scriptura

scriptūra, ae, f. [scribo], a writing, written characters.

• I In gen. (acc. to scribo, I.; Cic. uses scriptio instead): minium in voluminibus quoque scriptura usurpatur clarioresque litteras vel in auro vel in marmore etiam in sepulchris facit, Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 122: (meorum librorum) scriptura quanti constet, Mart. 1, 67, 3; Suet. Aug. 80: mendum scripturae, an error in writing, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1.—*
• • • 2 Concr., a line (syn. scriptum): supercilia usque ad malarum scripturam currentia, the boundary line between the cheeks and eyelids, Petr. 126, 15.—
• II In partic. (freq. and class.).
• • A (Acc. to scribo, II.) A writing, composing, composition (cf. scriptura).
  • • 1 Abstr., = scriptio: stilus optimus dicendi effector ... Nam si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio facile vincit: hanc ipsa profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; cf. id. Fam. 15, 21, 4: neminem posse omnis res per scripturam complecti, id. Inv. 2, 50, 152: quod si scripturam sprevissem in praesentiā, writing, composing, Ter. Hec. 24: scriptura levis, id. Phorm. 5; cf.: genus scripturae, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3; Liv. 25, 12; [Suet.] Vit. Juven.; Nep. praef. § 1; cf. also: Naevii Punicum bellum continenti scripturā expositum, Suet. Gram. 2: C. Furnio legato plura verbo quam scriptura mandata dedimus, rather orally than in writing, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 5; cf.: edebat per libellos scripturā brevi, written briefly, Suet. Caes. 41.—
    • 2 Concr., = scriptum.
    • • a Something written, a writing (rare, and not in Cic., for scriptum, liber, libellus): ne cum poëtā scriptura evanesceret, Ter. Hec. 13; id. Ad. 1: diurna actorum, i. e. acta diurna, the public paper of the State, Tac. A. 3, 3: nemo annales nostros cum scripturā eorum contenderit, id. ib. 4, 32: in alterā scripturā, Val. Max. 1, 1, 12; Vitr. 5, 4, 1; Vulg. Dan. 5, 17; 25.—Of an inscription: statuae aetatem scriptura indicat, Vell. 2, 61, 3.—
      • b In eccl. writers: κατʼ ἐξοχὴν Scriptura, or, in the plur., Scripturae, the Scriptures, Vulg. Matt. 21, 42; id. Johan. 7, 42.—Esp. sing.: scriptūra, ae, a scripture, a passage of Scripture, Vulg. Marc. 14, 49; id. Johan. 19, 24.—
  • B Publicists’ and jurid. t. t.
  • • 1 Public.
    • • a A tax paid on public pastures: advorsum legem a me ob meam scripturam pecudem accepit Aeraque, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 42 (136) sq.; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Att. 11, 10, 1; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1.—*
      • b A written law (syn. lex scripta): cum per ignorantiam scripturae multa commissa fierent, Suet. Calig. 41.—
    • 2 Jurid. t. t.
    • • a A testamentary provision: primum demonstrandum est, non esse ambigue scriptum ... Deinde ex superiore et ex inferiore scripturā docendum, etc. ... quae autem ex omni consideratā scripturā perspicua fiant, haec ambigua non oportere existimari, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf. Quint. 9, 2, 34: dubia, id. 7, 9, 6.—
      • b A will: suprema, Cod. Th. 16, 1, 40.

scrīptūra, ae, f. (scribo), I) das Zeichnen; dah. meton., die Linie, Grenzlinie, malarum, Gesichtszüge, Petron. 126, 15. – II) das Schreiben, A) im allg.: minium in voluminum quoque scriptura usurpatur, Plin.: mendum scripturae liturā tollatur, Caecin. in Cic. ep. – B) insbes., die schriftl. Darlegung, Abfassung, 1) eig.: scr. assidua ac diligens, Cic.: tenuis oratio et scr. levi s, gehaltloser Stil, Ter.: carmen perplexius scripturae genere, Liv.: hoc genus scripturae (Geschichtschreibung) leve iudicant, Nep.: genus hoc scripturae non modo liberum sed incitatum atque elatum esse debere quis ignorat? Caecin. in Cic. ep.: edebat per libellos scripturā brevi, von wenigen Worten, Suet. – scripturā alqd persequi, Cic.: omnes res per scripturam amplecti, Cic. – 2) meton.: a) die Schrift = das Schriftwerk, Schriftstück, ne cum poëta scriptura (die Dichtung) evanesceret, Ter.: postquam poëta sensit scripturam suam ab iniquis observari, Ter.: diurna actorum scr., Nipperd. Tac. ann. 3, 3: disciplinarum (Etruscarum) scripturae, Vitr.: scriptura infra scripta, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 10233: u. oft scr. divina od. sancta od. sacra, im Sing. u. Plur., die Bibel, Eccl.: u. dass. bl. scriptura, Chalcid. Tim. 277 u. 278 u. Eccl. – b) die Aufschrift, Inschrift, Val. Max. 1, 1, 12. Vell. 2, 61, 3. – c) die Lesart, Augustin. de civ. dei 13, 24, 1. – d) das schriftlicheGesuch, per alios desideriorum indice missā scripturā, Amm. 19, 12, 4. – e) die Anweisung, der Auftrag an einen Wechsler zur Auszahlung einer Summe, scr. mensae Donat. Ter. adelph. 2, 4, 13. – f) das schriftliche Gesetz, der Buchstabe des Gesetzes, Suet. Cal. 41, 1. – g) die schriftliche Testamentsbestimmung, deinde ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum id, quod quaeratur, Cic. de inv. 2, 117: u. so Quint. 7, 9, 6; 9, 2, 34. – h) die Abgabe von den Triften, das Weidegeld, Triftgeld, der Triftzins, vectigal (Einkünfte) ex scriptura, Cic.: scripturam dare, Plaut.: magistri (Vorsteher, Bureauvorsteher, Direktoren) scripturae, Cic.: operas in scriptura pro magistro dare, den Vizevorsteher (Vizedirektor) machen, Cic.: u. so in scriptura Siciliae pro magistro est quidam L. Carpinatius, Cic.

scriptura [CL] 1 act of forming letters, writing, transcribing. b manner of writing words, spelling. membranas ‥ scribens, cum ad finem ~am suam deflexisset, extra domum recedens Felix Guthl. 37; hec graphia, i. ~a Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 257; ‘sollicitat ~a manum’ ‥ ‘manus mea invigilat ~e’ Vinsauf AV II 116; sol’ Johanni W. pro ~a unius libri de servicio episcopi Med. Stage II 248; ortographia dicitur ab ‘orthos’ ‥ et ‘graphia’ quod est ~a W. Worc. Itin. 64.  b nostri interpretes ‥ quae per K Grece scripta, sua littera C exprimerent, cum ~a sonum mutavere Abbo QG 11 (26). 2 that which is written: a handwriting. b script. c text, piece of writing; d (dist. from vox); e (w. ref. to verse of Holy Scripture). f inscription. a 1414 quaternos ‥ tam de ~a et manu aliorum quam de manu mea propria Reg. Cant. II 38; epistolas ‥ Pauli ‥ super quas scripsit [Grosseteste] sua manu propria et illam ~am vidi quando fui cancellarius Oxonie Gascoigne Loci 50.  b ex peregrinis caracteribus et quibus Latina ~a non utitur Aldh. Met. 10; c1170 Juvencus in Romana ~a Libr. Cant. Dov. 11; scripsit ‥ tales materias in lingua Anglicana ‥. per indenturas in Anglicana ~a scriptas Gascoigne Loci 26.  c in cantu ecclesiastico semper inter duas scripturas vel inter duas lineas ~e Mens. & Disc. (Anon. IV) 60; 1440 ut patet per ‥ ~am manus ‥ Stephani in dorso ‥ litterarum de recepto ExchScot 71.  d c1091 non in voce irrevocabili nec in ~a putribili sed in aeternae plenitudine felicitatis mercedem vestram novimus consistere Anselm (Ep. 141) III 287.  e c1250 expositiunculam ‥ ~e illius ‘nova lux Judeis visa est’ [Esth. viii 16] Ad. Marsh Ep. 244 p. 408; quibus interserebatur hec pie considerationis ~a: ‘quoniam rex sperat in Domino, et in misericordia Altissimi non commovebitur’ [Psalm. xx 8] G. Hen. V 15; s1453 non est ‥ tibi dicendum, cum ~a: ‘euge, serve bone, et fidelis’ Reg. Whet. I 103.  f in hoc scrinio hec ~a legitur ‘hoc opus rex Ethelstanus ‥ in honorem sancti Paterni fieri jussit’ W. Malm. GP V 248; lapideam invenit archam et in ea virum jacentem cum hac ~a, ‘Christus nascetur ex Maria virgine’ Ord. Vit. V 9 p. 357; 1465 item vj qwyshyns de opere Flandrensi cum ~a de le Roy in eisdem Ac. Durh. 244. 3 written composition; b (letter); c (document). d (redigere in ~am) to record in writing or as a document. octo gradus dicunt esse philosophi in omni ~a Comm. Cant. I 16; sequentis opusculi sarcina desudans ‥ praecedentis ~ae stilum vestrae sagacitati fore ratum experiar Aldh. VirgP 60; sermo de his per multarum ~arum auctoritatem ‥ olim humano generi ‥ ubique refulsit Lib. Monstr. I prol.; ~arum tam ecclesiasticarum quam secularium erat eruditione mirandus W. Malm. GP V 195; ad manum ei omnis que posceretur ~a fuit Ad. Eyns. Hug. I 13; iste antiquas ~as subterraneas veteris civitatis ‥ perscrutatus, evertit omnia et implevit G. S. Alb. I 24; impugnare quascunque ~as contra fidem orthodoxam est licitum Ockham Pol. I 299.  b 1072 epistolam ‥ quam ~am cum in rem nichil facere concordi sententia cuncti protinus definissent Lanfr. Ep. 3 (4).  c 838 duas ‥ ~as per omnia consimiles hujus reconciliationis conscribere statuimus; alteram habeat archiepiscopus ‥ alteram ‥ reges CS 421; 1241 quantum pertinet ad feodum unius militis, sicut in ~a inter W. et T. plenius confecta continetur CurR XVI 1612; 1556 nulla ex ~is authenticis ad ‥ universitatem pertinentibus ex cista communi extrahatur StatOx 367.  d c1250 faciant taxacionem [domorum] in publicam ~am redigendam StatCantab 205; 1308 eorumque confessiones per publicas manus in autenticam ~am redactas Reg. Carl. II 5; predictorum ‥ errorum quam plurimi in ~is redacti ad diversas mundi plagas sub bulla sunt transmissi Ockham I. & P. 3. 4 (~a sacra, divina, or ellipt.): a Holy Scripture, the Bible; b (pl., w. ref. to its composite nature). c (~ae veteres) Old Testament; (~ae novae) New Testament. d (~a Saracenorum) the Koran. a ut ~a ait, ‘rege audiente verbum iniquum ‥ omnes, qui sub illo sunt, scelesti sunt’ Gildas EB 35; factis complens scripturae, dicta loquentis: / ‘vota vovete Deo’ [Psalm. lxxv 12] Aldh. VirgV 2105; 597 Augustinus ‥ sacrae ~ae scientia repletus (Lit. Papae) Bede HE I 32 p. 68; 1225 sicut auctoritate irrefragabili ~e patet Gros. Ep. 2; hereticum ‥ quia contra ~am sacram Ockham Pol. I 48; in ~a nobis divinitus inspirata R. Bury Phil. 1. 27; antiquitas ~ae maximam auctoritatem facit (Kyn.) Ziz. 4.  b lectiones ‥ ex omni ‥ sanctarum ~arum textu merito excerptae sunt Gildas EB 106; per florulenta ~arum [gl.: i. librorum] arva ‥ vagans. Aldh. VirgP 4; cum ‥ lectioni et observationi ~arum operam dedisset Bede HE IV 21 p. 254; 797 ut ‥ Sanctarum ~arum lectio ‥ renovetur Alcuin Ep. 128; amorem sui mihi concessit ex notitia ~arum suarum Eadmer V. Osw. 5; 1410 viros divinarum ~arum sciencia preditos FormOx 423.  c multa ‥ veluti speculum quoddam vitae nostrae in ~is veteribus intuens, convertebar ‥ ad novas et ibi legebam clarius Gildas EB 1.  d ~a namque Saracenorum hoc habet quod ‥ M. Par. Maj. III 353. 5 office of scribe, scrivenership. 1298 officium et emolumentum ~e senescalcie Vasconie et custodiam rotulorum RGasc III 376b.

scrīptūra, (12) æ, f. (scribo), ¶ 1 action de tracer des caractères, écriture : Plin. 33, 122 ; Mart. 1, 66, 3 ; Suet. Aug. 80 ; Cæcin. d. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1 ¶ 2 ce qui est tracé, ligne : malarum Petr. 126, 15, le dessin des joues ¶ 3 rédaction, travail de composition, exercice écrit : assidua ac diligens Cic. de Or. 1, 150, un travail écrit assidu et scrupuleux || composition écrite : per scripturam amplecti Cic. Inv. 2, 152 ; scriptura persequi Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 3, rédiger par écrit, cf. Planc. d. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 5 || manière dʼécrire, style : Ter. Phorm. 5 ; Suet. Cæs. 41 || action dʼécrire, de faire le métier dʼauteur : Ter. Ad. 1 ¶ 4 ouvrage, écrit : Ter. Hec. 13 ; 24 ; Tac. Ann. 4, 32 ¶ 5 bon [sur une caisse de banquier] Don. Ad. 277 ¶ 6 teneur, texte [dʼun testament] : Cic. Inv. 2, 117 ; Quint. 7, 9, 6 ; 9, 2, 34 || texte de loi : Suet. Cal. 41 ¶ 7 droits perçus pour les pâturages, impôt sur les pâturages : Pl. Merc. 146 ; Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3 ; 11, 10, 1 ; Verr. 2, 2, 169.

scriptura , ae. f.
寫字。所寫者。牧羊之稅。牌文。招牌。新文法。— sacra 聖經。Magister scripturae 納牧羊税者。

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scrīptūra ae, f

• scribo, a writing, written characters: mendum scripturae, a clerical error. —A writing, composing, composition: adsidua ac diligens: scripturam spernere, composing, T.: carmen perplexius scripturae genere, L.: hoc genus scripturae (i. e. biography), N.—Something written, a writing, work, book, composition: Ne cum poëtā scriptura evanesceret, his works, T.—A tax paid on public pastures: ex scripturā vectigal: magister scripturae, collector.—A clause in a will, testamentary provision.

SCRIPTURA

SCRIPTU´RAthe oldest form of revenue from ager publicus (according to Pliny, Plin. Nat.18.11), was that portion of the revenue of the Roman commonwealth which was derived from letting out part of the ager publicus as pasture-land (Cic. pro Flacco, 8, 18). Such parts were called pascua publica, saltus, or silva (cf. Verg. Geoeg. 3.323), the last name pointing to the feeding of swine on acorns. They were let, like other sources of vectigalia, by the censors to publicani; and the persons who grazed cattle on the pastures (pecuarii) had to pay a certain duty to the publicani according to the number and size of the cattle. For fines levied on the pecuarii who evaded this payment, see Liv. 10.23, 33.42-Z2, 35.10-Z2; Ovid, Ov. Fast. 5.283-294. The leges Liciniae of 367 (App. the B.C. 1.8) and the agrarian law of B.C. 111 set limits to the number of cattle which any one person might graze on the public land: but it is hard to see why a limit should have been imposed, when fees were regularly paid to publicani, and when the publicani were therefore able to pay a large contract-sum into the treasury; the more grazing, the higher the contract.

The amount of the duty is unknown, but the state revenue hence derived through the publicani seems to have been very considerable. From registering the cattle on the lists of the publicani (scribere) came the name of the duty itself; the land itself was called scripturarius ager (Festus, s. v.), and the publicani and their servants scripturarii. Cattle sent on the pastures without registration (pecus inscriptum) were probably forfeited to the publicani (Plaut. Truc. 1.2, 48; Varro, R. R. 2.1). Public pastures were found in Italy (especially in Samnium, Lucania, and Apulia; Varro, l. c.; Liv. 39.29) and in the provinces (in Sicily, Cic. Ver. 2.3, 6; ib. 70, 171;--in Asia, Cic. pro Leg. Manil. 6, 14; ad Fam. 13, 65;--in Cyrene, Pliny, Plin. Nat.19.39).

Scriptura disappeared in Italy as the pastureland was assigned by agrarian laws to individual owners, and the treasury thus lost a great source of revenue. Even in the provinces the scriptura disappears under the Empire, the emperors taking to themselves the nearly exclusive management and even use of the pascua (Cod. Theod. de Pasc. 7, 7; de Greg. Domin. 10, 6).

[F.T.R]

Scriptūra

A part of the revenue of the Roman Republic derived from the lease of such parts of the ager publicus as could be used for pasture (pascua publica). They were let by the censors to the publicans. (See publicani.) Those who grazed cattle on these lands were called pecuarii and paid for their use. Such cattle were registered (scripti), whence the name scriptura. When the pasture-lands were assigned to individual owners this tax disappeared. Cf. Pliny, H. N. xviii. 11; Cic. Pro Flacco, 8, 18.