Logeion | dirus

dīrus, a, um: (adj.), accursed; portentous; fearful, dreadful, awful, dire, cruel, horrible, freq.; accursed, 2.261; unhallowed, impious, 6.373; foul, carrion, 3.262; wild, furious, ardent, 9.185; pl., dīra (adv.), fearfully, 10.572.

dīrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root dī, to flee; Gr. δέος, δείδω, δεινός], fearful, awful (for syn. cf.: saevus, atrox, ferox, crudelis, trux, furens, furiosus, immitis).

I Orig. belonging to the lang. of augurs; of fate, ill-omened, ominous, boding, portentous: QVAE AVGVR INIVSTA, NEFASTA VITIOSA DIRA DEFIXERIT, IRRITA INFECTAQVE SVNTO, Cic. Leg. 2, 8 fin.; cf. id. Div. 1, 16: tristissima exta sine capite fuerunt, quibus nihil videtur esse dirius, id. ib. 2, 15 fin.; cf.: bubo, dirum mortalibus omen, Ov. M. 5, 550: omen, Tac. H. 3, 56; Suet. Aug. 92; id. Tib. 1, 3, 17: aves, Tac. A. 12, 43; Suet. Claud. 22: alites, Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 4: somnia, Val. Fl. 3, 59: tempus, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: exsecrationes, Liv. 40, 56; 28, 22; Suet. Claud. 12; cf. deprecationes, Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 19: detestatio, Hor. Epod. 5, 89: ritus sacrorum, Tac. A. 16, 8: religio loci, Verg. A. 8, 350 et saep.—Hence, as subst.:
- - 1 dīrae, ārum, f.
  - - - α (sc. res), ill-boding things, portents, unlucky signs: dirarum obnuntiatio, Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29; Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17; 28, 2, 5, § 26; Tac. A. 6, 24 al.; Hor. Epod. 5, 89; Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 117.—
      - β As a nom. propr., Dīrae, the Furies, Verg. A. 12, 845 sq.; 4, 473; Val. Fl. 1, 804; Aur. Vict. Epit. 21 al.; called also Dirae deae, sorores, Verg. A. 7, 324 and 454.—
  - 2 dīra, ōrum, n., fearful things, ill-boding events: in dira et in vitiosa incurrimus, Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29; id. Leg. 2, 8, 21; cf.: me mihi dira precari cogis, to curse, invoke curses on, Tib. 2, 6, 17: dira passus, Vulg. Sirach, 38, 16.
II Transf., of character, dreadful, horrible, terrible, abominable, detestable (so almost exclusively poet.; a very favorite expression with the Aug. poets; in the Ciceron. per. not at all; but cf. diritas, II.): senex dirissimus, Varr. Poët. ap. Non. 100, 30: Dea, i. e. Circe, Ov. M. 14, 278: Ulixes, Verg. A. 2, 261; 762: Hannibal, Hor. C. 2, 12, 2 al.: durum, id. ib. 3, 6, 36 (also ap. Quint. 8, 2, 9): Afer, Hor. C. 4, 4, 42: Amulius, Ov. F. 4, 53: noverca, id. H. 12, 188: pellex, id. ib. 5, 60 et saep.: hydra, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 10: serpens, Ov. M. 2, 651: victima, id. A. A. 1, 334: parens, fell, cruel, id. ib. 2, 383: soror, Stat. S. 5, 3, 84: parentes, Manil. 5, 541.—
- - - b Of inanimate and abstr. subjects: regio, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 5: facies, id. F. 1, 553: dapes, id. ib. 6, 663: venena, Hor. Epod. 5, 61; id. S. 1, 9, 31: Asphaltites lacus, Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71: scopulus, id. 4, 11, 18, § 51: duarum Syrtium vadoso mari diri sinus, id. 5, 4, 4, § 26 et saep.: bellum, Verg. A. 11, 217: nefas, id. ib. 4, 563: sollicitudines, Hor. Epod. 13, 10: amores, Ov. M. 10, 426: superbia, id. ib. 3, 354: quies, Tac. A. 1, 65 et saep.—Poet., answering to the Gr. δεινός, with inf.: dira portas quassare trabs, Sil. 4, 284.—
- B Skilful: in complicandis negotiis, Amm.14, 5, 8.

dīrus, a, um (verwandt mit δεινός v. δείδω), grausig, grauenhaft, grausen-, grauenvoll, unheilvoll, I) als t.t. der Religionsspr., v. ominösen Vorfällen usw., omen, Ov.: alites, Plin.: aves, Tac.: cometae, Verg.: tempus, Poëta b. Cic. – alci dirum est mit folg. Acc. u. Infin. (Ggstz. laetum est), Plin. 32, 17. – subst., dīrae, ārum, f., unglückliche Anzeichen, inter diras haberi, Plin.: obnuntiatio dirarum, Cic.: u. so auch dīra, ōrum, n., Cic. de legg. 2, 21; de div. 1, 28 (29). – II) übtr., grauenvoll, gräßlich, schrecklich, a) v. Lebl.: exsecratio, Verg.: detestatio, Hor.: preces, Verwünschungen, Tac.: religio loci, ehrfurchtsvolles Grauen erregende Heiligkeit, Verg.: nefas, Verg.: facies, Ov.: venena, Hor.: odor, Plin.: funus, zur Schande gereichend, Verg.: grando, Hor. – poet., wie δεινός, mit folg. Infin., dira vel portas quassare trabs, Sil. 4, 284. – subst., dīrae, ārum, f. (Sing. dira, Serv. Verg. Aen. 5, 7), Verwünschungen, diris agam vos, Hor.: contingere funebribus diris signa tela arma hostium, mit Vernichtung drohenden V. berühren = durch Fluchformeln der Vernichtung anheimgeben, Liv.: compositas meditatasque diras imprecari, Tac. – u. so auch dīra, ōrum, n., zB. dira alci precari, Verwünschungen gegen jmd. ausstoßen, Tibull. 2, 6, 17.: u. adv., dira fremens, furchtbar knirschend, Verg. Aen. 10, 572. – b) v. leb. Wesen, grausig, gräßlich, schrecklich, grausam, unheilvoll, dea, Circe, Ov.: Hannibal, Hor.: hydra, Hor.: serpens, Ov. – subst., personif., Dīra, ae, f. = Furia, die Rachegöttin, Verg. Aen. 12, 869: gew. Plur., oft mit dem Beinamen ultrices, Verg. Aen. 4, 473 u. 610; 8, 701; 12, 845. Lucan. 10, 337. Val. Flacc. 5, 445. Sen. Med. 13. Pacat. pan. 42, 3: Dirarum insectatio, quae non immerito ultrices vocantur, Aur. Vict. epit. 21, 3.

dirus [CL] , dire, dreadful: a (of place, thing, or animal); b (of person); c (of utterance, act, or event); d (of emotion). a diro sub carcere Aldh. VirgV 385; dirorum contra morsus rictusque luporum Ib. 1038; quando profectus fueram / usque diram Domnoniam / per carentem Cornubiam (Id.) Carm. Aldh. 1. 9; 723 (10c) sub ~is dentibus salamandri CS 144; sicut carnales ejusdem populi oppressores Aegyptii ~iora nequitiae spiritalis arma designant Bede Hom. II 7. 138; flagris ~issimis diutissime vexatur Abbo Edm. 10; tam ~um virus ut ‥ doloris sensum mors anticipet Gir. TH I 36; sepe columbinum vultum vestit leo dirus Walt. Wimb. Scel. 150. b diri tortores Aldh. VirgV 2223; dum tollunt dirae librorum lumina Parcae Id. Aen. 89 (Arca libraria) 5; ~e Parce, i. contrarii doctores, vel reþre, wylfenne GlH D 554; fortibus erat ~us, humilibus erat mitis Dominic V. Ecgwini I 4. c dirae post funera stragis Aldh. VirgV 1358; ~a antistitis praesagia ‥ impleta sunt Bede HE III 14; 933 ~is obscenae horrendaeque mortalitatis circumsepta latratibus CS 694; ~a clade Wulf. Æthelwold 29; Devizes 37v (v. durus 3a); s1225 ~issimo conflictu inter partes confecto Wend. II 285; ~a Dei passio [ME: Godes stronge passiun] AncrR 111; est inter vos conflictus ~us, ~e contrariarum opinionum ‥ collisiones Chaundler Apol. 28. d ringitur et consul dira Pascasius ira Aldh. VirgV 1815.

dīrus, (8) a, um , ¶ 1 sinistre, de mauvais augure, effrayant, terrible, funeste : quæ augur injusta, nefasta, vitiosa, dira defixerit, irrita infectaque sunto Cic. Leg. 2, 21, toute entreprise que lʼaugure déclarera irrégulière, néfaste, vicieuse, sinistre, devra rester nulle et non avenue ; diræ exsecrationes Liv. 40, 56, 9, affreuses imprécations ; nihil dirius Cic. Div. 2, 36, rien de plus funeste || pl. n. dīra, ōrum, présages funestes : Div. 1, 28 ; Leg. 2, 21 || subst. f. , Dira Virg. En. 12, 869, une Furie [qui a pris la forme dʼun grand-duc], v. Diræ, ārum ¶ 2 cruel, barbare, redoutable : dirus Ulixes Virg. En. 2, 261, le cruel Ulysse || dirissimus Poet. d. Non. 100, 30 ¶ 3 [c. δεινός en grec] qui a la force de : dira portas quassare trabes Sil. 4, 284, poutre capable de briser des portes.

dīrus, a, um

1. onheilspellend, noodlottig, huiveringwekkend [cometae; funus; aves; preces vervloekingen; deae of sorores = de Erinyen, Furiën];
2. afgrijselijk, verschrikkelijk [bellum; nefas; fames]; ➤ dira fremere angstaanjagend knarsen; / subst. dīrae, ārum f (ook dīra, ōrum (n) (a) onheilspellende voortekens; (b) vervloekingen: dira alci precari verwensingen tegen iem. uitspreken; Dīrae, ārum f de Erinyen, Furiën.

dirus , a, um. adj. c.
兇惡。可怕者。

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dīrus adj.

with comp, ill - omened, ominous, boding, portentous, fearful, awful, dread: cometae, V.: quibus nihil dirius: mortalibus omen, O.: tempus: exsecratio, L. — Plurn. as subst: in dira incurrimus: Dira canere, O.: dira alcui precari, Tb. — Dreadful, cruel, fierce, fell, relentless: sorores, the furies, V.: Dea, i. e. Circe, O.: Hannibal, H.: mens, V.: hydra, H. — Dreadful, dire, horrible, awful: dapes, O.: venena, H.: bellum, V.: cupido, insane, V.: sollicitudines, H.: superbia, O.: Temporibus diris, in the reign of terror, Iu.—Plurn. As adv.: dira fremens, frightfully, V.

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