actus

actus, a, um, P. a., from ago.

actus, ūs, m. [ago].

• • I.A The moving or driving of an object, impulse, motion: linguae actu, Pacuv. ap. Non. 506, 17: mellis constantior est natura ... et cunctantior actus, Lucr. 3, 192: levi admonitu, non actu, inflectit illam feram, by driving, Cic. Rep. 2, 40: fertur in abruptum magno mons inprobus actu, Verg. A. 12, 687: pila contorsit violento spiritus actu, Sen. Agam. 432; hominum aut animalium actu vehiculum adhibemus, Cael. Aurel. Tard. 1, 1.— Hence,
  • B Transf.
  • • 1 The right of driving cattle through a place, a passage for cattle: aquae ductus, haustus, iter, actus, Cic. Caec. 26; Ulp. Dig. 8, 3, 1.—
    • 2 A road between fields; a cart- or carriage-way, Dig. 8, 1, 5; 8, 5, 4; 43, 19, 1 al.—And,
    • 3 A measure or piece of land (in quo boves aguntur, cum aratur, cum impetu justo, Plin. 18, 59): actus minimus, 120 feet long and 4 feet wide: quadratus, 120 feet square; and duplicatus, 240 feet long and 120 feet wide, Varr. L. L. 5, § 34 Müll.; id. R. R. 1, 10; Paul. ex Fest. p. 17 Müll. Also a division made by bees in a hive, Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 22.
• II The doing or performing or a thing, an act, performance.
• • A In gen. (so not in Cic.; for Leg. 1, 11, inst. of pravis actibus, is to be read, pravitatibus; but often in the post-Aug. per.): post actum operis, Quint. 2, 18, 1: in vero actu rei, id. 7, 2, 41: rhetorice in actu consistit, id. 2, 18, 2: donec residua diurni actus conficeret, Suet. Aug. 78; so id. Claud. 30: non consenserat actibus eorum, Vulg. Luc. 23, 51.—
  • B Esp.
  • • 1 Public employment, business of state, esp. judicial: actus rerum, jurisdiction, Suet. Aug. 32; id. Claud. 15, 23; also absol. actus, Dig. 39, 4, 16; 40, 5, 41 al.—
    • 2 The action accompanying oral delivery.
    • • a Of an orator: motus est in his orationis et actus, Quint. 9, 2, 4; 11, 3, 140.—
      • b Of an actor: the representation of a play, a part, a character, etc.: neque enim histrioni, ut placeat, peragenda est fabula, modo in quocunque fuerit actu, probetur, Cic. de Sen. 19, 70: carminum actus, recital, Liv. 7, 2: histrionum actus, Quint. 10, 2, 11: in tragico quodam actu, cum elapsum baculum cito resumpsisset, Suet. Ner. 24.—Hence, also, a larger division of a play, an act: primo actu placeo, Ter. Hec. 39: neque minor quinto, nec sit productior actu Fabula, Hor. A. P. 189, and trop. (in Cic. very often): extremus actus aetatis, Cic. de Sen. 2, 5; id. Marcell. 9: quartus actus improbitatis, id. Verr. 2, 2, 6; so id. Phil. 2, 14; id. Fam. 5, 12 al.

āctus, ūs, m. (ago), I) das Getriebenwerden, Sich-Bewegen; dah. die verursachte Bewegung, (mellis) cunctantior actus, langsamer ist die Bewegung, Lucr.: fertur magno mons improbus actu, mit gewaltigem Sturz, Verg.: pilaque contorsit violento spiritus actu, unter heftigem Schnaufen, Lucan.: vox, ut spiritus fluens, aëris est actu sensibilis auditu (dem Gehör vernehmlich), Vitr.: übtr., qui in dies quanto potentior, eodem actu invisior erat, mit dem nämlichen Schube, in demselben Zuge, Tac. hist. 1, 12 (wohl richtiger mit Nipperdey ›auctu‹ zu lesen). – II) das In-Bewegung-Setzen, A) das Treiben des Viehs, quia non veniant pecudes, sed agantur, ab actu nomen Agonalem habere diem, Ov.: quocumque vult levi admonitu (durch leichten Zuruf), non actu (durch irgend einen körperlichen Zwang [den Treibstachel]) inflectit illam feram (den Elefanten), Cic. – Meton.: a) (jurist. t.t.) das Recht, irgendwo Zugvieh od. Wagen durchzuführen, u. der Ort od. Weg, wo man überführt, selbst, die Übertrift, Cic. Caecin. 74 u. ICt. – b) ein Feldmaß als Ackermaß (weil, wie Plin. 18, 9 sagt, in eo boves aguntur cum aratro uno impetu iusto), der Morgen, actus minimus, 120 Fuß lang u. 4 F. breit, Col.: actus quadratus, 120 Quadratf., Varr.: actus duplicatus, 240 F. lang u. 120 F. breit, Isid. – B) das Bewegen des Körpers od. seiner Teile, quanto venit spectabilis actu, Schritt, Ov. hal. 72. – Insbes., die Bewegung des Darstellenden, a) des Redners, der äußere Vortrag (s. āctio no. II, a), Quint. 6, 2, 30 u.s. – b) des Schauspielers, das Gebärdenspiel, sine carminum imitandorum actu, ohne Darstellung der Stücke durch G., Liv.: actus histrionum veris affectibus (minor), die Gebärden, Quint. – dah. meton., α) die Darstellung, Vorstellung eines Stückes od. einer Rolle, fabellarum, Liv. 7, 2, 11: scaenarum, Quint. 5, 10, 9: tragicus, Suet. Ner. 24, 1. – β) der Hauptteil der Handlung eines Stücks, der Akt, Aufzug, primo actu placeo, Ter.: extremum actum neglegere (v. Dichter), Cic.: in extremo actu corruere (v. Schauspieler), Cic.: neque enim histrioni ut placeat peragenda est fabula, modo in quocumque fuerit actu probetur, Cic. – übtr., der Akt, Abschnitt, villaticarum pastionum primus actus, Varr. : extremus actus aetatis, Cic. – C) die Bewegung des Handelnden, die Tätigkeit, das Betreiben, die Verrichtung einer Sache, usque ad extremae vitae finem in actu esse, Sen.: in actu mori, Sen.: in ceteris actibus vitae, Quint.: actus Annibalis speculari, Hannibals Tun u. Treiben im Auge behalten, Iustin. – Insbes.: a) die öffentliche Verrichtung als Amt, der Posten, Trai. in Plin. ep. 10, 28 (37). – u. bes. actus rerum od. forensis od. bl. actus, die gerichtlichen Geschäfte, der Geschäftsgang (Halten öffentl. Reden, Führen von Prozessen, Handhabung der Gerichtsbarkeit, Abhalten von Gerichtstagen), Quint. u.a. – dah. b) = die Verwaltung der Güter und Rechnungen eines Privatmannes oder des Staates, ICt. – c) meton., die verrichtete Handlung, Tat, das Werk, tui actus, Plin. pan.: Herculei actus, Claud.: boni actus, Lact. – u. die Tat = Wirklichkeit, haec ipso cognoscere in actu, Ov. ex Pont. 3, 5, 15: u. actu, Ggstz. cogitatu, Augustin. conf. 9, 4. – d) jmds. Richtschnur bei seinem Tun, Traian. in Plin. ep. 10, 97 (98), 1. – ➳ Dat. actui, Aur. Vict. epit. 16, 5: Abl. Plur. actibus, Quint. 11, 1, 47. – vulg. Abl. Sing. acto, Commod. instr. 2, 39, 20.: Akk. Plur. actos, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 5737, 11.

actus [CL] 1 a right of way (for driving). b cart road. a tenenentum ‥ in quo unus liberum tenementum habeat, et alius communiam pasture ‥, tertius iter et ~um Fleta 272.  b ~us, anes wænes gangweg Ælf. Gl.. 2 act. b (qualified by gen.). c (pl.) Acts of the Apostles. d dramatic action. peccata remittat / actibus aut dictis seu solo noxia sensu! Aldh. VirgV 2826; rex ‥ natu nobilis, quamlibet ~u ignobilis Bede HE II 15; quae laude sunt digna in ejus ~ibus laudans Ib. III 17; differt etiam ‥ siquid in ~u vel in sola tihla consistat (Leg. Hen.) GAS 555; s1183 mores antecessorum et ~us imitari non cessant Diceto YH 17; s1318 constantem in omnibus suis ~ibus se habuit Ann. Paul. 284; in isto ~u intendo duo facere (Kyn.) Ziz. 4; 1384 quociens cogniciones armorum in ~ibus bellicis ‥ ostendere voluerint Pat 317 m. 16.  b genera et species ‥ in yle per potenciam fuerunt que postea ~u generationis prodierunt D. Morley 11 (cf. (v. 3 infra)); a1350 scrutatores ‥ jurent quod ~um eleccionis sine fraude exequentur StatCantab 314.  c Praxapostolon, hoc est ~us Apostolorum Aldh. Met. 2 p. 70; fames ‥ quae in ~ibus Apostolorum praedicta esse memoratur Bede HE I 3; de quo ~uum octavo narratur R. Bury Phil. 15. 203.  d contigit ut tempore quodam estivo intra septa polyandri ecclesie B. Johannis ‥ larvatorum ‥ et verbis et ~u fieret representacio Domini resurreccionis Mir. J. Bev. C 328. 3 official act: a process in court of law; b Parliamentary statute; c study or advancement at university, esp. inception. a arbitrium est ~us legitimus personarum super civili questione et querela quasi in judicio contendentium RegiamM II 2; 1231 ei sicut excommunicato omnis ~us legitimus est interdictus CurR XIV 1358; 1321 debent recordare ‥ consuetudines suas antiquas ‥ quandocumque aliquid in ~u seu questione cadat coram quibuscumque justiciariis quod tangat consuetudines ‥ predictas (Eyre) MGL II 313; 1426 ordinavit suum ‥ procuratorem ‥ ad ‥ testes ‥ producendum ‥ et ad quoscumque alios terminos sive ~us judiciales ‥ procedendum Reg. Cant. I 238.  b 1456 aliquo ~u sive ordinacione per Parliamentum ‥ non obstante (Billa Parl.) Reg. Whet. I 252; 1457 prout in quodam ~u inde in dicto Parliamento facto plenius apparet Lit. Cant. III 226; quod rex [per] decretum parliamenti sui leges suas examinari faciat et cum ~ibus parliamenti per viros ‥ juris peritos collacionari Plusc. VII 19.  c 1269 contingit magistros et scolares ‥ impediri, ita quod ~us scolasticos in quiete ‥ nequeunt exercere (Cambridge) BBC 163; 1330 in ~ibus studialibus proficere J. Mason Ep. 78; 1327 ad omnem gradum et ~um scholasticum ‥ inhabilis habeatur StatOx 130; 1379 in omni ~u qui non est incepcio Ib. 176; 1358 quod nunquam exerceret ~um doctoratus in universitate MunAcOx 209; effectus magister in artibus, cum laudabiliter ~us ipsi gradui incumbentes perfecisset G. S. Alb. II 299; scolastica dogmata cum ceteris ~ibus continue exercentur ad sciencie incrementum Blakman Hen. VI 12; 1527 doctor in sacra theologia in ultimo ~u creatus (Reg. Acad.) Grey Friars Ox. 339. 4 actuality (opp. to potentiality). b (abl.) actually or currently. c form (έντελέχεια). aliquid quod nec ~u nec intellectu dissolvi posset Anselm (Incarn. 4) II 18; cum id quod nihil in ~u rerum est se videre mentiantur Adel. ED 7; cum in ~u rerum subsistentiam universalium querere exiguus fructus sit J. Sal. Pol. 438D; causa quare aliquid quod est in potentia nondum egreditur ad ~um est defectus alicujus conditionis ex parte agentis vel ex parte patientis Gros. 101; mediante calore nobilissime species et forme ‥ de potencia ad ~um producuntur Bart. Angl. IV 1; ~us tripliciter accipitur: uno modo pro forma, secundum quod Aristoteles dicit secundo De Anima quod ‘anima est ~us corporis’, id est forma; ~us aliter sumitur pro operatione, ab hoc verbo ~agere’ dictus, et sic vocatur ab A. ‘~us secundus’[nam forma est ~us primus ‥] tertio opponitur potentie, secundum quod dicit sepe quod ~us et potentia sunt opposita; et sic accipitur pro actualitate, secundum quod dicimus rem esse in ~u, id est actualitate, existendi Bacon Tert. 125; terminata presencia in aere luminis facit ~um lucidum, absencia vero tenebrosum Bad. Aur. 105 (cf. Bart. Angl. XIX 7); ut sue feditatis corrupte intentum sub velamine sanctitatis in ~um produceret Elmh. Hen. V 6.  b c1301 si potencia causaret, idem respectu ejusdem esset ~u et potencia (Quaest. Ox.) OHS XCVI 349; 1338 sacre theologie doctorem ‥ ~u regentem FormOx 102; 1425 omnes servientes mei ~u domestici et commensales Reg. Cant. II 351; 1460 qui ‥ Bononie ~u studet de canonicatu Mon. Hib. & Scot. 454; 1471 cum muris ‥ ~u existentibus (Instr. Sasine) Scot. Grey Friars II 216.  c Deus est ~us purus (Peckham) Powicke Studies 279; Bacon (v. 3a supra); est duplex ~us, primus et secundus Duns Metaph. I prol. 2B.

1 āctus, (16) a, um, part. de ago.

2 āctŭs, (10) ūs, m. (ago), le fait de se mouvoir, dʼêtre en mouvement ¶ 1 mellis Lucr. 3, 192, le mouvement (lʼécoulement) du miel ; [mouvement de chute] Virg. En. 12, 687 ; [dʼune roue] Petr. 135, 8, 5 ¶ 2 en parlant des animaux quʼon pousse en avant : levi admonitu, non actu Cic. Rep. 2, 67, [il mène lʼéléphant où il veut] par un léger appel, sans le pousser ¶ 3 le droit de conduire char ou bête de somme qq. part, droit de passage : Cic. Cæc. 74 ; Frontin. Aqu. 125 ¶ 4 mesure de superficie [cf. explication de Plin. 18, 9 ], arpent : actus minimus Varro L. 5, 34, surface de quatre pieds de large sur cent vingt de long ; quadratus, cent vingt pieds au carré ; duplicatus, deux cent quarante de long sur cent vingt de large || à propos de séries de nombres : Varro L. 9, 86 ¶ 5 mouvement du corps ; action oratoire : Quint. 2, 13, 8 ; 6, 2, 30, etc. || geste, jeu de lʼacteur : Quint. 10, 2, 11 ; sine imitandorum carminum actu Liv. 7, 2, 4, sans pantomime [gestes pour représenter les idées du texte] || fabellarum actus Liv. 7, 2, 11, représentation de petites pièces ; in quodam tragico actu Suet. Nero 24, dans une représentation de tragédie ¶ 6 acte [dans une pièce de théâtre] : Cic. Phil. 2, 34 ; CM 70 ; Hor. P. 189 ; extremum actum neglegere Cic. CM 5, traiter négligemment le dernier acte ¶ 7 action : a) accomplissement dʼune chose : in actu esse Sen. Ot. 1, 4, être agissant ; actus rerum, accomplissement de choses = lʼaction, lʼactivité : Quint. 10, 6, 1 ; Sen. Ira 3, 3, 5 ; 3, 41, 2 ; Ep. 56, 8 ; multarum rerum Sen. Ira 3, 6, 6, accomplissement de beaucoup de choses ; b) acte : tui actus Plin. Min. Pan. 45, tes actes ; in ceteris actibus vitæ Quint. 11, 1, 47, dans les autres actes de lʼexistence ; c) actus rerum Plin. Min. Ep. 9, 25, 3, occupation du barreau ; triginta dies actui rerum accommodavit Suet. Aug. 32, il consacra trente jours à lʼexpédition des affaires judiciaires, cf. Claud. 15 ; 23, etc.; d) manière dʼagir : actum quem debuisti, secutus es Traj. d. Plin. Min. Ep. 10, 97, 1, tu as suivi la marche quʼil fallait ; e) fonctions : ad pristinum actum reverti Traj. d. Plin. 10, 28, reprendre ses premières fonctions.

actus , us. m.
行爲。一出戲。田。岸。動。 — quadratus 四畝地。— hominis 年 紀。— minimus 一百二十尺長乃四尺寬之地。 In actibus collocati 大員。現任者。Actus rerum 辦公事。

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actus , a, um. part. p. (ago.)
Actum agere 畫蛇添足。白费工夫。 Actum est 休矣。無法矣。Actum habere 吿完。Actus furore 甚怒。— reus criminis 吿其罪。— prodigiis 有怪異嚇之。

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āctus (1)

• P. of ago.

āctus (2) ūs, m

• 1 AG-, a driving, impulse, setting in motion: actu inflectit feram: Fertur magno mons actu, with a mighty impulse, V.— Meton., a right of way, right to drive through, C.—Esp., a recital, delivery: fabellarum, L.: carminum, expressive gestures, L.—A part of a play, act: modo, in quocumque fuerit actu, probetur; primo actu placeo, T.: hic restat actus, i. e. this crowning achievement: cognoscere in actu (opp. legere), i. e. to see done, O.

ACTUS

ACTUSa Roman measure of land, which formed the basis of the whole system of land measurement. The word actus sometimes denotes a way between fields, along which cattle could be driven (Dig. 8, 1, 5; 5, 4, &c.). Varro (L. L. 5.34, Müller) asserts that the name of the measure was derived from this, but couples this remark with an absurd derivation of ager: ut ager quo agi poterat, sic qua agi actus. According to Varro, Columella (Colum. 5.1, 5, on the authority of Varro) and Festus, s. v., the actus simplex or minimus was 120 (Roman) feet long and 4 feet wide. The actus quadratus, or simply actus, was a square of 120 feet each way, containing thus 14,400 square feet. Pliny (Plin. Nat.18.9) says of it: actus in quo boves agerentur cum aratro uno impetu justo (i.e. without turning) ; hic erat cxx pedum. Mommsen (Hist. 1.215) explains actus, the driving, to be properly a measure of labour, denoting the half-day's work, with reference to the marked division of the day in Italy by the noon-tide siesta. The jugerum, or yoking, the double of the actus, would thus denote the day's work. This is far more probable than the earlier explanations. The actus furnishes an example of the combination of the duodecimal with the decimal system, its length being twelve times the standard DECEMPEDAColumella (l. c. § 6) says that the Gauls called the actus quadratus, arepennis; but this could only be an approximate identification, for the actus quadratus is somewhat smaller than the great French arpent and much larger than the small arpent. (Compare ACNA; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. Appendix I.)

[A.S.W]

ACTUS

ACTUS[SERVITUTES]

Actus

A Roman measure of length. It formed the basis of the whole system of land measurement. The actus simplex or minimus was 120 (Roman) feet long and four feet wide. The actus quadratus was a square of 120 feet each way=14,400 square feet (Pliny , Pliny H. N. xviii. 9). The actus is an example of the combination of the decimal with the duodecimal system, its length being twelve times the standard decempeda (q. v.). The actus was half the iugerum. In Hispania Baetica, the actus quadratus was called acna (also written agna, and agnua). Cf. Varro, R. R. i. 10. 2.