poena

morte poenas fortitudinis dedit
he paid the penalty for his bravery with death

poena , ae, f.: penalty, punishment, 1.136; pain, torture, torment, 6.543; revenge, vengeance, 2.572; 7.766.

poena, ae, f. [Gr. ποινή, ἄποινα, quitmoney, fine; Lat. pūnio, poenitet], indemnification, compensation, satisfaction, expiation, punishment, penalty (cf. mulcta).

• I Lit.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tab.: mi calido das sanguine poenas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 101 Vahl.); imitated by Virgil: tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas Persolves amborum, Verg. A. 9, 422 Serv.: poenas justas et debitas solvere, Cic. Mil. 31, 85: poenas pendere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 21 (425); cf. id. As. 2, 4, 77 (483): maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae, Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1; cf.: rei publicae poenas aut morte aut exsilio dependere, id. Sest. 67, 140: poenas pro civibus suis capere, Sall. J. 68, 3: id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae redditum, Liv. 7, 19, 3: ut vobis victi Poeni poenas sufferant, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 54 (148): poenas sufferre, id. Am. 3, 4, 19 (1002): ob mortem alicujus poenas luere, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90: poenas pro aliquā re luere, Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21; 4, 11, 11; 7, 11, 2: poenam dignam suo scelere suscipere, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7: poenas a seditioso cive persequi, id. Fam. 1, 9: poenas doloris sui ab aliquo petere, id. Att. 1, 16, 7: repetere poenas ab aliquo, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67: afficere aliquem poenā, id. Off. 2, 5, 18: multā et poenā multare aliquem, id. Balb. 18, 42: poena falsarum litterarum, id. Fl. 17, 39: reticentiae poena, id. Off. 3, 16, 65: poenas acquas irroget peccatis, Hor. S. 1, 3, 118: mediocrium delictorum poenae, Paul. Sent. 5, 17, 3: poena nummaria, a fine, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 14, 2, 2; so, pecuniaria, Gai. Inst. 4, 111.—
• • B Poena, the goddess of punishment or vengeance; in plur.: Poenae, the goddesses of vengeance, sometimes identified by the poets with the Furiae: o Poena, o Furia sociorum! Cic. Pis. 37, 91; cf.: saeva sororum Poena parens, Val. Fl. 1, 796; so in sing., Stat. Th. 8, 25; in plur., Cic. Clu. 61, 171; Luc. 6, 695; Varr. ap. Non. 390, 9; Val. Fl. 7, 147.—
• II Transf., hardship, torment, suffering, pain, etc. (post-Aug.): frugalitatem exigit philosophia, non poenam, Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 23, 2, 28, § 59: captivitatis, Just. 11, 14, 11.—In plur.: in tantis vitae poenis, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 27: balaenae pariendi poenis invalidae, id. 9, 6, 5, § 13: longa poenarum patientia, Just. 3, 5, 2: ebrius qui nullum forte cecidit, dat poenas, is in anguish, Juv. 3, 279.

poena, ae, f. (ποινή, das Lösegeld für eine Blutschuld, die Sühne; dah. in weit. Bedeutung) die Genugtuung, der Ersatz, dah. bald Rache, bald Strafe, Bestrafung (Ggstz praemium, pretium, impunitas), I) eig.: poena dupli, octupli, Cic.: vitae, Cic.: capitis, Caes.: mortis, Cic. u. Suet.: oculorum, die die Augen hätte treffen sollen, Cic.: votorum, poet. = Bezahlung seiner G., Ps. Verg.: poenae iustae et debitae, Cic.: poenam exigere de alqo, Suet.: ultimam facinoris poenam statuere in alqm, Suet.: poenas expetere ab alqo, Cic. u.a.: expetere vocis impiae poenas, Liv., scelerum poenas, Quint.: poenas domestici sanguinis expetere, Ersatz für das vergossene Familienblut verlangen, das vergossene Familienblut rächen, Cic.: in omne nomen Albanum poenas expetere, Liv. 1, 23, 4: contumeliarum in imperatorem cum suo auxilio poenas petere, Sall.: poenas parentum a filiis repetere, die Kinder wegen der (erschlagenen) Eltern strafen, den Mord der Eltern an den Kindern rächen, Cic.: alqm repetere ad poenam, Cic.: poenam octupli persequi, Cic.: poenas hominis persequi, jmd. rächen, Cic.: so auch poenas patrias (= patris) persequi, Cic.: poenam capere in hostem, den F. bestrafen, Curt.: poenas capere pro alqo, jmd. rächen, Sall.: poenas verborum capere, sich der W. wegen rächen, Ov.: ab alqo petere poenas sui doloris, Genugtuung für seinen Schmerz von jmd. zu erhalten suchen, sich seines Schmerzes wegen an jmd. rächen, Cic.: accipere poenas, sich an jmd. rächen, jmd. strafen, Lucan.: poenas habere ab alqo, sich an jmd. gerächt haben, Liv.: aber poenam habere, seine Strafe haben, gestraft sein, Liv.: poenas dare, Cic.: maximas poenas dare, Cornif. rhet.: poenas dare alci, Cic.: dedisse satis superque poenarum tibi, Hor.: brevi temeritatis poenas dedit, Vell.: et pro purpureo poenas dat Scylla capillo, Verg.: necis graves poenas reddere, Sall.: poenam irrogare, s. ir-rogo: poenā alqm afficere od. multare, Cic.: poenas capere de alqo, Liv., od. poenas sumere, Verg.: pro maleficio poenam sumere, Cic. de inv. 2, 108: in eandem impiorum poenam optime meritos cives detrudere, Cic.: in poenas ire, strafen, Ov.: teneri poenā, in eine Strafe verfallen sein, Cic.: poenas alci pendĕre (alcis rei, wegen etwas) od. dependĕre, expendĕre, solvere, persolvere, Cic.: sustinere poenam, Cic.: poenas subire, Cic., ferre, perferre, luere, Cic.: poenas pati, Ov.: dupli poenam subire, Cic.: poenam capitis subire, Lampr.: poenam sui sceleris sufferre, Cic.: legum, iudiciorum poenis obligari, in die Str. des Ges. usw. verfallen, Cic.: alci remittere poenam, Liv.: non posse effugere huius culpae poenam, Cic.: extra poenam esse, straffrei bleiben, Liv.: poena ne victam sequatur, Strafe im Spiele, Ov.: et libertatis nostrae et poenarum ex inimicis satis est, Liv. 3, 59, 1: poena est (es ist strafbar, es ist ein Verbrechen) m. Infin., nec fuerat nudas poena videre deas, Prop. 3, 13, 38. – personif., Poena, die Rache- oder Strafgöttin, die die Mißhandlungen der Unschuldigen rächt u. die Bösen straft, o Poena! o Furia sociorum! Cic. Pis. 91; u. so im Sing., Hor. carm. 3, 2, 32. Val. Flacc. 1, 797. Stat. Theb. 8, 25. – im Plur., a liberûm Poenis actum esse praecipitem, Cic. Clu. 171; u. so im Plur. Lucan. 6, 695. Val. Flacc. 7, 147. Vgl. Drak. Sil. 2, 551. – II) übtr., die Beschwerlichkeit, Mühseligkeit, Plage, Pein, die Qual, die Marter, das Leiden, erlittene Mißhandlung, frugalitatem exigit philosophia, non poenam, Sen.: (acetum) gustatum discutit eam poenam, Plin.: p. captivitatis, Iustin.: poena (die Pein) crudescit, Auson. parent. 11, 10. p. 46 Schenkl. – Plur., in tantis vitae poenis, Plin.: balaenae pariendi poenis invalidae, Plin.: post longam poenarum patientiam, Iustin.

1 poena [CL < ποινή] 1 penalty for committed offence, punishment; b (w. gen. or pro & abl. to indicate offence); c (w. gen. to indicate nature of punishment); d (w. gen. to indicate recipient of punishment); e (personified). etiam pro his qui vestro cotidie exemplo pereunt, poenali ~a plectemini Gildas EB 96; dum crucis in patulo suspensum stipite poenas / cogeret insontem violentia ferre reorum Aldh. VirgV 452; ut mortem quoque, quae pene cunctis ~a est ‥ ut ‥ laboris sui praemium amaret Bede HE II 1 p. 74; Deus ‥ in inferno constituit timorem et aeternam ~am Ps.-Bede Collect. 66; 957 idem crimen eademque ~a CS 995; tanquam ob ausum penalem ‥ ~am ‥ subire paratus Gir. TH II 28 p. 115.  b ut contemtor divum meritam blasfemiae suae ~am lueret Bede HE I 7 p. 19; de ~a peccati ad quam ille descendit Ailr. Serm. 30. 13; ipsa magis ignavie sue de semetipsa ~as exigit, ipsa exsolvit J. Ford Serm. 4. 9; 1326 forte ‥ papa ‥ invasionem regni Anglie dissimulando tolerabit, in ~a contumacie ‥ Anglorum, si ordinacioni sue ‥ non paruerint Lit. Cant. I 172; 1338 ~am pro demeritis recepturi, jurique ‥ parituri Ib. II 183; 1344 ~am condignam pro suis contumaciis recepturus FormOx 150.  c quantae diversarum mortium ~ae. quantae apostatarum ruinae Gildas EB 9; et ideo ~a [v. l. ~am] mortis incurrit Theod. Laterc. 17; aeternas inferni ~as pro mercede recipiet Bede HE I 7 p. 19; quando fecit nos timere ~am inferni Ailr. Serm. 1. 41. 217.  d brevis voluptas fornicationis et perpetua ~a fornicatoris Bede Prov. 962; semper ~a delinquentis quantitati culpe quam sit gravius culpa carnalis luxurie liquere potest ex penarum magnitudine Gros. DM VI 10 p. 69.  e ut ultrix ibi ~a seviat Diceto YH 124. 2 (~a fortis et dura or sim. or ellipt.) peine forte et dure. 1303 quia refutavit communam legem, ideo remittitur gaole et ponitur ad ~am Gaol Del. 62/1 m.3; 1368 duram et fortem imprisonamenti ~am a diu sustinuerunt Pat 278m. 4; predictos monachos suos ‥ capi et ‥ in forti et dura prisona poni fecit ~am delicti sui juxta predictam subituros Ib.; 1384 rettatus se multum tenuit, per quod ad ~am suam ‥ positus existat Pat 317 m. 19; s1386 vicarius de Wyntringam obmutescens adjudicatus est ad ~am mutorum Knighton II 211. 3 penalty for failure to meet an obligation, (sub ~a w. gen. to specify nature of penalty) on pain of. b money paid as penalty or forfeit, a fine. c compensation or satisfaction for incurred loss or damage. 1170 eos quacumque ~a usque Londoniam attraximus Ep. Becket 715 p. 389; 1232 obligari me ‥ ad duas predictas marcas solvendas ‥ sub ~a quinque marcarum Cart. Blyth 383; sub ~a suspendii M. Par. Maj. III 228; inhibuit sub ~a excommunicacionis majoris G. Durh. 8; 1344 sub ~a centum librarum SelCKB VI 37; s1381 nullus remaneat hac nocte in civitate ‥ sub ~a capitis Eul. Hist. Cont. 354; 1586 ut ‥ sub ~a degradationis ‥ responderent StatOx 437.  b 1559 de collectoribus ~arum Conc. Scot. II 173.  c 1228 dicit quod ipse exigit ab eo quandam ~am BNB II 245; 1515 tunc volo et ‥ concedo ‥ ad forisfaciendum et perdendum dictis abbati et conventui ‥ nomine ~ae perditae, alios octodecim solidos bonae et legalis monetae Angliae ‥ et quod bene licebit dictis ‥ tam pro praedicta annuitate sive annuali redditu octodecim denariorum, quam pro hujusmodi ~a sive ~is, sicut præmittitur, perditis et forisfactis FormA 273. 4 (in name of writ) sub poena, with implication of financial penalty for non-compliance. 1482 to graunte as many writts of sub ~a out of the Court of Chauncerie RParl VI 208a.. 5 (eccl. & mon.) penance. eos et illuminavit ad scientiam, et liquefecit ad gratiam, et induravit ad ~am Ailr. Ed. Conf. 748C; pena piatrix / peccati Garl. Myst. Eccl. 106; presens pena piat confessos crimina justos Ib. 420. 6 difficulty, trouble, pains. tunc valebat viij lib’ et post lx s., modo viij lib’ et x sol’ cum magna ~a DB II 237b; 1227 nec possunt venire ad faldas suas nisi magna ~a BNB III 662. 7 bodily suffering, pain. tanta manat devocio / ‥ / quod pena non percipitur J. Howd. Cyth. 11. 6; dicimus de rebus animatis quod moriuntur quia potiuntur ~am aliquam per quam et propter quam desinent esse Kilvington Soph. 39f; alii habuerunt membra sua per luxuriam corrupta ita quod cogebantur propter ~am caput virge abscindere Gascoigne Loci 136.

pœna, (6) æ, f. (ποινή), ¶ 1 rançon destinée à racheter un meurtre, [dʼoù] compensation, réparation, vengeance, punition, châtiment, peine : si injuriam faxit alteri, viginti quinque æris pœnæ sunto xii tab. 8, pour un dommage à autrui, vingt-cinq as dʼamende [m. à m. pour réparation] ; pœnam constituere Cæs. G. 5, 1, 9, fixer lʼamende, les dommages-intérêts ; parentium pœnas a filiis repetere Cic. Amer. 67, venger les parents sur les fils (parricides) ; alicujus pœnas persequi Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2, venger qqn ; innocentium pœnæ Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 121, réparation due à des innocents, châtiment quʼils exigent ; pro civibus pœnas capere Sall. J. 68, 3, venger ses concitoyens ; do pœnas temeritatis meæ Cic. Att. 9, 10, 2, je suis puni de (pour) mon imprudence ; pœnas dare alicui Cic. Phil. 2, 1, subir un châtiment qui donne satisfaction à qqn, qui venge qqn ; pœnas pendere, dependere, luere, solvere Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1 ; Sest. 140 ; Phil. 14, 32 ; Mil. 85, être puni, expier ; rei publicæ pœnas aut morte aut exsilio dependere Cic. Sest. 140, expier par la mort ou par lʼexil des crimes envers lʼÉtat ; capite pœnas solvere Sall. J. 69, 4 ; dare Varro R. 1, 2, 19 ; luere Tac. Ann. 12, 54 ; expendere Tac. Ann. 12, 19, payer de sa tête || ambitus Cic. Sulla 63 ; falsarum litterarum Cic. Fl. 39, châtiment, peine pour brigue, pour falsification de registres, cf. Cic. Pis. 43 ; Leg. 2, 22 ; Off. 3, 15 ; ab aliquo pœnam octupli commissam persequi Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 30, réclamer contre qqn la peine de lʼoctuple quʼil a encourue ; pœnam capitis constituere, subire Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 85 ; Clu. 128, fixer, subir la peine de mort ; pœnam capitis cum pecunia conjungere Cic. Domo 45, joindre à la peine de mort une peine pécuniaire ; pœna exercitus, damnatorum Cic. Prov. 5 ; Domo 9, peine subie par une armée, par les condamnés ; pœnam habere ab aliquo Liv. 29, 18, 15 ; aliquem pœna multare Cic. Tusc. 1, 100, punir qqn ¶ 2 peine, tourment, souffrance : Plin. 9, 13 ; 23, 59 ; Just. 11, 14, 16.

poena , ae. f.
罰。刑罰。炎。女鬼。冤孽。咎。祟。Ultima poena 問死罪。Poena frui 甘心其苦。Dare poenas ei 被其罰。Capere poenam in hostem vel de hoste 報仇。Capere poenam pro eo 替彼受難。 Poenae pariendi 難產。娩之痛楚。Poenae vitae 世上之窮苦。Poenam subire vel sufferre vel sustinere 服罰。受罰。Ruere in poenam suam 自招己罰。Duplicem poenam subire 受加一倍之罰。Id sub poena sancire vel proposita poena prohibere 定不守禁之罰。In poenas non satis unus eris 所定之罰

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poena ae, f

• , ποινή, indemnification, compensation, recompense, retribution, satisfaction, expiation, punishment, penalty, price: Syrus mihi tergo poenas pendet, T.: arbitros dat, qui poenam constituant, Cs.: Tu mihi poenas Persolves amborum, V.: poenas pendo temeritatis meae: poenas pro civibus capere, S.: numen in omne nomen Albanum expetiturum poenas, L.: morte poenas sceleris effugere: poenam dignam suo scelere suscipere: parentum poenas a filiis repetere: falsarum litterarum: poenarum ex inimicis satis est, L.: peccatis qui poenas inroget aequas, H.: dat poenas, i. e. suffers for it, Iu.: nec fuerat poena videre, etc., punishable, Pr.—Person., the goddess of punishment, Vengeance, C.—Plur, avenging Furies, C., O.

POENA

POENAThe original sense of this word, which is derived from the Greek ωροτϝω (Curtius, Gr. Etym. No. 373), seems to have been composition paid by a delinquent to the party injured by him, or to his kinsmen, in order to escape vengeance (Dig. 50, 16, 131pr., poena est noxae vindicta; cf. the expressions poenas solvere, pendere). (Rubino, Untersuchungen über röm. Verfassung, p. 460; Ihering, Geist. d. R. R. 1.126.) When crimes came to be visited with punishment by the state, the word poena meant a penalty or punishment threatened by the law on account of offences, whether such penalty was exacted at the suit of the injured party, as in the case of theft, or was a consequence of a judicium publicum.

The conception of poena differs from that of multa, as Ulpian exclaims in a well-known passage of the Digest (Dig. 50, 16, 131.1). Multa or mulcta was a pecuniary penalty ( cujus animadversio hodie pecuniaria est), though by the law of the Twelve Tables it had been pecuaria or a certain number of oxen and sheep. (Plin. Nat.18.12; Festus, s. vv. Multam, Peculatus.) It was one of the modes of punishment by which the higher magistrates enforced their supreme executive authority, but the right of imposing a multa on offenders was extended to inferior magistrates, and in Ulpian's time belonged to every person who was invested with judicial power in civil or administrative matters, such as municipal magistrates and praesides provinciarum ( item multam is dicere potest, cui judicatio data est). A multa was imposed according to the discretion of the magistrate, and its amount was determined by the pleasure of him who imposed it, unless a maximum amount was fixed by law. On the other hand, a poena was only inflicted when it was imposed by some lex or some other legal authority (quo alio jure). (Cf. Paulus in Dig. 50, 16, 244(Labeo): Si qua poena est, multa est; si qua multa est, poena est. (Paulus): Utrumque eorum falsum est; namque harum rerum dissimilitudo ex hoc quoque apparet, quod de poena provocatio non est. Ex hoc quoque earum rerum dissimilitudo apparere poterit, quia poenae certae singulorum peccatorum sunt, multae contra, quia ejus judicis potestas est, quantum dicat, nisi cum lege est constitutum quantum dicat.) A poena was not necessarily pecuniary, but might affect a person's caput and existimatio. Cicero enumerates the following kinds of poenae, viz. damnum, vincula, verbera, talio, ignominia, exilium, mors, and servitus (Cic. de Leg. Aug. C. D. 21.1. 2; de Or. 1.43, 194; de Off. 3.5, 23; pro Caec. 34, 100). A poena might be inflicted by any one whose function it was to take cognisance of crimes. When no poena was imposed, then a multa might be the punishment.

[G.L] [E.A.W]

Poena

(ποινή). A general name for punishment, while multa is a definite pecuniary punishment assigned to a particular offence. A poena was inflicted only by law, while the multa was imposed by the magistrate. See multa.