philip, king of Macedonia. He was consul a second time in 216 with C. Terentius Varro. This was the year of the memorable defeat at Cannae. (See Hannibal.) The battle was fought against the advice of Paulus; and he was one of the many distinguished Romans who perished in the engagement, refusing to fly from the field when a tribune of the soldiers offered him his horse. Hence we find in Horace (Carm. i. 12) animaeque magnae prodigum Paulum, superante Poeno. Paulus was a stanch adherent of the aristocracy, and was raised to the consulship by the latter party to counterbalance the influence of the plebeian Terentius Varro.

(4) Lucius, afterwards surnamed Macedonĭcus, son of the last, was born about 230 or 229, since at the time of his second consulship (168) he was upwards of sixty years of age. He was one of the best specimens of the high Roman nobles. He would not condescend to flatter the people for the offices of the State, maintained with strictness severe discipline in the army, was deeply skilled in the law of the augurs, to whose college he belonged, and maintained throughout life a pure and unspotted character. He was elected curule aedile in B.C. 192; was praetor in 191, and obtained Further Spain as his province, where he carried on war with the Lusitani; and was consul in 181, when he conquered the Ingauni, a Ligurian people. For the next thirteen years he lived quietly at Rome, devoting most of his time to the education of his children. He was consul a second time in 168, and brought the war against Perseus to a conclusion by the defeat of the Macedonian monarch, near Pydna, on the 22d of June. Perseus shortly afterwards surrendered himself to Paulus. (See Perseus.) Paulus remained in Macedonia during the greater part of the following year as proconsul, and arranged the affairs of Macedonia in conjunction with ten Roman commissioners, whom the Senate had despatched for the purpose. Before leaving Greece he marched into Epirus, where, in accordance with a cruel command of the Senate, he gave to his soldiers seventy towns to be pillaged because they had been in alliance with Perseus. The triumph of Paulus, which was celebrated at the end of November, 167, was the most splendid that Rome had yet seen. It lasted three days. Before the triumphal car of Aemilius walked the captive monarch of Macedonia and his children, and behind it were his two illustrious sons, Q. Fabius Maximus and P. Scipio Africanus the younger, both of whom had been adopted into other families. But the glory of the conqueror was clouded by family misfortune. At this very time he lost his two younger sons; one, twelve years of age, died only five days before his triumph, and the other, fourteen years of age, only three days after his triumph. The loss was all the severer, since he had no son left to carry his name down to posterity. In 164 Paulus was censor with Q. Marcius Philippus, and died in 160, after a long and tedious illness. The fortune he left behind him was so small as scarcely to be sufficient to pay his wife's dowry. The Adelphi of Terence was brought out at the funeral games exhibited in his honour. Aemilius Paulus was married twice. By his first wife, Papiria, the daughter of C. Papirius Maso, consul 231, he had four children—two sons, one of whom was adopted by Fabius Maximus and the other by P. Scipio, and two daughters, one of whom was married to Q. Aelius Tubero, and the other to M. Cato, son of Cato the censor. He afterwards divorced Papiria; and by his second wife, whose name is not mentioned, he had two sons, whose death has been recorded above, and a daughter, who was a child at the time that her father was elected to his second consulship.

(5) Iulius. A Roman jurist of high repute in the beginning of the third century A.D., contemporary with Papinianus and Ulpian. With the former he was legal assessor to the emperor Septimius Severus. With the latter he was praefectus praetorio under Alexander Severus, after he had been sent into exile by Elagabalus. He was most productive as a legal author, but in literary skill and finish stood far below his two contemporaries. The extracts from his numerous monographs or more comprehensive works form a sixth part of the Digest. Besides these extracts, his Sententiae, a very popular compendium of undisputed principles on the most frequent points of law, has been preserved in a shortened form.

(6) Paulus Diacŏnus. The Latin name of Paul Warnifrid, a Lombard who became a monk at Monte Casino about A.D. 775. He wrote a history of the Lombards; compiled a Roman history largely from Eutropius; and abridged the glossary of Festus which was itself epitomized from the lexicon of Verrius Flaccus. He also wrote ecclesiastical works. His Roman history was in sixteen books, but was subsequently (about A.D. 1000) enlarged by Landolfus Sagax, who drew upon various sources for his additions, especially upon Orosius and St. Jerome. This enlarged work got the name Historia Miscella, by which it is now known. On the abridgment of Festus, see Festus; Verrius Flaccus.