Logeion | certamen

ita vario certamine pugnatum est
thus it was fought with varied success

certāmen, inis, n.: a striving, a struggle; effort, 5.197; combat, emulation, strife, 3.128; battle, war, 8.639; contest, game, 5.286. (certō)

certāmen, ĭnis, n. [2. certo], a contest, struggle, strife, whether friendly or hostile, physical or intellectual; most freq. of a pugilistic contest of any kind; but also of contention in war.

I A contest, struggle in games or otherwise.
- A Lit.: videmusne apud quos eorum ludorum, qui gymnici nominantur, magnus honos sit, nullum ab iis, qui in id certamen descendant, devitari dolorem? Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62; cf. id. de Or. 2, 78, 317: Hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri, Verg. A. 5, 603; cf. Ov. M. 1, 446: luctandi, Quint. 12, 2, 12: saliendi, id. 10, 3, 6: citharoedorum, id. 4, 1, 2: sacra, id. 2, 8, 7 Spald.: quinquennale triplex, musicum, gymnicum, equestre, Suet. Ner. 12; cf. id. Vit. 4; id. Dom. 4: bijugum, Verg. A. 5, 144: quadrigarum, Suet. Claud. 21: pedum, Ov. M. 12, 304: cursus, id. ib. 7, 792; 10, 560: disci, id. ib. 10, 177: Veneris, id. Am. 2, 10, 29 et saep.—
- - 2 Meton., poet., the object contended for, the prize, Ov. M. 13, 129: pecoris magistris Velocis jaculi certamina ponit in ulmo, Verg. G. 2, 530 Heyne.—
- B Trop., a rivalry, contest, struggle, emulation, etc.: certamen honestum (Stoicorum et Peripateticorum), Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68: est mihi tecum pro aris et focis certamen, id. N. D. 3, 40, 94: est alicui certamen cum aliquo de principatu, Nep. Them. 6, 3: certamen honoris et gloriae. Cic. Lael. 10, 34; cf. id. Off. 1, 12, 38; Sall. J. 41, 2; Quint. 10, 5, 5: bona ratio cum perditā confligit. In ejus modi certamine ac proelio, Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25: pugna forensium certaminum, id. 5, 12, 22: eloquentiae inter juvenes, Quint. 2, 17, 8: verborum linguaeque, Liv. 10, 22, 6: laboris ac periculi, id. 28, 19, 14: amicitiae, benevolentiae, id. 37, 53, 7: bonae artis ac virtutis, id. 37, 54, 19: irarum, id. 1, 7, 2; cf. id. 3, 39, 3: conferendi (pecuniam), id. 4, 60, 8: patrum animos certamen regni ac cupido versabat, id. 1, 17, 1; cf. id. 21, 31, 6: leti (inter mulieres Indas), Prop. 3 (4), 13, 19: diu magnum inter mortales certamen fuit, vine corporis an virtute animi, etc., Sall. C. 1, 5; cf. Tib. 4, 1, 37.—Rarely with gen. of adversary: si in virtutis certamen venerint ( = cum virtute), Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 71 Madv. ad loc.—Poet.: mite vini, a drinking bout, Tib. 3, 6, 11.—Also poet.: certamina ponere, syn. with certamina instituere = ἀγῶνα προτιθέναι, to order, arrange a fight or contest, Verg. A. 5, 66; 8, 639; cf. id. G. 2, 530 Wagn.—Of inanimate things: Arboribusque datumst variis exinde per auras Crescendi magnum inmissis certamen habenis, Lucr. 5, 787.—
II Esp., a military strife, battle, engagement, contest, fight, combat.
- A Subject. (diff. from the objective; cf.: proeliam, pugna, bellum, etc.): horrida Romuleum certamina pango duellum, Enn. Ann. 1, 1; 1, 476; 2, 6; 5, 1295; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2; Lucr. 4, 844; Ov. M. 12, 180; Liv. 36, 19, 13: aeterno certamine proelia pugnasque edere, Lucr. 2, 117: fit proelium acri certamine, Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; cf.: proelii certamen, Auct. B. Alex. 16: certamine, with zeal, emulously, earnestly, Verg. A. 5, 197; Curt. 9, 4, 13; Sil. 10, 536; cf.: nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit, not severe, Liv. 21, 60, 7. —
- B Object., = proelium, pugna, etc.: vario certamine pugnatum est, Caes. B. C. 1, 46: erat in celeritate omne positum certamen, utri, etc., id. ib. 1, 70: bella atque certamina, Sall. C. 33, 5: ubi res ad certamen venit, id. J. 13, 4: in certamine ipso, Liv. 2, 44, 11: navalia, a naval engagement, sea-fight, id. 31, 14, 4: classicum, Vell. 2, 85, 2: saevit medio in certamine Mavors, Verg. A. 8, 700 et saep.—Hence.
- C In the post-Aug. histt. for war in gen., Flor. 1, 20; Eutr. 1, 16; Just. 7, 2, 6; 7, 6, 6.

certāmen, minis, n. (2. certo), das Sich-Messen, der Streit, Kampf, um gegenseitig die Kräfte zu messen, 1) das Sich-Messen zweier Rebenbuhler, um einander den Vorrang abzugewinnen, der Wettkampf, Wettstreit, a) der gymnastische, zirzensische, musikalische (griech. ἀγών), musicum, gymnicum, equestre, Suet.: gladiatorium vitae (um das L.), Cic.: luctandi, Quint.: quadrigarum, Suet.: pedum, cursus, disci, Ov.: in id certamen descendere, Cic.: antequam legitimum certamen inchoent (citharoedi), Quint.: poet., certamen (certamina) ponere = ἀγῶνα προτιθέναι, einen W. anstellen, Verg. georg. 2, 530 u. Aen. 5, 66. – b) jede andere Art von Wettkampf, Wettstreit, Wetteifer, arborum, Lucr.: honestum, Cic.: laboris ac periculi, Liv.: honoris et gloriae, Cic.: conferendi (im Beisteuern), Liv.: venire in certamen, Anteil nehmen am W. (um die Schönheit), Ov.: aber in certamen virtutis venire, sich mit der T. im Streite messen, Cic.: est mihi certamen cum alqo de principatu od. de fortitudine, Nep. u. Curt.: proponere certamen eloquentiae inter iuvenes, Quint. – 2) das Sich-Messen zweier Gegner, damit einer den andern besiege, a) der Waffenkampf, der Kampf, das Gefecht, singulare, Zweikampf, Flor.: c. armorum, das Fechten (zur Übung), Quint.: proelii, Cic.: pugnae, Liv. (vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 23, 45, 7). – dah. α) = das Treffen, dieSchlacht, c. navale, Liv.: classicum, Vell.: certamen inire od. conserere, Liv.: cruentum c. edere, Liv.: ubi res ad certamen venit, Sall.: vario certamine pugnatum est, Caes. – β) Kampf = Krieg übh., Flor. 1, 20. Eutr. 1, 16. Iustin. 7, 2. § 2 u. 6. – b) jeder andere feindliche Streit, die Streitigkeit, Rechthaberei (Opposition), die Fehde, die Händel (oft mit Anspielung auf den Waffenkampf), illa certamina animorum (Hitze des Parteistreits), Liv.: verborum linguaeque certamina, Liv.: irarum, animi (der Erbitterung), Liv.: iuris (um das R.), Liv.: pravum certamen notarum inter censores, Cic.: imbuere animis certamen, den Geist der Opposition einsaugen, Liv.: in certamen venire cum alqo, Cic.: instituere sibi certamen cum alqo, Cic.: differri adversus nos certamen, Liv.: est mihi tecum pro aris et focis certamen, Cic. – meton., certamen controversiae, quod Graece κρινόμενον dicitur, der eigentliche Streitpunkt, der zur Entscheidung kommen soll, Cic. de or. 126: ideo (Campania) Liberi Cererisque certamen (Zankapfel) dicitur, Flor. 1, 16, 3.

certamen [CL] , contest, struggle. b combat, battle. c ordeal. d tournament. venit ad extremum virgo certamen Aldh. VirgV 1161; 9‥ ~ine, on geflite WW; W. Fitzst. Thom. prol. 11 (v. cursus 1b); non est corona nisi fuerit difficilioris ~inis lucta Gir. GE II 8. b pacare studens belli certamina saeva Aldh. VirgV 1552; inito ~ine cum hostibus Bede HE I 15; [dux] singulari ~ine proprio capite causam determinare voluit W. Poit. II 12; s1236 rex Scotie ‥ dispositis bellicis legionibus campestri ~ine eosdem est aggressus M. Par. Maj. III 365; in eodem sertamine multos Scotos vita privavit Chr. Kirkstall 128. c quando aliquis homo fuerit accusatus ‥ nec habet idem aliquid ad dandum ante ~en [AS: beforan ceace (v. l. †ceape)] (Quad.) GAS 117. d cum H. ad ~ina solemnitatum [MS: sollempniarum], que apud Pontesiam et Pictavem fiunt, ‥ pergeret G. Herw. 325.

certāmen, (7) ĭnis, n. (certo), ¶ 1 action de se mesurer avec un adversaire, lutte, joute : in certamen descendere Cic. Tusc. 2, 62, affronter la lutte ; certamen saliendi Quint. 10, 3, 6, concours de saut ; certamen quadrigarum Suet. Claud. 21, 3, course de quadriges ; certamen pedum Ov. M. 12, 304, course à pied ; certamen eloquentiæ Quint. 2, 17, 8, joute oratoire ; certamina ponere Virg. En. 5, 66, organiser des joutes ¶ 2 combat, bataille, engagement : prœlii certamen Cic. Rep. 2, 13, les engagements (la lutte) au cours de la bataille, cf. Mur. 33 ; Cæs. G. 3, 14, 8 ; in certamine ipso Liv. 2, 44, 11, en pleine bataille ¶ 3 lutte, conflit, rivalité : certamen honestum et disputatio splendida Cic. Fin. 2, 68, lutte honorable et discussion brillante ; certamen honoris Cic. Off. 1, 38, lutte pour les magistratures ; dominationis certamen Sall. J. 41, 2, conflit pour la suprématie ; certamen periculi Liv. 28, 19, 14, émulation à sʼexposer au danger ¶ 4 [fig.] : certamen controversiæ Cic. Or. 126, point vif du débat.

certāmen, inis n (certo¹)

1. wedstrijd [gladiatorium; quadrigarum]; ➤ certamen ponere een wedstrijd houden; in certamen descendere;
2. wedijver (om: gen.; de) [gloriae]; ➤ certamine summo;
3. strijd, gevecht, treffen, slag [navale];
4. geschil, ruzie, plur. twisten [verborum; (over, om: gen.) iuris over het recht]; ➤ in certamen venire cum alqo;
5. geschilpunt;
6. (Mel.) locus certaminis plaats v.d. openbare terechtstelling.

certamen , inis. n.
打仗。爭賞。爭鬥。賭。危。— vini 爭飲酒。— inire 交手。下塲。Certamina divitiarum 财帛繁瑣。

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, Cura, accuratio, animi contentio. Inscriptio Codicis Carolini, seu Epistolarum summorum Pontificum ad Pipinum et Carolum Magnum, ex Codice MS. Cæsareo apud Lambecium lib. 2. Commentar. de Bibliotheca Cæsarea cap. 5 : Eo quod nimia vetustate et per incuriam jam ex parte dirutas atque deletas (Epistolas) conspexerat, denuo memorialibus membranis summo cum Certamine renovare ac rescribere decrevit. Capitulare 6. ann. 819. cap. 11 : Volumus quidem ut ea quæ superius retulimus, ut unusquisque exinde bonum Certamen habeant, etc. id est, curam. dicitur Balduinus Comes, in subscriptionibus donationis Monasterio Aquicinctino factæ ann. 1096. apud Miræum tom. 2. pag. 1145. Sic dictus videtur, quia Balduinus ille primus erat inter multos viros nobiles, qui simul convenerant ad eam donationem confirmandam, metaphora forte ducta ab eo qui Campionibus decertantibus præsidebat. , Duellum seu singulare certamen, quo rei obscuræ cognitio et veritas innotescebat, ut erat hujus ætatis opinio. Stat. Roberti reg. Sicil. MSS. : Non exigentes in istis cognitionalia ordinare Certamina, quæ in prælatorum, clericorum personis atque et negocia (sic) non possetis communi censura rationabiliter exercere. Nisi Certamen cognitionale, Examen juridicum interpretari malis. Vide Cognitor. , Quod ad illud athletæ ex toto terrarum orbe reciperentur, sic dictum. Nummus Caracallæ Heliopoli in Phœnicia cusus, apud Vaill. tom. 2. pag. 53. præfert : Cert. Sacr. Cap. Œc. Is. Hel. Hoc est, Certamen sacrum, Capitolinum, Œcumenicum, Iselasticum, Heliopolitaneum. Eadem leguntur in Nummo Valeriani ibid. pag. 332. et in nummis Elagabali. De his consule Tristan. Comment. tom. 3. pag. 6. et Spanheim in Epist. 2. pag. 121. et seqq.

certāmen inis, n

certo, a decisive contest, measuring of forces, struggle, strife, dispute, dissension, rivalry, competition: inter clarissimos duces: de urbis possessione: cum alqo: regni, L.: nostrum: certamina domi finita, civil dissensions, L.: inter mortalīs vine an virtute, etc., S.: certamina divitiarum, H.— A battle, fight, struggle, combat, engagement: ubi res ad certamen venit, S.: in certamine ipso, L.: medio in certamine, V.: ita vario certamine pugnatum est, such were the changing aspects of the battle, Cs.: humanum, between men, L.: pari certamine geri, with equal numbers, Cs.: pugnae, O.: navale, V.: non temptato certamine, L.: me in certamina poscere, challenge, V.— A trial, race, match, contest, struggle: gladiatorium: Instituit celebri certamine ludos, O.: celebrata sancto certamina patri, V.: cursūs, O.: equus certamine primus, H.: ponam certamina classis, make a match, V.: Velocis iaculi certamina ponit, V.—Meton., rivalry, competition, emulation, ambition, zeal: honoris et gloriae: pugna mediocri certamine commissa: olli certamine summo Procumbunt, V.: magni certaminis dimicatio, L.—A prize: tanti certaminis heres, O.

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