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δύω

δύω, δύω/δύνω, (intrans. and 2nd aor.) enter; get into (clothes/armor); sink into the sea, set (of sun/stars); (trans./causal and 1st aor.) cause to enter or sink (more commonly in compounds)

δύω, v. δύο.
δύω (v. infr.), δῡνω:
  • A causal Tenses, cause to sink, sink, plunge in; pres. only in Thphr. HP 5.4.8 οὐκ ἐν ἴσῳ βάθει πάντα δύοντες τῆς θαλάσσης: aor. 1 ἔδῡσα (ἐξ-) Od. 14.341; cf. the compds. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, κατα-δύω.
  • B non-causal, get or go into, c. acc.: pres. δύω (v. I.4); more freq. δύνω Il. 17.202, Hes. Op. 616, S. Ph. 1331, etc.; Ep. impf. δῦνον Il. 11.268: aor. ἔδῡνα Batr. 245, part. δύνας Plb. 9.15.9, Paus. 2.11.7, Ael. VH 4.1, but ἔδῡσα Ev.Marc. 1.32, etc.: more freq. Med. δύομαι Il. 5.140, E. Rh. 529 (lyr.), etc. (also in Att. Inscrr., as IG 2(2).1241): impf. ἐδυόμην Pl. Plt. 269a; Ep. δύοντο Il. 15.345: fut. δύσομαι [ῡ] 7.298, E. El. 1271: aor. ἐδῡσάμην A.R. 4.865, (ἀπό) Nic. Al. 302; Ep. 3 pl. δύσαντο Il. 23.739, opt. δυσαίατο prob. in 18.376 (Prose and Com. in Compds.); Hom. mostly uses the Ep. forms ἐδύσεο, ἐδύσετο, imper. δύσεο 19.36, Hes. Sc. 108, part. δυσόμενος (in pres.sense) Od. 1.24, Hes. Op. 384: more freq. aor. ἔδυν (as if from *δῦμι) Il. 11.63, etc.; 3 dual ἐδύτην [ῡ] 10.254; 1 pl. ἔδῡμεν S. Fr. 367; ἔδῡτε Od. 24.106; ἔδῡσαν, Ep. ἔδυν Il. 11.263; Ion. 3 sg. δύσκεν 8.271; imper. δῦθι, δῦτε, 16.64, 18.140; subj. δύω [ῡ] 6.340, 22.99, but δύῃ [ῠ] Hes. Op. 728; Ep. opt. δύη [ῡ] (for δυίη) Od. 18.348; inf. δῦναι Il. 10.221, Att., Ep. δύμεναι [ῡ] 14.63, ἐκ-δῦμεν 16.99; part. δύς, δῦσα, Hdt. 8.8: pf. δέδῡκα Il. 5.811, Sapph. 52, Pl. Phd. 116e; Dor. inf. δεδυκεῖν [ῡ] Theoc. 1.102:—Pass., fut. and aor. δῠθήσομαι, ἐδύθην [ῠ], and a pf. δέδῠμαι only in compds., v. ἀποδύω, ἐκδύω, ἐνδύω. [ῠ in δύω in pres. and impf. Act. and Med., Hom.; but A.R. has δῡομαι, δῡετο 1.581, part. δῡόμενος ib. 925, Call. Epigr. 20 Pf.; δῡεται Nonn. D. 7.286; ἐκ-δέδῠκας AP 5.72 (Rufin.).]
    • I of Places or Countries, enter, make oneʼs way into, in Hom. the most freq. use, εἰ . . κε πύλας καὶ τείχεα δύω (aor. 2) Il. 22.99; πόλιν δύσεσθαι Od. 7.18; ἔδυ νέφεα plunged into the clouds, of a star, Il. 11.63; δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον plunge into the lap of Ocean, 18.140; γαῖαν ἐδύτην went beneath the earth, i.e. died, 6.19, cf. 411, etc.; πόλεμον δύμεναι plunge into . ., 14.63; θεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα 7.298; ἐδύσετο οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν 20.379; δύσεο δὲ μνηστῆρας go in to them, Od. 17.276; rarely in Trag., αἰθέρα δ. S. Aj. 1192 (lyr.), cf. E. El. 1271.
      • 2 in Ep. less freq. with Preps., ἔδυν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω Il. 11.263; δύσομαι εἰς Ἀΐδαο Od. 12.383; ἐς πόντον ἐδύσετο 5.352; δέρτρον ἔσω δύνοντες 11.579; δύσεθʼ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα Il. 6.136; ὑπὸ κῦμα θαλάσσης αὐτίκʼ ἔδυσαν 18.145; κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται slinks into the fold, 5.140; καθʼ ὅμιλον ἔδυ Τρώων 3.36 (rarely c. gen., κατὰ σπείους κοίλοιο δέδυκεν Od. 12.93); πάϊς ὣς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα he got himself unto Ajax, i.e. got behind his shield, Il. 8.271; βέλος δʼ εἰς ἐγκέφαλον δῦ ib. 85; ἀκίδες δεδυκυῖαι διὰ φλεβῶν Plu. Crass. 25; in Prose and Trag. mostly with a Prep. (but δυόμενοι abs., diving, Th. 7.25), δῦναι ἐς θάλασσαν Hdt. 8.8; ἐς ἄντρον A. Fr. 261; ἁρμὸν . . πρὸς αὐτὸ στόμιον S. Ant. 1217; κατὰ βάθος Pl. Lg. 905a; κατὰ τῆς γῆς Id. Phd. 113c, etc.
      • 3 abs., εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος the sword entered his body, Il. 16.340; δύνει ἀλοιφή sinks in (where however βοείην may be supplied), 17.392:—Med., δύου πάλιν Ar. V. 148.
      • 4 of Sun and Stars, sink into [the sea], set, ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ Il. 18.241, cf. Od. 3.329, etc.; ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο 13.35; δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος 2.388, cf. Il. 7.465, etc.; ἀελίω δύντος Sapph. 96.8 L.-P.; so Βοώτης ὀψὲ δύων late-setting Boötes, Od. 5.272; δείελος ὀψὲ δύων Il. 21.232; [σελαναία] δύεν Bion Fr. 8.6; πρὸ δύντος ἡλίου Hdt. 7.149; πρὸ ἡλίου δύντος D. 15.22; δυσόμενος Ὑπερίων (to mark the West) Od. 1.24; ἐδύετο εἰς τόπον [ὁ ἥλιος] Pl. Plt. 269a; πρὸς δύνοντος ἡλίου towards the West, A. Supp. 255: metaph., βίου δύντος αὐγαί Id. Ag. 1123 (lyr.); ἔδυ πρόπας δόμος ib. 1011 (lyr.); δεδυκὸς ζῆν live in retirement, Pl. Lg. 781c.
    • II of clothes and armour, get into, Ἀρήϊα τεύχεα δ. Il. 6.340, etc.; κυνέην δ. put on oneʼs helmet, 5.845; δῦ δὲ χιτῶνʼ 18.416: metaph., εἰ μὴ σύ γε δύσεαι ἀλκήν if thou wilt not put on strength, 9.231; so ἀνάγκας ἔδυ λέπαδνον A. Ag. 218 (lyr.): hence,
      • 2 trans., put on, ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἐδύσετο τεύχεα Il. 3.328, etc.; ὤμοιϊν . . τεύχεα δῦθι 16.64; χιτῶνα περὶ χροΐ . . δῦνεν Od. 15.61; χρυσὸν . . ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ Il. 8.43.
      • 3 rarely abs. with a Prep., ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην 10.272, cf. A.R. 1.638; ἐς τεύχεα δύντε Od. 22.201.
    • III of sufferings, passions, and the like, enter, come over or upon, κάματος . . γυῖα δέδυκεν Il. 5.811; ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον δύη ἄχος κραδίην Od. 18.348; ἦτορ δῦνʼ ἄχος Il. 19.367; ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος 11.272; κρατερὴ δέ ἑ λύσσα δέδυκε madness is come over him, 9.239; δῦ μιν Ἄρης Ares, i.e. the spirit of war, filled him, 17.210; μιν ἔδυ χόλος 19.16.

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