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τιμωρέω

τιμωρέω, to seek, exact vengeance; help to retaliate

τῑμωρ-έω, fut. -ήσω Hdt. 4.119, Antipho 5.87, etc.:—Med., fut. -ήσομαι E. Alc. 733, Th. 3.58: aor. ἐτιμωρησάμην Pl. R. 378a:—Pass., pf. τετῑμώρημαι Th. 7.77, Lys. 25.15: used in med. sense, Antipho 3.2.8, Lys. 7.20, X. Cyr. 7.5.32, and prob. Th. 3.67: aor. ἐτιμωρήθην PMich.Zen. 57.9 (iii B.C.):—
  • to be an avenger, exact or seek to exact vengeance for, avenge, τινι Democr. 261, Hdt. 1.103, 8.144, E. Hec. 749, Pl. Smp. 180a, etc.: abs., Hdt. 1.4: c. dat. et gen., τιμωρήσειν σοι τοῦ παιδός . . ὑπισχνοῦμαι dub.l. in X. Cyr. 4.6.8: c. acc. rei, τ. τῷ ἑταίρῳ τὸν φόνον avenge his slaughter, Pl. Ap. 28c, cf. E. Ph. 935: also τ. ὑπέρ τινος (for τινι) take vengeance for him, Pl. Lg. 907e, cf. Lys. 13.1; ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου ib. 51: c. dat. rei, τῷ θανάτῳ τοῦ πατρός D.H. 4.77: abs., Pl. Lg. 729e:—Med., avenge or seek to avenge oneʼs own relative or friend, πατρὶ πάντα τιμωρουμένης S. El. 349, cf. 399, E. Or. 1117:—impers. in Pass., Λεωνίδῃ τετιμώρηται vengeance has been taken for him, he has been avenged, Hdt. 9.79 (but τετιμωρήσεαι ἐς . . Λεωνίδην must be taken in signf. I.3b, thou wilt have taken vengeance in respect to L., ib. 78).
      • 2 τιμωρεῖν τινα take vengeance on him, S. OT 140; τοὺς αὐτοέντας ib. 107; κελεύειν τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ [τὸν Ἀγόρατον] ὡς φονέα ὄντα Lys. 13.42, cf. 92; Παλαμήδους σε τιμωρεῖ φόνου (v.l. φόνον) is taking vengeance on you for the murder of P., E. Or. 433:—Pass., to be visited with vengeance, punished, Pl. Grg. 525b, 525d, etc.; τετιμωρημένος Lys. 25.15; ὧν ἡμάρτομεν τετιμωρήμεθα we have been punished, PCair.Zen. 495.2 (iii B.C.); ἱκανῶς τετιμώρημαι ib. 639.15 (iii B.C.); εἰς τὸ -ηθῆναι αὐτούς PMich.Zen. l.c.:—this sense is more freq. in
      • 3 Med., avenge oneself upon, exact vengeance from, τινα Hdt. 3.53, 6.138, S. Ph. 1258, E. Hec. 756, 882, Antipho 2.3.11, Th. 1.121, etc.; ὡς . . οὐχ ὅπως τιμωρήσαιντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαινέσειαν τὸν Σφοδρίαν X. HG 5.4.34; Ἑαυτὸν τιμωρούμενος Self-punisher, name of a play by Menander, cf. X. Cyr. 3.1.15; ἀπαγαγών με εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον τετιμώρηταί με εἰσπράσσων δραχμὰς PCair.Zen. 492.7 (iii B.C.): c. gen. rei, τιμωρεῖσθαί τινά τινος take vengeance on one for a thing, Hdt. 3.145, E. IT 558, Lys. 6.31, Pl. Smp. 213d, etc.: also τ. τινὰ ἀντί τινων Hdt. 6.135; περὶ (fort. ὑπὲρ) τῶν πεπραγμένων Lys. 14.2: less freq. c. acc. rei, εἰ μή σʼ ἀδελφῆς αἷμα τιμωρήσεται will visit his sisterʼs blood on thee, E. Alc. 733, cf. Cyc. 695.
        • b abs., avenge oneself, seek vengeance, Hdt. 3.49, 7.8.β, Lys. 13.84, X. Cyr. 5.5.19, etc.; ταῖς ἐσχάταις τιμωρίαις τ. visit with the extreme penalties, Pl. R. 579a; τὸ τιμωρησόμενον the power to exact vengeance, D. 26.4: the crime is sts. added in a relat. clause, τ. εἴ τι . . ἠδίκησαν X. An. 5.4.6; τ. ὅτι . . Id. Cyr. 5.3.30: also τιμωρεῖσθαι ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἑλλάδος exact vengeance for Greece, Id. An. 1.3.4.
    • II esp. in pres. and impf., succour one who has been attacked or has suffered injury, help him to retaliate, τινι Hdt. 1.141, 152, 2.63, 3.32, 65, S. OT 136, E. Or. 718, Th. 1.86, 127, al.; εἰ τύπτοιτό τις αὐτῶν ὑπʼ ἐκείνων τινός, ἐβοήθεόν τε πάντες καὶ ἐτιμώρεον ἀλλήλοισι Hdt. 6.138, cf. Ael. NA 1.4: abs., lend aid, give succour, Hdt. 1.18.
      • 2 of medical aid, τ. τῷ παθήματι relieve it, Hp. Art. 11; cf. τιμωρία II.2, and Gal. 15.494.

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