tuba

tuba , ae, f.: a trumpet, 2.313, et al.; trumpet-signal, 11.424.

tŭba, ae, f. [kindr. with tubus, a tube], a trumpet, esp. a war-trumpet (straight, while the cornu was curved, Acron ad Hor. C. 1, 1, 23).

• I Lit.: ille arma misit, cornua, tubas, falces, Cic. Sull. 5, 17: tubae et signa militaria, id. Cat. 2, 6, 13: at tuba terribili sonitu taratantara dixit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 842 P. (Ann. v. 452 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 9, 503: tubae utrimque canunt, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73 (225): signum tubā dare, Caes. B. G. 2, 20; so id. ib. 7, 81; id. B. C. 3, 46; 3, 90; Liv. 29, 27, 5 al.; cf. also Caes. B. G. 7, 47; Hirt. B. G. 8, 20: non tuba directi, non aeris cornua fiexi, Ov. M. 1, 98; Tac. A. 1, 68; Luc. 4, 750; 6, 130; 7, 477; Sil. 5, 12 al.; v. Veg. Mil. 3, 5.—Apart from military purposes, it was used on various occasions, as at religious festivals, games, funerals, etc., Varr. L. L. 6, § 14 Müll.; Ov. F. 1, 716; Verg. A. 5, 113; Juv. 10, 214; Stat. S. 3, 1, 139 al.; cf. tubus, II. A.; Verg. A. 11, 192; Ov. H. 12, 140; Hor. S. 1, 6, 44; Pers. 3, 103; cf. Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 20, 2, 3.—
• • B Transf.
  • • 1 A signal for war, war, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 64; id. Laud. Stil. 1, 246; Mart. Spect. 28, 2.—
    • 2 A loud sound: nimborum, i. e. the roar of thunder, Claud. gigant. 60.—
    • • b Sonorous, elevated epic poetry, Mart. 8, 3, 22; 8, 56, 4; 10, 64, 4; 11, 3, 8; Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 197.—
      • c A lofty style of speaking, Prud. contr. Symm. 2, 68; Sid. Ep. 4, 3 fin. —
• II Trop.: tuba belli civilis, i. e. exciter, author, instigator, Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 3: rixae, Juv. 15, 52.

tuba, ae, f. (verwandt mit tubus), I) die Röhre im Druckwerke, die Steigeröhre, Gußröhre, fistula, quae tuba dicitur, Vitr. 10, 7, 2. – II) ein gerades, in eine trichterförmige Öffnung auslaufendes Blasinstrument von tiefem, schmetterndem Tone, die Trompete, Tuba, u. zwar zunächst die Kriegstrompete der Römer, mit der das Zeichen zum Angriff, zum Marsch, zum Aufziehen auf die Wache und zur Ablösung, zur Arbeit und zur Ruhe, sowie auch zur Versammlung gegeben wurde, A) eig. u. bildl.: 1) eig.: tubae sonus, Caes., tubarum sonus, Cic., tubarum cantus, Liv.: clangor tubae, Verg.: tubae rancitas, Plin.: non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi, Ov.: tuba a Graeco inscienter inflata, Liv.: concinunt tubae, Liv.: cornua ac tubae concinuere, Tac.: tubae cornuaque concinuerunt, Liv.: occanere cornua tubasque iussit, Tac.: canere inde tubae simul ab arce, simul a portu et ab navibus, Liv.: tubā signum dandum, Caes.: e muro ex composito tubā datum signum erat, Liv.: non exaudito tubae sono, Caes.: simulac tubarum est auditus cantus, Liv. – außerhalb des Militärwesens gebraucht bei religiösen Feierlichkeiten, Spielen, Leichenbegängnissen u. dgl., Hor., Verg., Ov. u.a. – 2) bildl. = Anstifter, belli civilis tubam quam illi appellant, die T. zum B., Cic. ep. 6, 12, 3: haec (est) tuba rixae, die T. zum Streite, Iuven. 15, 52. – B) meton.: 1) das Kriegszeichen, der Krieg, navalis, Mart. spect. 28, 2: civilis, Claud. rapt. Pros. 1, 65: ante tubam (Kriegsanfang), Claud. laud. Stil. 1, 192. – 2) das Getön, a) nimborum, Claud. gigant. 60. – dah. auch b) erhabene, epische Poesie, Mart. 8, 3, 22 u.a. Claud. in Prob. et Olybr. cons. 198. – c) die volltönende, erhabene Rede, Sidon. epist. 4, 3, 10. Prud. c. Symm. 2, 68.

tuba [CL] 1 metal wind instrument with penetrating tone (freq. used to give signal), trumpet or sim.; b (w. ref. to Last Judgement); c (fig.). moenia solis ~arum clangoribus jussu dei subruta Gildas EB 1; quamvis aere cavo salpictae classica clangant / et citharae crepitent strepituque tubae modulentur Aldh. Aen. 13 (Barbita) 2; in aggrediendo prelia litua acutiora animos stimulant, et in remittendo ~a gravior eosdem resides facit Adel. ED 26; signa militibus per ~as dantur Hon. GA 615D; [musica] dat studiis enarmonicam variisque choreis, / aptam cromaticam ditonicamque †cubis [l. tubis] Garl. Tri. Eccl. 100; tibia fraxinea, tuba cuprea H. Avr. Poems 27. 165; 1338 de v s. pro quadam ~a empta pro navi predicta KR Ac 20/27 r. 1d.; ~a ‥ convocabantur ad concilium, commovebantur ad prelium, et vocabantur ad festum Holcot Wisd. 201.  b sicut in apocalypsin intimatur in septima ~a seu in septima fiala irae Dei complebuntur sermones Dei Theod. Laterc. 24; ut cum ~a novissima totum genus humanum excitans ad tribunal justi judicis advocaverit Bede Hom. II 7. 139; in monte ipso ‥ in die judicii ~as canent quatuor angeli, quorum sonitu mortui suscitabantur Itin. Mand. 64.  c audiamus ‥ quid prophetica ~a persultet Gildas EB 50; c795 vos estis ‥ ~a praedicationis, gladius contra hostes Alcuin Ep. 64; insonuit preco veritatis evangelii ~am V. Birini 17; 1166 apostolica ~a comminationes intonuit, sed nec sic potuerunt fides et ratio excitari J. Sal. Ep. 151 (157 p. 64); erat [Thomas Cantuarensis] preco verbi divini, ~a Evangelii P. Blois Ep. 27. 94A; tuba veritatis / est exosa Walt. Wimb. Van. 116. 2 tube, pipe. tubo, þruh GlC T 320; 9‥ tubo, þeote WW; s1327 tyranni ‥ ipsum [Edwardum] suffocatum ‥ cum ferro plumbarii intense ignito trans ~am ductilem ad egestionis partes secretas applicatam membra spiritalia post intestinas combusserunt More Chr. Ed. II 318.

tŭba, (10) æ, f. (tubus), ¶ 1 trompette, trompe ; [en part.] trompette militaire des Romains : Cic. Sulla 17 ; Cat. 2, 13 ; Cæs. G. 2, 20, etc. || employée aussi dans diverses solennités : Varro L. 6, 14 ; Virg. En. 5, 113 ; Ov. F. 1, 716 || [métaph.] = instigateur : Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 3 ; Juv. 15, 52 ¶ 2 [fig.] a) signal du combat, Claud. Pros. 1, 64 ; Cons. Stil. 1, 192 ; b) bruit, fracas : Claud. Gig. 60 ; c) trompette épique : Mart. 8, 3, 22 ; 8, 56, 4, etc. ; d) discours emphatique : Sid. Ep. 4, 3 ¶ 3 tube, conduit : Vitr. Arch. 10, 7, 2.

tuba , ae. f.
號筒。戰。交戰號令。紀驚人事之詩。— navalis 船號筒。— belli civilis 謆惑國亂者。Inflare tubam 吹號簡。

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tuba ae, f

• a trumpet, war-trumpet: ille arma misit, tubas: At tuba terribilem sonitum procul Increpuit, V.: non exaudito tubae sono, Cs.— Fig., an instigator, stirrer: belli civilis: rixae, Iu.

TUBA

TUBA(σάλπιγξ), a bronze trumpet, distinguished from the cornu by being straight while the latter was curved. Thus Ovid (Ov. Met. 1.98): Non tuba directi non aeris cornua flexi.

(Cf. Vegetius, 3.5.) Forcellini in his Lexicon (s. v. Tuba) is mistaken in supposing that Aulus Gellius (Gell. 5.8) and Macrobius (Macrob. Sat. 6.8), who copies him, intend to affirm that the tuba was crooked. The words of the former do not mean that both the lituus and the tuba were crooked, but that both that kind of trumpet which was called a lituus and also the staff of the augur were crooked, and that it was doubtful which of the two had lent its name to the other. [LITUUS]

The σάλπιγξ or tuba was employed in war for signals of every description (Thuc. 5.10, 6.69-Z2; Xen. Anab. 4.4, 22; Tac. Hist. 2.29; Caesar, B.C. 3.46; Liv. 39.27). Droysen remarks that the only passage in a Greek historian where κέρας appears to be used for a Greek military signal is Xen. Anab. 2.2, 4; and that there κέρατι is interpolated from Cyrop. 5.3, 45. As regards Roman military signals with tubae, cornua and bucina, see EXERCITUSVol. 1. p. 801.

The trumpet was used also at the games and public festivals (Juven. 6.249, 10.214-Z2; Verg. A. 5.113; Ovid, Ov. Fast. 1.716), also at the last rites to the dead (hinc tuba, candelae, Pers. 3.103; Verg. A. 11.191; Ovid, Ov. Her. 12.140), and Aulus Gellius (Gell. 20.2) tells us that those who sounded the trumpet at funerals were termed siticines, and used an instrument of a peculiar form. The tones of the tuba are represented as of a harsh and fear-inspiring character (fractos sonitus tubarum, Verg. G. 4.72; terribilem sonitum aere canoro, Aen. 9.503), which Ennius (Serv. ad Verg. A. 9.503; Priscian, 8.18, 103, ed. Krehl) endeavoured to imitate in the line At tuba terribili sonitu taratantara dixit.

The invention of the tuba is usually ascribed by ancient writers to the Etruscans (Athenaeus, 4.100.82; Pollux, 4.85, 87; Diod. 5.40; Serv. ad Verg. A. 8.516; Clem. Alex. Strom. 1. p. 306), and the epithet ληστοσαλπιγκταὶ (i. e. robber-trumpeters, Photius and Hesych. s. v.; and Pollux, l. c.) would seem to indicate that they were equally famous for piracy and trumpeting. It is probable that the σάλπιγξ was of Lydian origin, and was made known in Europe by the Tyrrhenian pirates. It has been remarked that Homer never introduces the σάλπιγξ in his narrative but in comparisons only (Il. 18.219, 21.388; Eustath. and Schol.), which leads us to infer that although known in his time it had been but recently introduced into Greece; and it is certain that, notwithstanding its eminently martial character, it was not until a late period used in the armies of the leading states. By the tragedians its Tuscan origin was fully recognised: Athena in Aeschylus orders the deeptoned piercing Tyrrhenian trumpet to sound (Eumen. 567), Ulysses in Sophocles (Soph. Aj. 17) declares that the accents of his beloved goddess fell upon his ears like the tones of the brazenmouthed Tyrrhenian bell (κώδωνος, i. e. the bellshaped aperture of the trumpet), and similar epithets are applied by Euripides (Phoeniss. 1376, Heraclid. 830), and other Greek (Auctor, Rhes. 988; Brunck, Anal. tom. 2. p. 142) and Roman writers (Tyrrhenus clangor, Verg. A. 8.526; Stat. Theb. 3.650; Tyrrhenae clangore tubae, Silius, 2.19). According to one account it was first fabricated for the Tyrrhenians by Athena, who in consequence was worshipped by the Argives under the title of Σάλπιγξ (Schol. ad Hom. Il. 18.219; Paus. 2.21.3); while at Rome the tubilustrium, or purification of sacred trumpets, was performed on the last day of the Quinquatrus. [QUINQUATRUS] In another legend the discovery is attributed to a mythical king of the Tyrrhenians, Maleus, son of Hercules and Omphale (Lutat. ad Stat. Theb. 4.224, 6.404; Hyg. Fab. 274; Schol. ad Hom. l. c.); in a third to Pisaeus the Tyrrhenian (Plin. Nat.7.57; Photius, s. v.), and Silius has preserved a tradition (8.490), according to which the origin of this instrument is traced to Vetulonii. (Müller, Die Etrusker, 4.1, 3, 4, 5.)

There appears to have been no essential difference in form between the Greek and Roman or Tyrrhenian trumpets. Both were long, straight bronze tubes gradually increasing in diameter, and terminating in a bell-shaped aperture (κώδων), and often having a horn mouth-piece. They present precisely the same appearance on monuments of very different dates, as may be seen from the cuts annexed, the former of which is from Trajan's Column, and the latter from an ancient fictile vase. (Hope, Costumes of the Ancients, pl. 156.)

The scholiast on the Iliad (l. c.) reckons six varieties of trumpets; but he speaks of metal instruments generally: the first and fifth only are true trumpets with a straight tube; the first he calls the Grecian σάλπιγξ which Athena discovered for the Tyrrhenians; the fifth, a Persian trumpet, from its name καλάμινος, seems to have been straight like a Greek σάλπιγξ, but perhaps slenderer; the sixth, termed by him κατ' ἐξοχὴν the τυρσηνικὴ σάλπιγξ, he describes as bent at the extremity (κώδωνα κεκλασμένον ἔχουσα); but by this we must unquestionably understand the sacred trumpet (ἱερατικὴ σάλπιγξ, Lydus, de Mens. 4.6), the lituus already noticed at the beginning of this article. (Compare Lucan (Luc. 1.431.) Of the others, the second and fourth are not Greek and are of unknown form; the third is a κάρνυξ, which was a smaller Gallic trumpet, somewhat bent like the lituus, and ornamented with the head of some animal. (See Cohen, Méd. Cons. 19.3.) Reference may be made for further details to Droysen, Gr. Kriegsalterth. 54; Marquardt, Staatsverw. 2.552; K. von Jan, in Baumeister, Denkmäler, 1657-1662.

[W.S] [G.E.M]

Tuba

(σάλπιγξ). The Latin name for a straight wind-instrument of deep, clangorous sound, which was used at sacrifices, games, funerals, and in war among the infantry to give the signal for attack and retreat, and was blown by the tubicen. See lituus; salpinx; and cf. cornu.