culter

culter , trī, m.: a plowshare; a knife, 6.248. (colō)

culter, tri, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kar, to wound, kill; cf. per-cello, clades].

• Orig. a plough-coulter, ploughshare, Plin. 18, 18, 48, § 171 sq.—
• II In gen., a knife; so a vintner's knife, Col. 4, 25, 2; 12, 45, 4; a butcher's knife, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 46 (134); Liv. 3, 48, 5: qui ad cultrum bovem emunt, i. e. for slaughter, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 11; Suet. Tib. 25; Scrib. Comp. 13; a razor: cultros metuens tonsorios, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25: cultrum tonsorium super jugulum meum posui, Petr. 108, 11; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211; a hunting-knife, Petr. 40; Suet. Aug. 19; id. Claud. 13; a cook's knife, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 3 (417); Varr. ap. Non. p. 195, 16: tympanum versatile, in cultro collocatum, placed on the edge, on the small side, perpendicularly, Vitr. 10, 14; in the same sense: in cultrum collocare, id. 10, 10.—Prov.: sub cultro, under the knife, i. e. in extreme peril or distress, Hor. S. 1, 9, 74.

culter, trī, m. (aus *qer-tro-s, v. Wurzel *(s)qer-, schneiden), das Messer, osseus, Col.: lapideus, Vulg.: insbes. das »Winzermesser«, Col.: das »Schlachtmesser«, Plaut. u. Liv.: so bovem ad cultrum emere, zum Schlachten, Varro: das »Küchenmesser«, c. coquinaris, Varro fr.: das »Jagdmesser«, c. venatorius, Petron. u. Suet.: cultri tonsorii, im Zshg. bl. cultri, die Messer, mit denen der Tonsor den Bart zwickte, die Bartschere, Cic. u.a.: cultros admovere capiti, Plin.: cultri tonsorum, Plin. – u. das »Pflugmesser«, die »Pflugschar«, Plin. – in cultro od. in cultrum collocare, auf die hohe Kante, auf die schmale Seite legen (Ggstz. planum collocare), Vitr. – Sprichw., me sub cultro linquit, läßt mich unter dem M. = in den Händen des Plagegeistes, Hor. sat. 1, 9, 74.

culter [CL], ~rum 1 knife; b (used at table); c (used for sacrifice); d (used as weapon); e (fig.). nec culter malas vestis lanugine rasit Aldh. CE 4.7.16; secet unde superflua cultrum/unguibus Wulf. Swith. II 554; Christiani ‥ cum †culcitris [? l. cultris] sive macheris petrinis corticem ‥ in modum crucis frangunt sive scindunt S. Sim. Itin. 58.  b cum cultro tractu prolixo scinde facete D. Bec. 931; cultrorum manici ponantur versus edentes Ib. 2598; paropsidi apposite fragmenta imponens ~ro structorio [gl.: þe voydyng knyfe], fragmentilla et micas prorsus auferat Whittington Vulg. 125.  c ~ri quibus utebantur ad incidendos ac dividendos ‥ artus victimarum Bede Ezra 816.  d ~er, sæx GlC C 969; 9‥ ~er, seax oððe scyrseax ‥, †coarim [? l. cultrum], handseax WW; Hengistus vociferatus est: ‘nimet oure saxes’. ‥ audito vero signo, ocius abstraxerunt Saxones ~ros suos et astantes principes invaserunt G. Mon. VI 15.  e sub mortis cultro positos nos eruit ultro R. Cant. Malch. V 425. 2 coulter of plough. Cf. 2 cultura. unde aratori vomer aut ~er [AS: culter] ‥ nisi ex arte mea? Ælf. Coll. 99; 1135 confirmo ‥ travas quoque suas per totum Austriding iiij ad ~um et vomerem CalCh III 141 (cf. Mir. J. Bev. A 298: assignavit rex ecclesie ‥ de unaquaque caruca, id est, ad ~rum et vomerem, iiij travas de suis frugibus); Neckam NR II 169 (v. aratrum 1a); c1280 si ~er frangatur loco quo dicitur schonke aut vomer loco quo dicitur pate emendet ad custum domini episcopi Crawley 237; 1358 in clavis emptis pro trabibus ‥ carucarum circa foramen ~ri cum ligatura ligandis Ac. Man. Wint. (Silk-stead) ; s1458 mense ‥ illo quo rejungitur ~rum aratro solentque homines exire in agros Reg. Whet. I 317; ~rus, A. a cultur ‥, hoc ~rum, a cultyr WW.

cultĕr, (11) trī, m. , ¶ 1 coutre de charrue : Plin. 18, 171 ¶ 2 [en gén.] couteau : emere bovem ad cultrum Varro R. 2, 5, 11, acheter un bœuf pour lʼabattre ; culter tonsorius Petr. 108, 11, rasoir ; culter venatorius Petr. 40, 5, couteau de chasse || in cultro ou in cultrum collocare Vitr. Arch. 10, 14 ; 10, 10, placer [une pierre, une brique] sur lʼarête [et non sur la face] || [fig.] me sub cultro linquit Hor. S. 1, 9, 74, il me laisse sous le couteau = dans la détresse.

culter , tri. m.
斫刀刀。裂田刀。— tonsorius 剃刀。— coquinarius 庖刀。 Sub cultro relinquere 拾人于險内。Emere boves ad cultrum 買牛以宰。 Sub cultro collocare 安之正直。

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culter trī, m

• 1 CEL-, a knife, butcher's knife: ab lanio cultro adrepto, L.; used in sacrifice, V.: tonsorii, razors: cultros in guttura Conicit, O.: sub cultro, i. e. in extreme peril, H.

CULTER

CULTER(dim. cultellus, Engl. coulter;in Southern Germany, das Kolter;French, couteau;Greek, μάχαιρα, κοπίς, or σφαγίς), a knife with only one edge, which formed a straight line. The blade was pointed and its back curved. It was used for a variety of purposes; but chiefly for killing animals either in the slaughter-house, or in hunting, or at the altars of the gods. (Liv. 3.48; Scrib. Largus, Comp. Med. 13; Suet. Aug. 9; Plaut. Rud. 1.2, 45; Verg. G. 3.492; Ovid. Fast. 1.321.) Hence the expressions--bovem ad cultrum emere, to buy an ox for the purpose of slaughtering it (Varro, de Re Rust. 2.5); me sub cultro linquit, he leaves me in a state like that of a victim dragged to the altar (Hor. Sat. 1.9, 74); se ad cultrum locare, to become a bestiarius (Seneca, Ep. 87). From some of the passages above referred to, it would appear that the culter was carried in a kind of sheath. The priest who conducted a sacrifice never killed the victim himself; but one of his ministri, appointed for that purpose, who was called either by the general name minister, or the more specific popa or cultrarius. (Suet. Calig. 32.) A tomb-stone of a cultrarius is still extant, and upon it two cultri are represented (Gruter, Inscript. vol. 2. p. 640, No. 11), which are copied in the annexed woodcut.

The name cutter was also applied to razors (Cic. de Off. 2.7, 25; Plin. Nat.7.211; Petron. Sat. 108) and kitchen knives (Varro, ap. Non. 3.32). That in these cases the culter was different from those above represented, and most probably smaller, is certain; since, whenever it was used for shaving or domestic purposes, it was always distinguished from the common culter by some epithet, as culter tonsorius, cutter coquinaris. Fruit knives were also called cultri; but they were of a smaller kind (cultelli), and made of bone or ivory (Colum. 12.14, 45; Plin. Nat.13.106; Scribon. 100.83). Columella, who gives (4.25) a very minute description of a falx vinitoria, a knife for pruning vines, says that the part of the blade nearest to the handle was called culter on account of its similarity to an ordinary culter, the edge of that part forming a straight line. This culter, according to him, was used when a branch was to be cut off which required a hard pressure of the hand on the knife. The name culter, which was also applied to the sharp and pointed iron of the plough (Plin. Nat.18.171), is still extant in English, in the form coulter, to designate the same thing. [ARATRUM]

The expression in cultrum or in cultro collocatus (Vitr. 10.10, 14) signifies placed in a perpendicular position.

[L.S]

Culter

dim. cultellus (μάχαιρα, κοπίς, σφαγίς). A knife with only one edge, which formed a straight line, the blade being pointed and its back curved. It was used chiefly for killing animals, either in hunting, in the slaughter-house, or at the altar. The minister, or attendant on the priest, is called cultrarius, since he and not the priest did the actual killing. The accompanying illustration is taken from Gruter (Inscript. vol. ii. p. 640, no. 11). The name culter was also applied to razors, pruningknives, and kitchen knives. That in these cases the culter was different from those above represented, and most probably smaller, is certain; since, whenever it was used for shaving or domestic purposes, it was always distinguished from the common culter by some epithet, as culter tonsorius, culter coquinaris.