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ἀντί

ἀντί, ἀντί, instead of

ἀντί, Prep. governing gen.:—orig. sense, over against. (Cf. Skt. ánti ‘opposite’, ‘facing’, Lat. ante, etc.)
  • A USAGE:
    • I of Place, opposite, over against, formerly quoted from several places of Hom., as Il. 21.481 ἀντίʼ ἐμεῖο (where now ἀντίʼ ἐμεῖο, i.e. ἀντία) Τρώων ἄνθʼ ἑκατόν (i.e. ἄντα) 8.233; so ἄντʼ Αἴαντος (i.e. ἄντα) 15.415, cf. Od. 4.115, Hes. Op. 727; but ἀντί is so used in X. An. 4.7.6, IG 2.835 c-l 68; αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων mortises facing tenons, Hero Bel. 97.5; ἀντὶ μαιτύρων in the presence of witnesses, Leg.Gort. 1.40; ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἡμῶν Eudox. Ars 18.
    • II of Time, ἀντὶ νυκτός the same night, SIG 1025.43 (Cos); ἀντὶ ϝέτεος GDI 2561 A 45 (Delph.); ἀντʼ ἐνιαυτοῦ IG 5(2).266.8 (Mantinea, i B.C.); ἀνθʼ ἡμέρας· διʼ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας, Hsch.; cf. ἀντετοῦς.
    • III instead, in the place of, Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι Il. 24.254; ἀντὶ γάμοιο τάφον Od. 20.307; so later πολέμιος ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι Hdt. 1.87; ἀντὶ ἡμέρης νὺξ ἐγένετο Id. 7.37; ἀντὶ φωτῶν σποδός A. Ag. 434; τὸν πόλεμον ἀντʼ εἰρήνης μεταλαμβάνειν Th. 1.120, cf. 4.20, 7.75; βασιλεύειν ἀντί τινος X. An. 1.1.4; also ἀντὶ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπʼ ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων Hdt. 1.210, cf. 6.32, 7.170 (where the usual constr. would be ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι, cf. Th. 7.28, X. Cyr. 6.2.19, etc.); ὀργίλοι ἀντὶ θυμοειδοῦς γεγένηνται Pl. R. 411c: sts. used elliptically, ἦ ʼτολμήσατʼ ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τινι; i.e. ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι, S. Ph. 369, cf. OC 448, Ar. Av. 58.
      • 2 in Hom. often to denote equivalence, ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνήρ he is as good as many men, Il. 9.116; ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος . . τέτυκται a guest is as much as a brother, Od. 8.546; ἀντί τοί εἰμʼ ἱκέταο I am as a suppliant, Il. 21.75, cf. 8.163; so later τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί serves as a bath, Hdt. 4.75; ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον to be as hostages for . ., Th. 2.5; δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων just like bought slaves, D. 17.3; ἀντὶ [πλεύμονος] βράγχια Arist. PA 669a4.
      • 3 to denote exchange, at the price of, in return for, σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδʼ ἀντὶ χάριν . . δοῖεν Il. 23.650; νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον for money paid, Hdt. 3.59; ἀντʼ ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι Pl. R. 371d; ἀμείβειν τι ἀντί τινος Pi. P. 4.17, cf. E. Or. 646, 651; ἀντὶ ποίας εὐεργεσίας; Lys. 6.40, etc.; τί δʼ ἐστὶν ἀνθʼ οὗ . .; S. Ant. 237; ὄνειδος ἀνθʼ ὅτου Id. OC 967; δοίην ἀντʼ ἀνιῶν ἀνίας grief for grief, Thgn. 344; ἀντʼ ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθοῖσι βρύοις A. Supp. 966:—hence ἀνθʼ ὧν wherefore, A. Pr. 31, S. OT 264, Th. 6.83, Ev.Luc. 12.3; ἀντὶ τούτου therefore, Ep.Eph. 5.31; but ἀνθʼ ὧν also for ἀντὶ τούτων ὅτι . ., because, S. Ant. 1068, Ar. Pl. 434; ἀντὶ τοῦ; wherefore? why? S. OT 1021; also ἀνθʼ ὧν ὅτι ἦτε . . instead of being as you were . ., LXX De. 28.62.
      • 4 for the sake of, Pl. Mx. 237a, Arist. EN 1110a21; with Verbs of entreaty, like πρός c. gen., ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε S. OC 1326.
      • 5 to mark comparison, ἓν ἀνθʼ ἑνός one set against the other, compared with it, Pl. R. 331b, Lg. 705b; χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος, i.e. ever-increasing grace, Ev.Jo. 1.16; in preference to, ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντʼ ἀγαθοῦ Thgn. 188; ἀντὶ αὐλοῦ καὶ ἀντὶ κιθάρας ὁ ἦχος ἀκούεται Demetr. Eloc. 71; αἱρεῖσθαί τι ἀντί τινος Isoc. 9.3, D. 1.1, cf. X. Lac. 9.1: even after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ S. Tr. 577; μείζονʼ ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας φίλον νομίζει Id. Ant. 182; so (esp. after a neg.) ἄλλος ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ A. Pr. 467, S. Aj. 444, Ar. Nu. 653; δόξαν ἀντὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἠγαπηκώς Plu. Alex. 42.
  • B POSITION: ἀντί rarely follows its case, as in Il. 23.650, A. Ag. 1277, IG 5(1).1119 (Geronthrae, iv B.C.), AP 7.715 (Leon.); but the Gramm. hold that it never suffers anastrophe.
  • C IN COMPOS. it signifies,
      • 1 over against, opposite, as ἀντιβαίνω, ἀντίπορος.
      • 2 against, in opposition to, as ἀντιλέγω, ἀντίβιος.
      • 3 one against another, mutually, as ἀντιδεξιόομαι.
      • 4 in return, as ἀντιβοηθέω.
      • 5 instead of, as ἀντιβασιλεύς, ἀνθύπατος.
      • 6 equal to, like, as ἀντίθεος, ἀντίπαις, ἀντίδουλος.
      • 7 corresponding, counter, as ἀντίφορτος, ἀντίτυπος.

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