patibulum
patibulum, a fork-shaped yoke, forked gibbet
- I Lit.: dispessis manibus patibulum quom habebis, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 7 (360): patibulo eminens adfigebatur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 4, 355 (Hist. 4, 40 Dietsch): caedes, patibula, ignes, cruces, Tac. A. 14, 33; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41, § 90.—Masc.: deligat ad patibulos, Varr. ap. Non. 221, 12: suspende eos contra solem in patibulis, Vulg. Num 25, 4.—
- II A forked prop for vines, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 212; Cato R. R. 26.—
- B A wooden bar for fastening a door, Titin. ap. Non. 366, 16.
patibulum,galga
is ~o agi jussus ‥ ad suspendium nudus ibat
quam [sc. uxorem ] cum pendens a ~o ululantem audiret ‥ proclamavit et ipse
rex Anglie ‥ erigi fecit ~a extra castra ad suspendendos in eis latrunculos et predones
homines mundani pergunt per viam viridem versus ~um [ME: ] et mortem inferniwaritreo
rex ‥ octo falaricatores suspendit in ~o et nonum ‥ rex commisit carceri sempiterno
eculei tormento vexatos et gabuli ~o suspensos
ad ~um cujusdam crucis ante ostium domus
ni citius commilito suus G. reddatur, pontifici et suis suspensionis ~um minantur
si ovicula furto sublata sit ‥ in hujus rei auctorem, si lateat, sententia excommunicationis emittitur; convictus vero ‥ furcarum ~o deputatur
Amalechita suspenso in illo quod Mardocheo paraverat ~o
Aman ‥ paravit crucem Mardocheo et in eodem ~o cito suspensus est
nam et eadem diem [v. l. die ] ~um crucis ascendit et postea in sepulchro est positus
quod ipse praestare dignetur qui pro nobis in ~o pependit
videbatur sibi videre Dominum ‥ crucifixum in ~o
sponte se tradens ~o ad crucifigendum
quis inversis pedibus crucis axus pro reverentia Christi ~o
se ad ~um Dominicae crucis erigens, in indicium supplicis deprecationis extensis palmis
Deus qui pro nobis filium tuum crucis ~um [gl.: ] subire voluistigalgatre
si fortis es, imitare Jesum in crucis ~o
unum clavum de illis, quibus erat Dominus crucis ~o manibus militaribus axus
pro redemptione nostra crucis ~um subiturus
Christus passus patibula
~um, cruciamen
duos scherumbinos stantes a dextris et a sinistris magni ~i pulcros fieri faciatis in predicta ecclesia cum hilari vultu et jocoso
in uno crucifixo cum ~o et Maria et Johanne et duobus angelis ‥
deferri faciat ~um quod est in capella infirmatorii Westmonasterii ad domum ubi predictus magister Willelmus [sc. pictor regis ] operatur
ex ‥ defectu operariorum, major pars ~i super altare cecidit
in cruce ‥ cum dupplici ~o ‥ de cupro deaurato(v.
ego T. episcopus ‥ hanc inpensionem ~i confirmatu addidi
- 1. gaffel;
- 2. dwarshout, dwarsbalk v.e. kruis (gaffelvormig stuk hout dat misdadigers en slaven om de hals werd gelegd en waaraan hun handen werden vastgebonden; de veroordeelde werd vervolgens met dit hout aan een verticale paal gehesen en gekruisigd); ➤ suspende eos contra solem in -is (Vulg.);
- 3. (Mel.) galg.
Patibulum, sera lignea, qua ostia clauduntur. Item crux. Item instrumentum vindemiatorum, scalæ plicatiles.
Statutum est igitur, ut quicumque de furto reus convincetur et comprobabitur,... primum tradendus erit communiæ judicibus, et ab ipsis in Patibulo et in cathena mittendus ; postea michi vel vicecomiti meo reddendus.Nisi sit pro
Pilorium. Vide in hac voce.
O quot Patibula ! quot sunt ægritudines corporis !Vide supra Passio 2.
- 2 PAT-, a fork-shaped yoke, forked gibbet.
PATI´BULUMfrom patere, seems to have originally denoted any beam placed horizontally; as the cross-bar of a door (Titin. ap. Non. p. 366, 16), or of a trellis for vines (Plin. Nat.17.212), or the transverse beam of the cross (CRUXp. 568 a). The word, however, is almost always used of an instrument of punishment, and loosely as an equivalent to crux or furca. According to Marquardt (Privatl. 183), it was a wooden collar in two pieces, opened to receive the neck of the culprit and then closed upon it, while his hands might be bound or nailed to its extremities. This, he admits, is nowhere expressly stated; it is rather an inference from the etymology of the word; and he has produced no passage which does not point more clearly to the furca than the patibulum. (Compare the accounts of the slave driven through the Circus, whereby the games were profaned, in Dionys. 7.69, and Plut. Cor. 24.) Others explain the opening as a fork-shaped piece of wood, such as was undoubtedly used for the same purposes, as a prop for vines and a pillory for the necks of criminals [FURCA]. It is scarcely necessary to prove that patere is often applied to simple lateral extension, to stretch or spread as well as to be open ( Helvetiorum fines... patebant, Caes. B. G. 1.2; qua terra patet, Ov. Wet. 1.241); and on the whole it seems likely that the patibulum was a straight piece of wood, an explanation which covers all its varieties of meaning.
[W.W]A sort of wooden fork used for the punishment of criminals. It was placed upon the neck so that the prongs should project in front, and to these the hands of the culprit were tied fast. In that condition he was beaten through the city (Plaut. Mil. ii. 4, 7). It was probably often a straight piece of wood, the arms then being stretched over from the sides. The word is often roughly used as equivalent to crux. See crux; furca.