cohors

cŏhors (or cors; cf. Non. p. 83, 14 sq.; later aspirated orthog. of MSS. chors; cf. the letter C, and Schneid. ad Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3), rtis, f. [Sanscr. root har, rapio; cf. Gr. χορός].

• A place enclosed around, a court, enclosure, yard, pen, etc., esp. for cattle, poultry, etc.
• • • • • α Cohors, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 2 sq.; 2, 2, 9; Cato ap. Fest. p. 146, 29 Müll.; Col. 8, 3, 8; 7, 3, 8; Ov. F. 4, 704.—
        • β Cors, Varr. ap. Non. l. l.; Glaucia ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65 fin.; Col. 2, 14, 18; Vitr. 6, 9; Mart. 3, 58, 12; 13, 45, 2; Pall. 1, 22.—
• II Meton. (cf. chorus).
• • A Lit., the multitude enclosed, fenced in; hence, in milit. lang., a company of soldiers, a division of an army, a cohort, the tenth part of a legion, comprising three manipuli or six centuriae (always written cohors), Varr. L. L. 5, § 88; Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; Veg. Mil. 2, 6; so Caes. B. G. 3, 1; id. B. C. 1, 73; Sall. J. 90, 2; 105, 2; Verg. G. 2, 279; id. A. 11, 500 al.: praetoria, the praetorian or bodyguard of the general, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Sall. C. 61, 3 al.—Hence, trop.: habere scortorum cohortem praetoriam, Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24.—
  • • 2 Opp. legiones, auxiliary troops, allies, Sall. J. 46, 7; Vell. 2, 112, 5; Tac. H. 4, 19; Flor. 3, 21, 18.—
    • 3 A troop of cavalry: centurio cohortis sextae equestris, Plin. Ep. 10, 106 (107) sq.—
    • 4 Per synecdochen, an army in gen.: cohors Inachiae servatrix, Stat. Th. 5, 672.—
  • B Specif., the train or retinue of the praetor in a province: praetoria, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 14, § 36; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 27, § 66; Cat. 10, 10; Tib. 1, 3, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 6; 1, 8, 14.—
  • C In gen., a crowd, multitude, company, throng, attendants (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose): vaga, Cat. 63, 25: gigantum, Hor. C. 2, 19, 22: fratrum stipata, Verg. A. 10, 328; cf. Ov. M. 11, 89; Hor. Epod. 16, 60; Tac. A. 6, 9: amicarum, of courtiers, Suet. Calig. 19; id. Ner. 5; id. Galb. 7 al.: canum, Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 143: oratorum, Gell. 19, 8, 15: sectatorum, id. 13, 5, 1.—Of things: febrium, Hor. C. 1, 3, 31.

cohors (cōrs, chōrs; vgl. Schneider Varr. r. r. 1, 13, 3), tis, f. (aus co + indogerm. ĝhrtí-s zu Wurzel ĝher-, fassen, vgl. hortus u. χόρτος), I) ein rings eingezäunter Ort, der Hofraum, das Gehege, bes. fürs Vieh, der Viehhof, nach den besten Hdschrn. u. Ausgg. Form cohors, zB. Cato origg. 4. fr. 2 (bei Fest. 146 M.). Varr. LL. 5, 88. Varr. r. r. 1, 13, 3 Schn. Ov. fast. 4, 704: Form cors, Glaucia bei Cic. de or. 2, 263. Col. 2, 14, 8 Schn. u.a.: Form chors, Varr. sat. Men. 55 u. 383. Vitr. 6, 6, 1 codd. optt. (Rose cors). Mart. 7, 54, 7 Schn. u.a. Vopisc. Aurel. 5, 1. Augustin. in psalm. 49, 12. – II) meton. (gew. in der Form cohors) eig. der eingehegte, eingeschlossene Haufe; dah. A) der Haufe, die Menge, die Schar, das Gefolge, fratrum stipata, Verg.: cuncta, Schiffsmannschaft, Verg.: amicorum, Curt. u. Suet.: oratorum, poëtarum, sectatorum (Aristotelis), Gell.: canum, Plin.: febrium, Hor.: una de cetera cohorte gallina, Apul. – B) insbes., als milit. t. t., 1) = die Kohorte, der 10. Teil einer Legion, 3 manipuli oder 6 centuriae enthaltend, Caes. u.a. – zuw. cohortes (den Legionen entgegengesetzt) = »Hilfstruppen der Bundesgenossen«, Sall. Iug. 46, 7. Vell. 2, 112, 5. Tac. hist. 4, 19. Flor. 3, 21, 18; später auch v. der Reiterei, centurio cohortis sextae equestris, Plin. ep. 10, 106 (107) sq. – aber c. equitata, mit Reitern untermischte, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 2129. – poet. übtr. = Heer übh., Stat. Theb. 5, 672. – Form cors, Cypr. de laps. 2. p. 237, 17 H.: chors, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 3272: cho(rs), Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 432: cohr(s), s. Bergk Schleudersteine usw. S. 130. – 2) cohors praetoria, a) die Leibwache des Feldherrn, Caes.: so auch eines Königs, cohors regia, Liv.: u. spöttisch, c. scortorum, Cic. – b) das den Prätor in der Provinz umgebende Gefolge, der Stab, die Suite (s. comes no. b, β das Nähere), Cic., Hor. u.a. – ➳ Genet. Plur. immer cohortium, zB. Caes. b. G. 2, 25, 1. Sall. Iug. 46, 7. Liv. 10, 19, 20, chortium, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 3272. Eckel Doctr. num. vet. 6. p. 53.

cohors [CL; v. et. cors] , troop of soldiers. b squadron (naut.). c troop, band, company. d captain. vocibus horrendis stimulans in bella cohortes Aldh. Aen. 68 (Salpix) 2; armatorum ‥ manum fortiorem, quae praemissae adjuncta ~ti invincibilem fecit exercitum Bede HE I 15; 9‥ choortes, hereðreates WW; s1124 bellica ~s his ducibus victualia obsessis conduxit Ord. Vit. XII 39 p. 455; 1176 prime ~tes ab acie imperatoris dividebantur (Lit. Manuelis Imp.) G. Hen. II I 129; Itin. Ric. I 51 (v. clerus 2c); s1265 tercia et posterior cohors, habens cccc satellites loricatos, ‥ ad latebras se convertit Flor. Hist. III 260.  b classicis nautarum ~tibus stipatus Aldh. VirgP 2; s1340 Anglici ‥ naves prime ~tis intrarunt Ad. Mur. 106 (cf. ib. 107: naves tercie ~tis).  c quae [apes] licet horrenda stiparent labra cohorte Aldh. VirgV 659; susceptum in monasterium ‥ fratrum ~ti adsociavit Bede HE IV 22 p. 260; 754 ejus diem natalicii illiusque ~tis cum eo [Bonifacio] martyrizantis insinuantes statuimus annua frequentatione ‥ celebrare ((Cuthb. Cantuar.) ) Ep. Bonif. 111; fraterna cohors venerandi membra parentis / ‥ digno posuere sepulchro Æthelwulf Abb. 399; 956 (12c) quatinus ejusdem monasterii choors ‥ meam regalem donationem ‥ possideat CS 927; si quis hominem twihindum innocentem cum hloðe, id est ~te, occidat (Quad.) GAS 65 (cf. (v. contubernium 2c)); impia, seva cohors, in suppliciis sibi discors, / dampnant dampnati dampnatos D. Bec. 295; angelici cives, officiosa cohors Neckam DS I 224; Ib. IX 109 (v. camelus a); cleri / est preclara cohors H. Avr. Hugh 929; s1348 ubi hastiludia prosequebantur ‥ dominarum ~s affuit Knighton II 57.  d ~s, fifhund cempena ealdor Ælf. Gl.; 9‥ coors, gerefa WW.

cŏhors, (7) tis, f. (cf. hortus, χόρτος), ¶ 1 enclos, cour de ferme, basse-cour : Varro L. 5, 88 ; Col. Rust. 8, 3, 8 ; Ov. F. 4, 704 ¶ 2 troupe [en gén.] : cohors amicorum Suet. Cal. 19, 2, cortège dʼamis ; cohors illa Socratica Gell. 2, 18, 1, lʼécole de Socrate ; cohors canum Plin. 8, 143, meute de chiens ; cohors febrium Hor. O. 1, 3, 31, lʼessaim des fièvres ¶ 3 [en part.] a) la cohorte, dixième partie de la légion : cum reliquis ejus legionis cohortibus Cæs. G. 3, 1, 4, avec les autres cohortes de la légion ; cohors prætoria Cæs. G. 1, 40, 15, cohorte prétorienne ; b) troupe auxiliaire : Sall. J. 46, 7 ; c) [fig.] armée : Stat. Th. 5, 672 ; d) état-major, suite dʼun magistrat dans les provinces : Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 66 ; Cat. 10, 10 ; Liv. 29, 19, 12.

➳ cors Glaucia d. Cic. de Or. 2, 263 ; Col. Rust. 2, 14, 8 ; chors Varro Men. 55 ; 383 ; Mart. 7, 54, 7 || gén. pl. -tium Cæs. G. 2, 25 ; Sall. J. 46, 7 ; Liv. 10, 19, 20.

cohors , ortis. f.
鷄圈。牛圈。隊伍。Famula cohors 衆奴僕。Febrium cohors 屢發瘧。Equestris cohors 馬|兵隊伍。Innuptae cohortes 各夥姑娘。

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cohors rtis (acc.cortem, C.), f

• com- + HER-, a court, enclosure, yard, pen, cattle-yard, O.: habes cortem in Palatio, i. e. your house.—A crowd, multitude, company, throng, train: gigantum, H.: fratrum stipata, V.: impura, villanous mob: febrium, H.— In the army, a company, division, cohort(the tenth part of a legion, or six centuriae, about 360 men), Cs.: cum cohortibus expeditis ire, S.— A train, retinue, body of attendants, staff, suite: praetoria, the body-guard of the governor: praetoris: Metelli: tota tua illa: laudat Brutum laudatque cohortem, H.: cf. scortorum praetoria.—Auxiliary troops, allies, S.

COHORS

COHORS[EXERCITUS]

Cohors

A division of the Roman army. (See exercitus). In the republican age the word was especially applied to the divisions contributed by the Italian allies. Down to B.C. 89, when the Italians obtained the Roman citizenship, they were bound to supply an infantry contingent to each of the two consular armies, which consisted of two legions apiece. This contingent numbered in all 10,000 infantry, divided into: (a) 20 cohortes of 420 men each, called cohortes alares, because in time of battle they formed the wings (alae) of the two combined legions; (b) four cohortes extraordinariae, or select cohorts of 400 men each.

From about the beginning of the first century B.C., the Roman legion, averaging 4000 men, was also divided into ten cohortes, each containing three manipuli or six centuriae. In the imperial times, the auxiliary troops assigned to the legions stationed in the provinces were also divided into cohorts (cohortes auxiliariae). These cohorts contained either 500 men (=5 centuriae), or 1000 men (=10 centuriae). They consisted either entirely of infantry, or partly of cavalry (380 infantry+120 cavalry; 760 infantry+240 cavalry). For the commanders of these cohorts, see Praefectus. The troops stationed in Rome were also numbered according to cohorts. (1) The cohortes praetoriae, originally nine, but afterwards ten in number, which formed the imperial body-guard. Each cohort consisted of 1000 men, including infantry and cavalry. (See Praetoriani.) The institution of a bodyguard was due to Augustus, and was a development of the cohors praetoria, or body-guard of the republican generals. Its title shows that it was as old as the time when the consuls bore the name of praetores. This cohors praetoria was originally formed exclusively of cavalry, mainly of equestrian rank. But towards the end of the republican age, when every independent commander had his own cohors praetoria, it was made up partly of infantry, who were mainly veterans, partly of picked cavalry of the allies, and partly of Roman equites, who usually served their tirocinium, or first year, in this way.

(2) Three, and in later times four, cohortes urbanae, consisting each of 1000 men, were placed under the command of the praefectus urbi. They had separate barracks, but ranked below the body-guard and above the legionaries.

(3) Seven cohortes vigilum, of 1000 men each, were under the command of the praefectus vigilum. These formed the night police and fire brigade, and were distributed throughout the city, one to every two of the fourteen regiones. See vigiles.