adversus

vulnus adversum accipere
to receive a wound in the front adverso amne
upstream res adversae
adversity ubi nemo hostium adversus eum prodiit
when no one of the enemies advanced against him pietas est iustitia adversus deos
‘pietas’ is just conduct towards the gods

adversus (-um) (-um): (adv.), opposite to , against , to , or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense.

adversus , a, um: turned toward or against; before, in front, opposite, 1.166; opposing, 3.38; against the wind, 12.370; contrary, 2.416; toward, to meet, 6.684; (subst.), adversus, ī, m., an enemy, 9.761; adversum, ī, n.; in adversum, opposite, 8.237; pl., adversa, ōrum, n., misfortunes, accidents, 9.172.

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um,

• , P. a. of adverto, turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).
• • A In gen.: solem adversum intueri, Cic. Somn. Scip. 5: Iris ... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores, Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218: antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 39: dentes adversi acuti (the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54: quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24: L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur, in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19: adversis vulneribus, Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4: judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere, Cic. de Or. 2, 28: cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas, id. Verr. 5, 3: impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt, ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52: adversa signa, Liv. 30, 8: legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant, i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure (by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48: armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes, Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205: qui timet his adversa, the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al.—Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream: in adversum flumen contendere, Lucr. 4, 423: adverso feruntur flumine, id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201: adverso amne, Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33; adverso Tiberi subvehi, Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream: rate in secundam aquam labente, Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse: navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti, Caes. B. C. 3, 107.—Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). —Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου: portus ex adverso urbi positus, Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.: Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case: cum ex adverso starent classes, Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; id. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against: et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus, against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237; in adversum Romani subiere, Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—
  • B In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50: hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1 (899): advorsus nemini, Ter. And. 64: mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae, Cic. Sull. 10: acclamatio, id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16: adversis auspiciis, Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6: adversum omen, Suet. Vit. 8: adversissima auspicia, id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune: ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est, Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.: adversi casus, Nep. Dat. 5: adversae rerum undae, a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Caes. B. C. 3, 107): quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis? Liv. 6, 40: adversus annus frugibus, id. 4, 12: valetudo adversa, i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32: adversum proelium, an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf. 8, 31: adverso rumore esse, to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11: adversa subsellia, on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious: quīs omnia regna advorsa sint, Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.—Comp.: neque est aliud adversius, Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—*
• Adv.: adversē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.—
• adversum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief: advorsa ejus per te tecta sient, Ter. Hec. 388: nihil adversi, Cic. Brut. 1, 4: si quid adversi accidisset, Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13: secunda felices, adversa magnos probant, Plin. Pan. 31; esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., A. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum, id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.—
• Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare): multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo, Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once adversa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—
• • C In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting

• direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).
• • A Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense: ibo advorsum, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29 (285): facito, ut venias advorsum mihi, id. Men. 2, 3, 82 (432): obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi? Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22 (487): adversus resistere, Nep. Pelop. 1, 3: nemo adversus ibat, Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.): solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23 (880): ei advorsum venimus, id. ib. 4, 2, 32 (916); Ter. Ad. 27 Ruhnk.—
  • B Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.
  • • 1 In a friendly sense.
    • • • α Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12: adversus advocatos, Liv. 45, 7, 5: medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum, opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6: adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87: Lerina, adversum Antipolim, id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—
        • β In the presence of any one, before: egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea? Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9 (690): idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before (to) thee, Ter. And. 42: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.): immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi, what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47 (686): de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25: mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur, Titin. ib. 232, 21: utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas, Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad): adversus ea consul ... respondit, Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—
        • γ In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to: repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur, will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8: quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom., id. 7, 32, 8.—
        • δ Of demeanor toward one, to, toward: quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11: te adversus me omnia audere gratum est, i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15: lentae adversum imperia aures, Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 639; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1; Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28: adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines, id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier: sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis, id. ib. 1, 11, 33: adversus merita ingratissimus, Vell. 2, 69, 5: summa adversus alios aequitas erat, Liv. 3, 33, 8: ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos, id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.: beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum, Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely
        • ε of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing: epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior, as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8: quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae, in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—
    • 2 In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8: advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48 (758): advorsum te fabulare illud, against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11 (589): stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem, Ter. Hec. 534: adversum leges, adversum rem publicam, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE, id. ib. 2, 3, 28, § 69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere, id. Phil. 1, 13 al.—In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.: gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt, Caes. B. C. 1, 46: adversus se non esse missos exercitus, Liv. 3, 66: bellum adversum Xerxem moret, Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3: copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum, Liv. 8, 2, 5: adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes, id. 26, 25, 10 al.: T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est, Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.): adversus profusionem in his auxilium est, Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.: frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni, Tac. A. 15, 64.—Trop.: egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure: advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat, Sall. J. 43, 5: invictus adversum gratiam animus, Tac. A. 15, 21: adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens, Suet. Tib. 28: Adversus omnes fortis feras canis, Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to: fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum, Curt. 4, 14: infirmus adversum pecuniam, Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6: inferior adversus laborem, id. Epit. 40, 20.☞
    • • a Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs: egone ut te advorsum mentiar, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9 (690): hunc adversus, Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3: quos advorsum ierat, Sall. J. 101, 8.—
      • b It sometimes suffers tmesis: Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet, Caes. B. G. 6, 33: animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri, Sall. J. 58: animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere, id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. inversus: in Galliam vorsus castra movere, Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. εἰς -δε: εἰς ἅλαδε, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

1. adversus (advorsus), a, um, PAdj. m. Compar. u. Superl. (v. adverto), zugekehrt, I) eig., mit dem Gesichte od. mit der Vorderseite zugewandt, auf der Vorderseite od. gegenüber befindlich, vorliegend, vorstehend, vorn, vorder u. dgl. (Ggstz. aversus, supinus, resupinus, a posteriore parte, a latere), adversus in sedili contra medicum is homo collocandus est, vel sic aversus, ut in gremium eius caput resupinus effundat, Cels.: et adversus et aversus impudicus est, von vorn u. von hinten, Cic.: adversi raedarium occīdunt, von vorn, Cic.: adversos nobis (vobis) stare od. adversis vestigiis contra nostra vestigia stare, adversa nobis (vobis) urgere vestigia, Gegenfüßler, Antipoden sein, Cic.: collis adversus huic (flumini) et contrarius, Caes.: dentes adversi, die Vorderzähne, Cic.: adversa manus, die nach uns zugekehrte = innere Hand, Cic.: u. so adversae palmae, Quint.: facies, Quint.: dah. auch ut aedificii frons aversa sit ab infestis eius regionis ventis et amicissimis adversa, Col.: adverso corpore, vorn aus der Brust, Cic.: adversa vulnera, adversae cicatrices, vorn auf der Brust, Sall., Cic. u.a.: adversi telis figebantur, vorn auf der Brust, Auct. b. Alex.: in adversum os vulneratur, gerade ins Gesicht, Caes. – adversis hostibus occurrere, die Front machenden, in der Front, vorn, Caes.: adversos concitare equos, gegeneinander, Liv.: impetus hostium adversi, Frontangriffe, Auct. b. Alex.: itinera adversa, Frontmärsche, Tac. – hastae adversae cadentes, nach vorn gesenkt, Liv.: hastis adversis, mit eingelegten, Verg. – solem adversum intueri, gerade gegen die S. sehen, Cic.: adv. fulgur, der uns entgegenstrahlende. Suet.: lectus adv., das (der Tür gegenüberstehende) Brautbett, Laber. u. Prop. – adversā viā, geradeaus, Plaut. – in montes adversos, per adversos montes, die B. hinan, Liv. u. Ov.: adverso colle, über die Vorderseite des H., den H. hinan, Caes. u. Sall.: adverso fune subire, das Seil hinaufklettern, Plin.: adverso flumine (amne, Tiberi u. dgl.), den Fluß hinauf, Stromaufwärts (Ggstz. secundo flumine), Caes. u.a.: u. so adversā ripā, stromaufwärts, Liv.: u. adversum amnem subvectus, Verg. – venti adversi, konträre, Liv.: u. so adversissimi navigantibus venti, Caes.: adversis flatibus, bei ungünstigem Winde (Ggstz. secundis fl.), Quint. – neutr. Sing. u. Plur. subst., hic ventus adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, weht entgegen, Nep.: adversa Bastarnae tenent, die gegenüberliegenden Gegenden, Plin. – bes. m. Praep., in adversum, entgegen, Verg. u. Liv., od. gegeneinander, Prop.: ex adverso, gegenüber, Liv. u.a., od. von vorn, Curt. u. Suet.: urbs ex adverso Carthaginis sita, K. gegenüber, Plin.: u. so portus ex adverso urbi ipsi positus, Liv.

II) übtr.: 1) gleichs. als Gegenpart gegenüberstehend, d.i. a) v. Pers., entgegen, gegenüber, Gegner, Gegenpart (doch mehr in Hinsicht des Strebens u. der Tat, als der Gesinnung, dah. oft verb. adversus infestusque, infensus et adversus), adversus alci, Cic. u.a.: u.m. Genet., adversus populi partium, Sall. – adverso Marte, Verg.: adverso senatu, adversā patrum voluntate, gegen den Willen des S., Liv. – Compar., neque (est) testudine aliud salamandrae adversius, Plin. 32, 35. – b) v. Lebl., zuwider, d.i. α) ungünstig, widrig, unglücklich (Ggstz. secundus, prosper), adversis auribus, Liv.: valetudo adv., Übelbefinden, Unpäßlichkeit, Liv.: adv. tempus navigandi, Hirt. b.G.: adv. bellum = δήϊος πόλεμος (Hom.), ein verheerender, mörderischer, Hor.: auspicia adversissima, Suet.: adversā avi, trotz der Warnung der Vögel, Pacuv. fr.: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. b. Cic.: res adversae, Cic., od. casus adversi, Nep., od. fortuna adversa, Verg. u. Nep., widrige Schicksale, Unfälle, Mißgeschick, Unglück. – m. Dat., res plebi adversa, Liv.: annus frugibus adv., Liv.: locus opportunus consiliis an adversus, Quint. – neutr. subst., adversum, ī, n. od. gew. Plur. adversa, ōrum, n., Mißgeschick, Unglück (Ggstz. secunda, prospera), si quid adversi acciderit od. accidisset, Ter., Cic. u. Nep.: precari alci aliquid adversi, Sen.: advorsa eius, Ter. Hec. 388: res humanae semper in adversa mutantur, schlagen ins schlimmere Gegenteil um, Sall.: quis in adversis beneficiorum servat memoriam, Vell. – β) (im Herzen) zuwider = verhaßt, quîs omnia regna advorsa sunt, Sall. Iug. 81, 1. – 2) als dialekt. t.t., dem Begriffe nach entgegengesetzt, das Gegenteil (den Gegensatz) bildend od. bezeichnend (Synon. contrarius; Ggstz. par), Cic. u.a.: opinio, Plin.: adversa virtuti malitia, Quint.: ipsa inter se adversa sunt, Gell. – neutr. subst., aptum, cui ex adverso est ineptum, Augustin. ep. 138, 5: paria paribus referunt, adversa contrariis, gleiche Sätze und Gegensätze einander entsprechen lassen, Cic. or. 65. – ➳ Kompar. adversior, Quint. 7, 1, 11: adversius, Plin. 32, 35: Superl. adversissimus, Caes. b.c. 3, 107, 1. Caes. bei Cic. ad Att. 10, 8. litt. B. § 1. Suet. Oth. 8, 3. Augustin. ep. 93, 2.

2. adversus (advors.) u. adversum (advors.), eig. Partic. v. adverto, in entgegengesetzter Richtung, I) als Adv., entgegen, auf etw. hin, -zu, -los, alci adversum ire, venire, jmdm. entgegenkommen, teils = jmdm. (zufällig) begegnen, Plaut., teils jmdm. (absichtlich) entgegengehen, jmd. abholen (bes. v. den Herrn abholenden Sklaven), Lucr. u. Komik. (s. Brix Plaut. Men. 434. Lorenz Plaut. most. 301. Holtze Synt. 1, 313): u. als Feind, adversus arma ferre, Nep.: adv. resistere, Nep.: postquam nemo adv. ibat, Liv.

II) Praep. m. Acc. (auch dem Acc. Pronom. nachgesetzt b. Plaut., Sall. u. Nep., s. Wagner Plaut. aul. 682. Spengel Plaut. Krit. S. 162. Deder. Dict. 2, 3), A) die Richtung angebend: 1) im Raume, gegen, nach od. auf... hin, advorsum od. adversus clivum, Plaut. u. Caes.: adv. montem, Hirt. b.G.: adv. colles, Caes.: adv. multa oculos attollere (bildl.), Sen.: sed quis est, quae haec me advorsum incedit? auf mich zu, Plaut. – 2) bei der Tätigkeit od. Gesinnung, gegen, wider jmd. od. etw. (jedoch ohne den Nbbegr. des Feindseligen, nur das Entgegentreten zu Angriff u. Verteidigung bezeichnend, Ggstz. pro, s. Liv. 7, 40, 3: Quinctius, quem armorum etiam pro patria satietas teneret, nedum adversus patriam; vgl. Liv. 44, 38, 4; 45, 10, 14), adversus eum venit, trat ihm entgegen, Nep.: ubi nemo hostium adv. prodiit, entgegenrückte, Liv.: adv. quem ibatur, gegen den ausgezogen wurde, Liv.: adv. Romanos fuisse, Nep.: adv. alqm dimicare, Nep.: adversus rem publicam facere, Caes.: adv. alqm stare, Nep. – respondere adv. ea, Liv.: adv. haec Tempani oratio incompta fuisse dicitur, Liv. – so vom Widersprechen, Zuwiderhandeln, gegen, im Widerspruch mit, adversus edictum facere, Ter.: adversus legem, adversus rem publicam, Cic.: adv. senatus consultum, Liv.: advorsum animi tui lubidinem,Ter.: adv. modestiam disciplinae, Tac. – adversus quod, »dem entgegen od. im Widerspruch mit dem, was« usw., Liv. 32, 2, 5: u. ähnl., advorsum quam, Plaut. trin. 176. – u. bei Schutz- u. Heilmitteln u. dgl., quaedam remedia propria adversus quaedam venena, Cels.: haec adv. omnes ictus utilia sunt, Cels.: egregium adv. tempestates receptaculum, Plin. ep.: huiusmodi exercitationes adversum propulsandam vini violentiam, Gell. 15, 2, 6. – dah. invictus, munitus adversum alqd od. alqm, Sall.: fortis adversus alqm, Phaedr.: adversus blanditias incorruptus, Tac.

B) die Lage, den Stand bezeichnend = gegenüber, 1) im Raume, gegenüber, vis à vis, advorsum speculum, vor dem Spiegel, Scip. Afr. fr.: adversus aedes publicas, Liv.: adversus montes, Liv. – 2) gegen jmd. od. etw., a) jmdm. gegenüber = jmdm. ins Gesicht, vor, egone ut te advorsum mentiar? Plaut.: id gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, vor dir, vor deinen Augen, Ter.: dixit me advorsum tibi, in meiner Gegenwart, Plaut.: utendum est excusatione adversus eos, Cic. – b) bei der Vergleichung, gegen = in Vergleich mit, neben, adversus veterem ac perpetuum imperatorem comparabitur, Liv.: quid autem esse duo prospera in tot saeculis bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom., Liv. – c) vom Benehmen, Verhalten, jmdm. od. einer Sache gegenüber, gegen jmd. od. etw., auch in Hinsicht auf jmd., brevior est haec epistula et, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior, Cic.: quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem, usus tuo consilio sum, Cic.: te adversus me omnia audere gratum est, meinetwegen, Cic. – Bes. häufig nach Ausdrücken der pflichtmäßigen Gesinnung, Liebe, Achtung, Verehrung gegen jmd. od. etw., est pietas iustitia adversus deos, Cic.: adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, Cic.: adversus deos impii, Cic.: gratus adv. alqm, Sen.: ingratus adv. beneficium, Sen.: vir adversus merita Caesaris ingratissimus, Vell. – ➳ Arch. Nbf. arvorsum, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196, 25.

1 adversus [CL] , against. b at the expense of. hoc opus adversus querulos defendite scurras Aldh. VirgV 2833; rebellarunt ~us regem Bede HE III 24; qui cum illo prius erant, amodo ~us illum H. Cantor 7v; ~us ‥ tot inimicos Gir. PI II pref.; s1347 (v. advocare 1a).  b hunc hominem detinuit ~us Godricum DB II 278.

2 adversus v. advertere(3)

1 adversŭs ( adversŭm ), [arch. advors- ],

I adv., contre, vis-à-vis, en face : clare advorsum fabulabor Pl. Amph. 300, je vais parler à haute voix en face || adversum ire [alicui ], aller à la rencontre (au-devant) de qqn : Pl. As. 295 ; Most. 897 ; St. 607 ; Amph. 675 ; Cas. 723 ; ou [alicui ] advorsum venire Pl. Men. 445 ; 464 ; St. 299 ; 437 ; Cas. 461 ; [avec idée dʼhostilité] Lucr. 5, 1319 ; Nep. Ages. 4, 6 ; Liv. 27, 2, 9 ; 37, 13, 8.

II prép. [acc.] ¶ 1 en face de, en se dirigeant vers, contre : impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt Cæs. C. 1, 46, 1, ils sʼélancent à lʼassaut de la colline contre les cohortes || porta quæ adversus castra Romana erat Liv. 26, 14, 6, la porte qui se trouvait en face du camp romain || copias adversus hostem ducere Cæs. G. 4, 14, 2, conduire les troupes contre lʼennemi ; bellum, pugna adversus, guerre, combat contre : Sall. , Liv. , Nep. , Tac. ¶ 2 [fig.] contre, à lʼencontre de : adversus rem publicam orationem habere Cæs. C. 2, 18, 5, tenir des discours contre lʼÉtat, adversus legem Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 194, contre (contrairement à) la loi ; adversus nos Aventinum capitur Liv. 3, 67, 11, cʼest contre nous (par hostilité contre nous) quʼon prend lʼAventin || adversus bella munire Romanum imperium Liv. 24, 44, 6, fortifier contre les guerres la puissance romaine || [sans hostilité] en réplique à, en réponse à : adversus ea consulis oratio haud sane læta fuit Liv. 22, 40, 1, en réponse à ce discours les paroles du consul ne montrèrent pas précisément dʼallégresse, cf. 4, 10, 2 ; 8, 32, 9 ; 44, 27, 3 ¶ 3 vis-à-vis de, à lʼégard de, en sʼadressant à : te adversus me omnia audere gratum est Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4, je suis content que tu prennes toute liberté de langage avec moi ; epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 2, ma lettre est plus réservée, sʼadressant au maître des mœurs [censeur]; nec gloriandi tempus adversus unum est Liv. 22, 39, 9, et ce nʼest pas le moment de me glorifier, quand je nʼai quʼun seul auditeur || à lʼégard de, envers : pietas adversus deos Cic. Fin. 3, 73, la piété envers les dieux ; non neglegere quemadmodum nos adversus homines geramus Cic. Off. 1, 98, ne pas perdre de vue la manière dont nous devons nous conduire à lʼégard de nos semblables || en comparaison de [rare] : quid esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Romani ? Liv. 7, 32, 8, quʼétait-ce que deux guerres victorieuses des Samnites en comparaison de tant de succès du peuple romain ? cf. Tac. D. 33.

➳ arch. arvorsum S. C. Bacch. CIL 1, 581, 25.

2 adversus ( advor- ), a, um

I part. de adverto.

II adj. [-sior Plin. 32, 35 ; -sissimus Cæs. C. 3, 107, 1 ; Cæs. d. Cic. Att. 10, 8 b, 1 ] ¶ 1 qui est en face, à lʼopposite, devant : vides eos qui incolunt terram partim adversos stare vobis Cic. Rep. 6, 20, tu vois que ceux qui habitent sur terre se tiennent en partie à lʼopposite de vous [sont antipodes] ; adversis hostibus occurrebant Cæs. G. 2, 24, 1, ils se rencontraient face à face avec les ennemis ; naves nostris adversæ constiterunt Cæs. G. 3, 14, 2, les navires sʼarrêtèrent en face des nôtres ; adverso corpore Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, [blessures reçues] sur le devant du corps, par devant ; adversum monumentum Cic. Domo 146, le devant du monument ; adversa basis Cic. Tusc. 5, 66, face dʼun piédestal ; collis adversus huic Cæs. G. 2, 18, 2, une colline située en face de celle-ci ; advorso colle, en gravissant la pente de la colline [qui fait face à ceux qui grimpent], cf. Cæs. G. 2, 19, 8 ; Sall. J. 52, 3 ; Liv. 2, 51, 7 ; adverso flumine Cæs. G. 7, 60, 3, en remontant le fleuve [en marchant dans le sens contraire du courant] || [expr. adverbiale] a) ex adverso, en face, à lʼopposé : Liv. 22, 4, 4 ; urbi Liv. 45, 10, 4, en face de la ville ; veniens hostis Liv. 28, 14, 19, lʼennemi arrivant de face ; [au fig.] du côté opposé, chez la partie adverse : Quint. 4, 2, 22 ; 6, 4, 14 ; b) in adversum, contre la partie opposée, dans le sens contraire : nitens Virg. En. 8, 237, poussant dans le sens opposé ; subiere Liv. 1, 12, 1, ils se mirent à gravir la pente opposée [à eux] ¶ 2 [avec idée dʼobstacle, dʼhostilité] : adversa acclamatio populi Cic. de Or. 2, 339, les cris hostiles de la foule à lʼadresse de qqn ; Marcellus adverso rumore esse Liv. 27, 20, 10, Marcellus avait contre lui lʼopinion publique ; alicui Cic. Mil. 3, hostile à qqn, adversaire de qqn, cf. Liv. 30, 42, 12, etc.; alicui rei, hostile à qqch., adversaire de qqch. : Sall. J. 66, 2 [gén. J. 43, 1 ]; Tac. H. 5, 13 ; Ann. 15, 63 ; 15, 50 ; adversa patrum voluntate Liv. 1, 46, 2, contre la volonté des patriciens (malgré les...) || per adversos fluctus Liv. 30, 24, 8, en allant (en luttant) contre les vagues ; sævo vento, non adverso Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1, le vent étant violent, sans être contraire || [n. sing. pris subst^t ] : ventus adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus Nep. Milt. 1, 5, le vent [venant du nord] (souffle à lʼencontre de) est contraire à ceux qui partent dʼAthènes ¶ 3 contraire, fâcheux, malheureux ; res adversæ, les événements contraires, le malheur ; adversa fortuna, la fortune contraire (adverse), le malheur ; adversum prœlium, combat malheureux ; adversa navigatio Tac. Ann. 2, 53, navigation (traversée) difficile ; quæ nobis aut prospera aut adversa eveniunt Cic. Off. 1, 30, ce qui nous arrive ou dʼheureux ou de malheureux ; nihil adversi Cic. Tusc. 1, 84 ; aliquid adversi Cic. Tusc. 3, 32, rien de malheureux, qqch. de malheureux ; adversa, les choses malheureuses, le malheur : Fin. 1, 57 ; adversa alicujus, les malheurs, les disgrâces de qqn : Ter. Hec. 388 ; Plin. 8, 90 ; Tac. Ann. 14, 38 ; H. 4, 52, etc. ¶ 4 [en logique] contraire, opposé [pour le sens] : Cic. Top. 47 ; 48 ; referunt adversa contrariis Cic. Or. 65, ils rapprochent des termes de sens opposé.

adversus , a, um. adj. c. s.
對面者 不對者。逆者。— dentes 門牙。Adversa vestigia 脚對脚。地球上下。 Adversa vulnera 前面傷。Manus adversa 手心。Adversae res 逆之事。 Solem adversum intueri 看日頭。Adverso flumine 逆水。

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adversus . praep. accus.
對頭。對面。向。— ire 迎接。— deos 向神。— tabulas 依文契。— eum 對彼。向彼。

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adversus (advor-) (1) adj.with sup.

• P. of adverto, turned towards, fronting, facing, before, in front: intueri solem: adverso sole, in the sunlight, V.: dentes, front-teeth: collis, Cs.: Ibat in adversum hostem, O.: adversi raedarium occidunt, the men in front: in adversum os volnerari, Cs.: procella Velum adversa ferit, in front, V.: adverso colle evadere, directly up the hill, S.: adversi spatiis, facing one another with intervals, V.: adverso flumine, up stream, V.: adversissimi venti, directly ahead, Cs.: pugnantia secum Frontibus adversis, things incompatible, H.—As subst.

adversus (2) ī, m

• an enemy, opponent: vir populi partium, an opponent of the democrats, S. —
• • • 22.

adversus or adversum (advor-) (3) adv.and praep.

• adverto.
• II. As adv.,opposite, in opposition: advorsum ire, to go to meet(him), T.: adversus resistere, N.—
• IIII. As praep.with acc, opposite to, before, facing: paries adversus aedes publicas, L.: vestigia te adversum spectantia, towards, H.—Esp., in the presence of, before, face to face with: adversus populumR.defendere: advorsum pedites hostium, S.: gratum adversum te, in your eyes, T.—To, towards, in answer to: alqm: adversus ea consul respondit, L.—Compared with, in comparison to: bella adversus tot decora populiR., weighed against, L.— Towards, in respect of, against: quo modo me gererem adversus Caesarem: est enim pietas iustitia adversus deos.— Against, in opposition to: advorsum animi tui libidinem, T.: adversum leges, rem p.: adversus se missos exercitūs, L.: quos advorsum ierat, S.