sub

sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus
under the very walls of Numantia sub eodem tempore
at the same time sub iugum missi victi sunt
the conquered were sent under the yoke sub noctem
shortly before night sub adventum praetoris
just before the arrival of the praetor

sub : (prep. with abl. and acc.); (with abl.), under, (denoting situation); beneath, under, freq.; at the foot of, 3.5; in the lower part of a thing, in, 1.453; down in, deep in, 1.36; by, close, to, 5.837; (of time), in, 4.560; (of rank or order), just behind, next after, 5.323; close to, in subjection to, subordinate to, under, 9.643; by reason of, under, 2.83; (with acc.), denoting tendency, down to, 4.243; down under, into, 4.654; down before, 6.191; near to, 5.327; in the midst of, 12.811; (of approaching the foot of some high object), up to or close to, 2.442; to or towards, 6.541; (of some object situated above or on high), up to, towards, 3.422, et al.; of time, just before or after; following after, in reply to, 5.394; coming under, subject to, under, 4.618; sub noctem, at nightfall, 1.662.

sŭb (on the form sus from subs v. infra, III.), prep. with acc. and abl. [perh. for es-ub, ens-ub, = ἐνς (εις) and ὑπό; Sanscr. upa; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 290], under.

• I With abl., to point out the object under which a thing is situated or takes place (Gr. ὑπό, with dat. or gen.), under, below, beneath, underneath.
• • A Of space: si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent ... nec tamen exissent umquam supra terram, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 72 (730): sub aquā, id. Cas. 2, 6, 28 (380): sub vestimentis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 32 (212); Liv. 1, 58; cf.: saepe est sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56: ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore, Hor. S. 1, 3, 34: sub pellibus hiemare, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 23, 18, 15: manet sub Jove frigido Venator, Hor. C. 1, 1, 25: sub divo moreris, id. ib. 2, 3, 23: vitam sub divo agat, id. ib. 3, 2, 5 (v. divus, II.): sub terrā vivi demissi sunt, Liv. 22, 57: sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit, id. 3, 28, 11: pone (me) sub curru nimium propinqui Solis, Hor. C. 1, 22, 21 et saep.— Trop.: non parvum sub hoc verbo furtum latet, Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 12.—
  • • 2 Transf., of lofty objects, at the foot of which, or in whose immediate neighborhood, any thing is situated, under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before: sub monte consedit, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; so, sub monte considere, id. ib. 1, 21: sub colle constituere, id. ib. 7, 49: sub montis radicibus esse, id. ib. 7, 36 al.: sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus, Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17: est ager sub urbe, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 107 (508); so, sub urbe, Ter. Ad. 949; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Hor. C. 3, 19, 4: sub Veteribus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 19 (480): sub Novis, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266 Orell. N. cr.; id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 22, 70 Goer. N. cr.; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.: sub basilicā, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 11 (472) et saep.—Trop.: sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.: omnia sub oculis erant, Liv. 4, 28; cf. Vell. 2, 21, 3: classem sub ipso ore urbis incendit, Flor. 2, 15.—
  • B Of time, in, within, during, at, by: ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum irrumperent, Caes. B. C. 1, 27: sub decessu suo, Hirt. B. G. 8, 49: sub luce, Ov. M. 1, 494; Hor. A. P. 363; Liv. 25, 24: sub eodem tempore, Ov. F. 5, 491: sub somno, Cels. 3, 18 med. al.—
  • C In other relations, where existence under or in the immediate vicinity of any thing may be conceived.
  • • 1 Under, in rank or order; hence, next to, immediately after: Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores, Verg. A. 5, 322.—
    • 2 In gen., of subjection, domination, stipulation, influence, effect, reason, etc., under, beneath, with: omnes ordine sub signis ducam legiones meas, under my standards, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71 (764): sub armis vitam cernere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.); so, sub armis, Caes. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 42: sub sarcinis, id. B. G. 2, 17; 3, 24: sub onere, id. B. C. 1, 66 et saep.—
    • 3 Trop., under, subject to, in the power of; during, in the time of, upon, etc.: sub Veneris regno vapulo, non sub Jovis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 13 (15): sub regno esse, Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60: sub imperio alicujus esse, Ter. Heaut. 233: sub dicione atque imperio alicujus esse, Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Auct. B. Alex. 66, 6; Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Con. 4, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; cf.: sub Corbulone Armenios pellere, Tac. H. 3, 24: sub manu alicujus esse, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2; sub rege, Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43; Hor. C. 3, 5, 9: sub Hannibale, Liv. 25, 40: sub dominā meretrice, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 25: sub nutrice, id. ib. 2, 1, 99: sub judice lis est, id. A. P. 78: praecipua sub Domitiano miseriarum pars erat, during the reign of, Tac. Agr. 45: scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5: gnarus sub Nerone temporum, Tac. Agr. 6; Suet. Tit. 8 et saep.: sub vulnere, from the effects of the wound, Ov. M. 5, 62; cf.: sub judice, under, id. ib. 13, 190: nullo sub indice, forced by no betrayer, id. ib. 13, 34.—So in certain phrases where the simple abl. is more freq.: sub pacto abolitionis dominationem deponere, Quint. 9, 2, 97: sub condicione, Liv. 6, 40, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.: sub condicionibus, id. 21, 12, 4: sub eā condicione, ne cui fidem meam obstringam, Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11: sub eā condicione, si esset, etc., id. ib. 8, 18, 4; so, sub condicione, ut (ne, si, etc.), Suet. Tib. 44; 13; id. Caes. 68; id. Claud. 24; id. Vit. 6: sub specie (= specie, or per speciem): sub specie infidae pacis quieti, Liv. 9, 45, 5; 36, 7, 12; 44, 24, 4: sub tutelae specie, Curt. 10, 6, 21; Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 2; cf.: sub nomine pacis bellum latet, Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 17: sub alienis auspiciis rem gerere, Val. Max. 3, 2, 6: sub lege, ne, Suet. Aug. 21: sub exceptione, si, id. Caes. 78: sub poenā mortis, id. Calig. 48: servitutis, id. Tib. 36 et saep.: sub frigido sudore mori, Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin. —
• II With acc., to point out the object under which a thing comes, goes, extends, etc. (Gr. ὑπό, with acc.), under, below, beneath.
• • A Of space, usually with verbs of motion: et datores et factores omnes subdam sub solum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 18 (297): manum sub vestimenta deferre, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 78 (482): cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25: exercitum sub jugum mittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 1, 12; Sall. J. 38, 9 Dietsch ad loc.: sub furcam ire, Hor. S. 2, 7, 66: sub divum rapere, id. C. 1, 18, 13: sub terras ire, Verg. A. 4, 654. —Trop.: sub judicium sapientis et delectum cadunt, Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61: quae sub sensus subjecta sunt, id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 23, 74: quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat, id. Or. 20, 67: columbae Ipsa sub ora viri venere, Verg. A. 6, 191: quod sub oculos venit, Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 6.—Rarely with verb of rest: quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus, Luc. 7, 364.—
  • • 2 Transf. (cf. supra, I. A. 2.), of lofty objects, to the foot of which, or into whose immediate neighborhood, any thing comes, or near to which it extends, under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards, etc.: sub montem succedunt milites, Caes. B. C. 1, 45: sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: missi sunt sub muros, Liv. 44, 45: Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, Tac. H. 5, 11; 3, 21: aedes suas detulit sub Veliam, Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54: arat finem sub utrumque colonus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 35: jactatus amnis Ostia sub Tusci, id. ib. 2, 2, 33: (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum, Ov. M. 12, 389: sub orientem secutus Armenios, Flor. 3, 5.—
  • B Of time, denoting a close approximation.
  • • 1 Before, towards, about, shortly before, up to, until: Pompeius sub noctem naves solvit, Caes. B. C. 1, 28; so, sub noctem, Verg. A. 1, 662; Hor. C. 1, 9, 19; id. S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 7, 109; id. Ep. 2, 2, 169: sub vesperum, Caes. B. G. 2, 33; id. B. C. 1, 42: sub lucem, id. B. G. 7, 83; Verg. G. 1, 445: sub lumina prima, Hor. S. 2, 7, 33: sub tempus edendi, id. Ep. 1, 16, 22: sub dies festos, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1: sub galli cantum, Hor. S. 1, 1, 10: usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem, Verg. G. 1, 211: simulacra Visa sub obscurum noctis, id. ib. 1, 478: prima vel autumni sub frigora, id. ib. 2, 321: quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem, Liv. 21, 2, 1.—
    • 2 After, immediately after, just after, immediately upon: sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, Liv. 7, 31: sub adventum praetoris, id. 23, 15, 1; 23, 16, 3; 45, 10, 10: sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit, id. 35, 31: sub hoc erus inquit, hereupon, Hor. S. 2, 8, 43.—
  • C In other relations, in which a coming under any thing may be conceived: lepide hoc succedit sub manus negotium, comes to hand, convenient, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59 (871): sub manus succedere, id. ib. 4, 4, 7 (1143); id. Pers. 4, 1, 2 (450): sub manum submittere, at hand, convenient, Auct. B. Afr. 36, 1: sub ictum venire, Liv. 27, 18: sub manum annuntiari, Suet. Aug. 49 (al. sub manu; cf. supra, I. C.): sub legum et judiciorum potestatem cadere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144: sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere, id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2): incolas sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere, Nep. Milt. 1: matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis, Liv. 4, 4: sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati, Curt. 3, 8, 2.—
• III In composition, the b remains unchanged before vowels and before b, d, j, l, n, s, t, v. Before m and r it is frequently, and before the remaining consonants, c, f, g, p, it is regularly assimilated. Yet here the MSS. vary, as in ob, ad, in, etc. Before some words commencing with c. p, t, it assumes the form sus, by the rejection of the b from a collateral form subs (analog. to abs); e. g. suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustuli, sustollo. Before s, with a following consonant, there remains merely su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro; cf., however: substerno, substituo, substo, substruo al.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, 775 sqq.—
• • B In composition, sub denotes,
  • • 1 Lit., a being situated or contained under, a putting or bringing under, or a going in under any thing: subaeratus, subcavus; subdo, subigo, subicio; subhaereo, subaperio; subedo.—
    • 2 Hence, also, a concealing or being concealed behind something; a secret action: subnoto, surripio, suffuror, subausculto, suborno. —
    • 3 Transf., a being placed or ranked under: subcenturio, subcurator, subcustos, etc.; or a being or doing any thing in a lower or inferior degree, a little, somewhat, rather, slightly: subabsurdus, subagrestis, subalbus, etc.; subaccusare, subirascor, etc.

sub, Praep. m. Abl. u. Acc. (aus sup, vgl. ὑπό), I) m. Abl.: A) v. Raume, 1) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens unter einem Gegenstande, unter, a) neben Verben der Ruhe, sub terra habitare, Cic.: sub vestimentis habere, Plaut.: sub pellibus hiemare, Caes.: vitam sub divo agere, Hor. – übtr., sub armis esse, Caes.: sub armis manere, Liv.: sub armis habere legiones, Cic.: legionem sub sarcinis adoriri, Caes.: sub corona, sub hasta vendere, Caes. u. Liv.: saepe est etiam sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. com. fr.: sub nomine pacis bellum latet, Cic. – b) neben Verben der Bewegung α) unter... hin, hin... unter, sub terra vivi demissi sunt, Liv.: sub hoc iugo dictator Aequos misit, Liv. – β) unter... hervor, qui sub terra erepsisti modo, Plaut.: sub terra lapides eximet, Plaut.: – γ) empor, hinauf, auf, monte sub aërio, Verg.

2) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens in der unmittelbaren Nähe eines höher ragenden Gegenstandes, unter, unterhalb, unten an, an, vor, sub monte esse, considere, Caes.: sub moenibus esse, Cic.: sub septemtrionibus positum esse, Caes.: est ager sub urbe, Plaut. – übtr., sub manu esse, bei der Hand sein, Cic.: sub iactu teli esse, in Schußweite sein, Liv.: sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant, Liv.: omnia sub oculis erant, alles lag vor Augen, Caes.: sub sinistra Britanniam relictam conspexit, Caes.

3) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens in einem umschließenden Gegenstande, unten in, in, silvis inventa sub altis, Ov.: vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibus urbem, Verg.: tuta sub exiguo flumine nostra ratis, Prop.

4) zur Bezeichnung einer unmittelbaren Aufeinanderfolge, unmittelbar hinter, Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso ecce volat calcemque terit iam calce Diores, Verg. Aen. 5, 322 sq.

B) v. der Zeit, 1) zur Bezeichnung des unmittelbaren Zusammenfallens eines Eieignisses mit der Zeit, innerhalb, während, in, bei, cervi sub ipsa die quam maxime invia petunt, Plin.: primis spectata sub annis, Ov.: consilium sub die nasci debet, Sen.: ne sub ipsa profectione milites oppidum irrumperent, Caes.: sub somno plerique senescunt, Cels. – sub Tiberio Caesare, unter dem K.T. = unter der Regierung des Kaisers Tib., Sen.: u. so sub divo Augusto, Sen. u. Plin.: sub Vespasiano, Plin. ep.: sub Dario rege, Lact.: Herodes, qui fuit sub imperio Tiberii Caesaris, Lact.

2) zur Bezeichnung der ungefähren Annäherung eines Ereignisses an eine Zeit, bei, gegen, faces viator sub luce reliquit, Ov.: sub luce urbem ingressus, Liv.: excesserunt urbe sub adventu Romanorum, Liv.: sub fine morbi, Cels.: sub exitu vitae, Suet.

C) von Zuständen: 1) zur Bezeichnung einer Unterordnung, unter, bei, sub regno alcis, Cic.: cuius sub imperio phalanx erat Macedonum, Nep.: qui tribunus cohortis sub Classico fuerat, Plin. ep.: sub dicione atque imperio alcis esse, Caes.: sub manu alcis esse, Planc. b. Cic.: sub Hannibale magistro omnes belli artes edoctus, Liv.: sub rege, unter der Herrschaft eines Königs, Cic.: u. so sub optimo rege, Sen.: adhuc sub iudice lis est, Hor.

2) zur Bezeichnung näherer Umstände, unter denen etwas geschieht unter, bei, sub frigido sudore mori, Cels.: Bacchi sub nomine risit, Ov.: sub hoc metu villicus erit in officio, Colum.: ut sub specie venationis dolus lateret, Iustin.: nuptias sub belli denuntiatione petit, Iustin.: sub pacto abolitionis, Quint.: sub ea condicione, Suet.: sub lege, Suet.: sub nomine meo duo libri ferebantur, Quint.: vitia nobis sub virtutum nomine obrepunt, Sen.: cuius commenta sub nomine Democriti falso produntur, Colum.: multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur, Tac.: sub honesto patrum aut plebis nomine dominationes affectabant, Sall. fr.: ferebantur sub nominibus consularium fictae in Seianum sententiae, Tac.: sub exceptione, si, Suet.: sub exspectatione successorum rapinis studebant, Colum.: sub poena mortis, servitutis, Suet.

II) mit Acc.: A) v. Raume, 1) zur Bezeichnung der Bewegung unter einen Gegenstand, unter, a) neben Verben der Bewegung, subdere sub solum, Plaut.: exercitum sub iugum mittere, Caes.: sub furcam ire, Hor.: manum sub vestimenta deferre, Plaut.: sub scamna dare pedem, Ov.: sub divum rapere, Hor. – übtr., sub sensum cadere non possunt, Cic.: quae sub sensus subiecta sunt, Cic.: sub iudicium sapientis et delectum cadunt, Cic. – b) neben Verben der Ruhe quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus, Lucan. 7, 364.

2) zur Bezeichnung der Bewegung in die unmittelbare Nähe eines höher ragenden Gegenstandes, unter, unterhalb, nahe an, an, sub montem succedunt milites, Caes.: sub aciem succedunt, Caes.: hostem mediam ferit ense sub alvum, Ov.: sub orientem secutus Armenios, Flor. – übtr., sub manus succedere, unter die Hände kommen, Plaut.: hoc succedit sub manus negotium, kommt bequem, Plaut.: sub manum summittere, Auct. b. Afr.: venire sub ictum, in Schußweite kommen, Liv.

3) zur Bezeichnung der Ausdehnung an einem höher ragenden Gegenstande hin, an... hin, bei, Iudaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, Tac.: arat finem sub utrumque colonus, Hor.: sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat, Hirt. b.G.

B) von der Zeit, zur Bezeichnung der unmittelbaren Annäherung eines Ereignisses an eine Zeit, a) indem dasselbe vorhergeht = um, gegen, kurz (unmittelbar) vor (s. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 1, 9. M. Müller Liv. 1, 35, 2), sub noctem naves solvit, Caes.: sub vesperum portas claudi iussit, Caes.: u. so sub noctem, Hor.: sub ortum ferme lucis, Liv.: sub idem tempus legati missi, Liv.: sub ipsum certaminis diem, Liv.: sub finem certaminis, Liv.: sub horam pugnae, Suet.: sub tempus (sc. comitiorum), Liv.: sub tempus edendi, Hor.: sub lumina prima, Hor.: sub galli cantum, Hor.: sub adventum, Liv. – b) indem dasselbe nachfolgt = nach, sogleich nach, unmittelbar nach (vgl. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 8, 43. Fabri Liv. 21, 2, 1. Wölffl. Liv. 21, 18, 14), sub eas litteras statim recitatae sunt tuae, Cic.: sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit, Liv.: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, Liv.: sub hoc erus... inquit, Hor.

C) von Zuständen, zur Bezeichnung einer Unterordnung = unter, sub potestatem redigere, Nep.: matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis, Liv.

➳ sub ist in Zusammensetzungen: a) = unter. – b) = etwas, ein wenig (s. Donat. Ter. Andr. 2, 6, 16.) – c) = unter der Hand, heimlich.

sub [CL] 1 (w. abl.) below, beneath, under. b (absol. as adv.) underneath, below, beneath. c on the underside of. d under (covering), in (clothing, or sim.). e under (the surface of). f (fig., w. ref. to true nature or sim.) under, behind (surface appearance or sim.). g within, inside (mass). h (transf., w. num. expression) less or fewer than. i in, within (larger number). V. et. desub. Guthlac ‥ sub testudine tecti quo sederet ventinulam posuit Felix Guthl. 39; lumen non sub modio sed super candelabrum ‥ poni [Matth. v 15] Eddi 1; pedifer debet sedere sub pedibus regis Leg. Wall. A 11; 1246 vulneraverunt M. ‥ cum una sagitta sub mamilla sinistra SelPlForest 80; accendatur ignis sub eo [sc. sale] M. Scot Lumen 245; hec oratio ‥ dicatur super nubentes sub pallio prosternentes Miss. Heref. 439; [cancri] decoquantur sub cineribus donec caro resolvatur J. Mirfield Brev. 84.  b 1343 nos ‥ concessisse ‥ Petro ‥ unam placeam terre ‥ ad congrue edificandum sub et supra Rec. Leic. II 56 (cf. ib.: P. ‥ placeam terre ‥ in omnibus necessariis sumptibus suis ‥ sub et supra sustentabunt); pausa ‥ semibrevis perfecte unam lineam tangit, dimidiam partem spatii sub et supra occupans Hauboys 336.  c habet maculam sub foliis Alph. 147.  d tam incorrupta mens potest esse sub istis vestibus quam sub tuis discissis pellibus W. Malm. GR II 218; que ter quinque vivens annis / regularibus sub pannis / claustrali regimine (De Sancta Wenefreda) Anal. Hymn. XL 372; panis ‥ portatus in brachiis vel sub mantargio MGL I 358; cum ‥ / pauperizent Arabes sub toga mendici Pol. Songs 28.  e custoditos sub terra viventes in papilionibus suis Comm. Cant. I 431; tripudians pandis calido sub pectore venis Frith. 137; sub aquis ‥ tria hec animalium genera spiritum trahunt Gir. IK II 3.  f latebat sub cupiditate ratio persuasibilis W. Malm. GR IV 366; falsum sub imagine veri / palliat Nig. Mir. BVM 40; admiranda ‥ est sub modico discrimine tam magna diversitas Gir. TH 88.  g qui triduo servas coeti sub viscere vatem (Vers.) Bede CuthbP 42.  h c1365 si ‥ disputatores arcium fuerint quatuor pauciores, de unica disputacione in ebdomada sint contenti. theologi ‥ si sub quaterno fuerint vel excedant, in theologia sexta feria vel alia ‥ disputabunt Cant. Coll. Ox. III 170.  i subsuperpartiens numerus ‥ continetur sub numero superpartienti cum aliquibus partibus suis Bart. Angl. XIX 122. 2 down (with)in, at the base of (depression or sim.). sub caverna montis quomodocumque iter nostrum direximus W. Malm. GR II 170; herba sub vestigiis assidue transeuntium non marcescebat nec attrita terebatur Coggesh. Visio 11; deturpant oculos frontis sub valle sepultos / silva supercilii continuusque sopor (Vers.) Latin Stories app. 198. 3 under (load, burden, pressure, or sim.). sub pondere scaevo Aldh. VirgV 733 (v. 1 pondus 2b); videbam ‥ collectos ‥ criminum parilitate ‥ pariliter estuare et ejulare sub penarum cumulis Ad. Eyns. Visio 15; Christus ‥ sub nostre mortalitatis cinere in clibano crucis tortus et coctus est sed reversatus est iste panis ‥ per gloriam resurrectionis P. Blois Ep. Sup. 16. 23; dulci sub pondere Walt. Wimb. Carm. 32; 1332 W. per infortunium cecidit sub quodam muro unde recepit mortem RCoron 81 (cf. ib. 82: W. currit in gardino sub quodam muro et ‥ murus super ‥ W. cecidit); in tritura aree grana sub paleis premuntur Holcot Wisd. 180. 4 under (cover, shelter, or sim., for protection, concealment, deception, or sim.); b (in fig. context). c (sub abscondito) under cover, in hiding, in (a) secret (place). d (sub absconso chlamydis or sim.) in disguise, (also fig.) under or behind a cloak (of). e (sub specie or sim.) in the guise, costume, or character of. f in the shape or form of, with or under the appearance of. armis sub vestibus occultatis W. Malm. GR IV 386; ut ‥ regis voluntati ‥ melius sub hac palliatione conveniret V. Thom. A 17; vexillum imperatoris non in angulo, non sub tecto, sed palam mundo ostenditur H. Bos. LM 1331A; pullos plumigera teneros sub veste recondit Neckam DS II 501.  b 934 (10c) tota populi generalitate sub alis regiae dapsilitatis ovanti CS 702; 934 (14c) tota magnatorum generalitate sub ulnis regie dapsilitatis ovanti Ib. 704; jacebat sub oblivionis obscuro celeste margaritum W. Malm. GP IV 181; sub umbra alarum parentum latuit scholaris Neckam NR II 40; sub ovino vellere ‥ lupinam crudelitatem palliando M. Par. Min. I 330; tunc [virgo] sumat nos sub pallio J. Howd. Cyth. 148. 7; s1355 ut in civitate Avinoniae sub alis domini pape manerent in tuto Avesb. f. 127b.  c tunc quidem erant signa regalia tam cervi quam corone sub abscondito posita Dieul. f. 145; s1448 in aula sua ‥ sub abscondito, ut personalem eludere posset citationem, latitabat MunAcOx 586.  d sciens eum sub absconso clamide virorum principum inhesisse blanditiis (Quad., Pref. Leg. Hen.) GAS 545; ille [S. Sebastianus] sub absconso chlamydis Christi militem gerebat absconditum W. Fitzst. Thom. 26; ipse sub absconso chlamydis canonicalis Christi et beati Benedicti monachum gerebat absconditum Ib. 149; abbas magnanimum se exhibebat ‥ ut exordinationes suas sub absconso chlamyde tegeret Chr. Evesham 104; 1295 sub dissimulacionis et connivencie clamide pertransire Reg. Cant. 2.  e sub spetie mimi subiens tentoria W. Malm. GR II 121; veniant ‥ due persone nude pedes sub personis apostolorum Johannis et Petri Med. Stage II 317; intravit quidam tabernam sub specie ribaldi Latin Stories 76.  f sub figura coronae perpetis Bede HE V 22; seque sequentibus una solet sub melle venenum / largiri Hwætberht Aen. 18 (Iniquitas et justitia) 3; nasus sub acuta piramide prominebat R. Cold. Cuthb. 70. 5 as represented by or embodied in. b (as) encapsulated or expressed by or in, by way of, in (form of words or sim.); c (w. ref. to allegory, concealment of meaning, or sim.). sub duabus speciebus hoc sacramentum sumitur Gir. GE I 8; 1433 de sacramento altaris sub utraque specie a laicis sumendo Reg. Cant. III 249.  b 801 omne opus secundum capitula ejusdem evangelii distinxi, ac sub numero septem librorum consummavi Alcuin Ep. 213; sub brevi summa universa percurrens T. Mon. Will. I prol. p. 7; c1206 de munditia cordis transeo sub paucitate verborum P. Blois Ep. Sup. 69. 10; 1321 litteras ‥ recepimus, sub tenore sequenti Lit. Cant. I 53; Christus voluit predicta esse excipienda a potestate quam sub generalibus verbis indulsit Petro Ockham Pol. I 37; accipit majorem suam sub hoc sensu ‥ Ib. I 344; s1452 legit in aperto coram omnibus ‥ sub hiis verbis Reg. Whet. I 17.  c fingentes sub quodam involucro Dardanum venatorem raptum ad pocula P. Blois Ep. 56 (v. involucrum 4b); sub quodam involucro verborum comunium Wycl. Ver. I 365 (v. involucrum 4a). 6 at the foot of, at the base of. b in the lee of. c close up to, near to, in the (immediate) vicinity of. d at the edge of, below, (just) beyond (the end of). leo ‥ quem Hercules sub rupe Nemeaei montis occidit Lib. Monstr. II 1; 1202 inventus fuit noctu sub pariete thalami ad faciendum ei dedecus SelPlCrown 44; 13‥ [v]ena sub pollice, si minuatur, contra caliditatem corporis valet multum Tabula Phlebotomiae; intra sub muris due molendine volvuntur G. Hen. V 4.  b [naute] vi tempestatis depulsi tandem sub insula quadam modica se receperunt, ubi ‥ anchorarum morsu ‥ se vix retinuerunt Gir. TH III 26.  c 1171 (c1280) panni sub castello extra portam de sud (Ch.) Reg. Wint. 629; c1200 dedit ‥ terram ‥ et dravam sub molendino MonA VI 482b.  d 1165 ad rivum qui dividit terram de M. et eandem terram versus meridiem, usque sub ipsa villa de H. Feod. Durh. 121n; 1388 in Stubbyng sub villam xl acras prati et valet qualibet acra per annum xj d. IMisc 240 (12); 1430 sepem ad firmandam piscariam suam sub gardino suo ‥ in aqua de Skerin Feod. Durh. 51. 7 immediately behind, closely following; b (mil., w. ref. to banners etc. as symbol of affiliation or loyalty). c (transf., mus., of pitch) immediately below. sub duce prefato si forte recedis ab aula, / sospes et ut tutus quolibet ire queas J. Sal. Enth. Phil. 1513.  b sub signis eorum militabant Gothi et Wascones W. Malm. GR IV 349.  c sub principali Odington 81 (v. parypate); B molle dicitur habere semitonium sub se et tonum supra se Tunst. 222b. 8 immediately before or ahead of (event), on the verge or point of. percutitur juvenis currenti peste per artus, / aegrotusque diu dubia sub morte jacebat Alcuin SS Ebor 1615; qui veniam rogitans inimicis morte sub ipsa, / pro famulis veniam poscere certe valet Id. Carm. 88. 6. 3; s1254 Johannes Maurus ipsum [Henricum] potionatum et adhuc sub morte palpitantem quodam manutergio suffocavit M. Par. Abbr. 336. 9 under (the sky, stars, or sim.); b (w. ref. to particular region). c (sub divo or dio) in the open air. d in or exposed to (meteorological conditions or sim., also in fig. context). humano genere multiplicato ‥ sub astris minus producuntur monstra Lib. Monstr. I pref.; c803 jusserat hic hominem rebus dominare sub astris (Vers.) Alcuin Ep. 309; non est aliud sub sole quod mallem AncrR 92; tu, qui vides omnia, / sub et supra sydera Ledrede Carm. 37. 7.  b [Britannia] prope sub ipso septentrionali vertice mundi jacet, lucidas aestate noctes habet Bede HE I 1; Aethiopes ‥ sub tertio zonarum ferventissimo et torrido mundi circulo demorantur Lib. Monstr. I 9 (cf. ib.: nives sub gelido septemtrionis arcto in vij ulnas consurgunt).  c Apollonius ‥ gentilium turmas ‥ debachantes ‥ quasi radicitus fixas sub divo [gl.: dyrnum, swellendum] et torrido solis caumate immobiles manere fecit Aldh. VirgP 38; residens sub divo jussit Augustinum ‥ ad suum ‥ advenire colloquium Bede HE I 25; noctu sub dio quiescentes Gosc. Aug. Maj. 46; preferens tanquam aptiorem plebem rusticam que sub divo et in labore nutritur, solis patiens, negligens umbre J. Sal. Pol. 593B; recubat ‥ martyr vero sub divo luciflue columne Ciren. I 358.  d raro me quisquam cernet sub luce serena Aldh. Aen. 35 (Nycticorax) 4; donec quadrati praepollens conditor orbis / florida sub nimbis formasset saecla supernis Id. VirgV 514; dormit Elias sub umbra juniperi (Lit.) M. Rievaulx 63; 1241 vivos ‥ per longos tractus maris sub caumate intollerabili adustos ‥ usque Neapolim ‥ pertrahuntur Flor. Hist. II 246; dum consuetudinaliter meridionalis sub intemperie temporis sola ‥ deambulans in pomerio E. Thrip. SS VII 5. 10 under, exposed or subject to (instrument, force, circumstances, etc.). b (sub ictu) within range, to hand. c exposed to (the senses, attention, or sim.). d in the face of (circumstances, state of affairs, or sim.). sub dente primum multa ruminans Gildas EB 34; in ecclesia catholica redempti salvantur, et ceteris sub morte remanentibus, vita que Christus est perfruuntur H. Reading (I) Mem. 1304D; jam annus est ‥ ex quo sub usuris voracibus vixi D. Lond. Ep. 1; 1241 sub vinculis et arcta custodia ‥ usque Neapolim ‥ pertrahuntur Flor. Hist. II 246; †663 (14c) sub diris dentibus salamandri Cerberique rictibus reatum exsolvat CS 121 (cf. ib. 588: †901 (14c) ); 1356 paciatur judicium corporis sui sub pilloria MunAcOx 185.  b omnibus ut fieret parvus sopor, esca sub ictu [ed. PLAC: actu] Alcuin SS Ebor 866.  c quasi sub oculis nostris Ailr. Serm. 9. 2. 251C (v. oculus 2d); 1340 predictos Codicem et Digestum ‥ precedente nostra auctoritate judiciali et sub aspectu judiciario ‥ deliberavit FormOx 123; nihil cognoscitur ab intellectu nisi quod prius fuit sub sensu; sed intellecciones numquam fuerunt sub sensu Ockham Quodl. 78.  d metuens ne sub tali scandalo ‥ fieret animarum destitutio Osb. V. Elph. 126; latet ‥ sub otio ‥ plerumque virtus et eruditio Gir. TH intr. p. 5; c1342 considerans ‥ omnem carnem sub indeficienti fluxibilitate dissolvi FormOx 114. 11 under, in (circumstances), to the accompaniment of. b before, in the presence of (cf. et. 13, 15, & 16 infra). congregata sinodo non parva, sub presentia ‥ regis Egfridi Bede CuthbP 24; in die palmarum fratres sub silentio ordinatim eant ad aecclesiam Ælf. EC 7; c1156 transaccionem que sub nostra presencia super terra ‥ confirmata fuit Doc. Theob. 20; sic ‥ sub obtuso grossioris chorde sonitu, gracilium tinnitus licentius ludunt ‥ ut pars artis maxima videatur artem velare Gir. TH III 11; quasi sub pace prelia dum cogitant Id. DK I 8; hiis [libris] bellico sub procinctu pro telis vel armis ‥ utendum Ad. Eyns. Hug. II 13.  b videres artifices tanquam reos sub judicibus et quaestoribus ac fulmine trepidantes Gosc. Transl. Aug. 17B; 1134 [donationem] sigilli mei impressione curavi roborare. sub his testibus, domino meo ‥ Chr. Rams. 318. 12 in the course of, for the length of, during, within. b for (a period of time). c in the time of, (pregn.) in the lifetime of. d during the reign or period in office of. e at the time of. f at (a time), on (a day), in (a month or year). sub cujusdam temporis cursibus Felix Guthl. 37; ex quo presentis maneat sub tempore vite Æthelwulf Abb. 486; agressi sunt sub nocturno silentio eandem infringere basilicam latrocinandi studio Abbo Edm. 15; s1184 regnavit sub his diebus in Jerusalem Baldewinus M. Par. Maj. II 321; hedera Jone, sub una nocte exhorta, sub una itidem nocte ‥ exaruit Ad. Eyns. Hug. IV 2.  b cum pauco sub tempore non paucam Domino plebem adquisisset Bede HE III 21; liber adest populus sub longo tempore servus Wulf. Poems 12.  c rex ‥ inique vitam ducens sub uxore propria alteram adamavit Byrht. V. Osw. 402; pontifex Odo, frater regis, et sub rege absente praeceptor Angliae Gosc. Transl. Aug. 37D; hec pelex ‥ illa que sub uxore habetur vel ante uxorem habita est dimissa Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 416.  d sub quibus regibus gesta sint ‥ cognovimus Bede HE pref. p. 6; sub abbate Duunchado Ib. V 22; 747 sub paganis imperatoribus Bonif. Ep. 78; [dim' solin] Ultan' tenuit sub Heraldo DB I 6rb.  e sub nostro adventu Osb. Bawdsey cliv.  f habitabat ergo cum eo sub illo tempore unus frater, Beccel nomine Felix Guthl. 50; c763 (12c) audiant vocem aeterni judicis sub fine mundi CS 194; reliquias ‥ sub die IIII Iduum Septembrium ‥ transtulit Wulf. Æthelwold 43; 1173 ut natalem ‥ martyris die passionis ejus sollenniter sub annis singulis celebretis (Bulla Papae) Diceto YH 370; quatinus sub die ultima ‥ alacriter refloreat Ad. Eyns. Hug. V 1; Thomas tradidit eam monacho ‥ sub anno Domini MCLXVII Eul. Hist. I 407; sub anno gratie MCLIII Meaux I 113; s1480 acta sunt hec ‥ sub anno Domini, indiccione, pontificatu, mense, die, et loco predictis Reg. Whet. II 215. 13 by (the operation of), by means of, by virtue of, through (the use of), under the action or effects of, with. b by (person), at the hands of; c (w. ref. to justices presiding over court or circuit; cf. et. 11b supra & 15 infra). d in (language, style, or sim.). e in (manner or state), by or with (the employment or application of quality or property). moxque medelifero morbi cessere sub haustu Bede CuthbV 581; sola essencia presens sub esse actuali est essencia. si nomen significat essenciam, significat presentem sub esse actuali Bacon CSTheol. 55; 1265 papiliones nostros ‥ ad vos sub salvo conductu ‥ transmittatis Cl 63; 1314 ad solucionem predictorum questarum seu servicii sub alia moneta quam solvere consueverunt faciendam RGasc IV 1234; quare sub voce preconis non jussisti eum introire sed per cursorem? Eul. Hist. I 93; hoc concedi potest sub bono intellectu Ockham Pol. II 830; investigatur de proposicione ‥ et respondetur sub distinccione Id. Dial. 458 tit..  b judex omnium sub judice homine damnatus est H. Reading (I) Fid. Cath. 1325A.  c s1285 facta itineratio justiciariorum in comitatu Northamtonie, sub justiciariis dominis J. de V., W. de S. ‥ et aliis Oxnead Chr. 266.  d 1314 composicio ‥ sub lingua Vascon' scripta RGasc IV 1227; s1326 accusatus sub lingua Gallica in hiis verbis Ann. Paul. 317; 1427 proclamaciones ‥ fiant ‥ sub Latino StatOx 233; 1433 de papa ad universitatem sub mediocri stilo seu figura FormOx 446 tit. (cf. ib. 447 tit.: sub graviori figura seu stilo).  e ut calcient se ‥ sub festinatione RegulC 31; a B molli incipiunt et in idem redeunt ut cuncta sub jocunde sonoritatis dulcedine compleantur Gir. TH III 11; ad reges ‥ semper rerum eventus notabiles sub celeritate feruntur Id. RG I 7; 1272 super facto ‥ nequivimus aliquid vobis sub certitudine nunciare Cl 546; 1304 vestram ‥ paternitatem rogamus ‥ sub confidentia speciali FormOx 7; officium subcellerarie sub certo constituit et carta sua confirmavit Whittlesey 145; a1341 sub ea qua possemus festinancia Pri. Cold. 27; quod sub brevitate incluserat repetit Eul. Hist. I 13. 14 at the stimulus of, under the influence of. b for (the sake of), in (the hope of), with a view to. c (sub colore or sim., also pregn. w. ref. to pretended source of authority) under or on the pretext of. d for, on the basis of, in respect of (property or sim.), (also sub nomine w. gen., w. ref. to putative cause). 1254 in suo servicio diu sub ardore fidei laboraverunt RGasc I 343b; 1393 ad ‥ cantariam viginti solidos contulit sub illa intencione quod quilibet sacerdos ‥ viginti solidos de predecessore suo recipiet Lit. Cant. III 23; s1460 dum populus fluctuaret taliter sub dubio Reg. Whet. I 376.  b 803 ut me sub spe revertendi ad Sanctum Martinum dimisisses Alcuin Ep. 265; sub optentu veniae Folc. V. Bot. Pref. 373; 1321 sub deliberacione hincinde habenda saniori Reg. Sal. I 201; 1428 sub deliberacione maturiori in hac parte habenda ‥ dominus ‥ continuavit convocacionem usque in crastinum Reg. Cant. III 192.  c filium provehere conabatur, ut ipsa potius sub ejus nomine imperitaret W. Malm. GR II 161; aut sub pretextu religionis ‥ aut sub obtentu necessitatis J. Sal. Met. 832A; ne forte sub nomine sacerdotis heresim introducat T. Chobham Praed. 193; 1264 conspirationem suscitarunt, quam ‘gildam’ sub colore appellari fecerunt Gild Merch. II 30, Fleta 27, sub eo ‥ colore ut tria monasteria construeret Higd. VII 23 p. 58 (v. 3 color 3b); 1333 qui de oppressionibus ‥ indebitis ‥ eis per vicecomitem et ballivos sub colore ballivarum suarum illatis voluerunt conqueri LTR Mem 105 m. 138.  d †680 (10c) hanc libertatem sub estimatione lxx tributariorum taxavimus CS 50; sub nomine levitatis et inconstantie propositum accusare Adel. ED 4; si sciens heresim esse damnatam non tenetur scire sub quo sensu sit damnata, licet tenuerit sensum damnatum, non est statim hereticus judicandus Ockham Dial. 458. 15 subordinate to, subject to (the authority, instruction, or control of), under, beneath; b (feud. or sim., w. ref. to land tenure); c (as source of protection or sim.); d (with ref. to hierarchical division of whole into constituent parts, kind into subkinds, or sim.; cf. et. 19 infra); e (sub numero, w. ref. to order or measure). f (absol., in quot. in quasi-sb. phr. sub et supra) order, (rank or position in) hierarchy. g (w. ref. to gambling) on (outcome of game of chance). h under, in accordance with (the provisions of). i under, in accordance with, or in recognition or fulfilment of (obligations arising from). j following, in accordance with (model, custom, or sim.). sub potestate positus ejusdem Aedilbercti, qui omnibus ‥ Anglorum gentibus imperabat Bede HE II 3; 838 familiae ‥ monasteriorum qui antiquitus sub jure dominioque ‥ constituti fuerint CS 421; c1156 in omnes terras eorum que sub vestra jurisdiccione sunt Doc. Theob. 20; respondit sese locum mansionis querere, petens ab illo portionem regni Britannie ubi sub ipso vivere potuisset M. Par. Maj. I 60 (= Flor. Hist. I 63); quod unus serviens ibidem sit ‥ qui duos habeat sub se custodes Cart. Chester 87.  b episcopus tenet ‥ j hidam et Wadard de eo et Gerold sub eo DB I 238vb; poterit esse ‥ manerium capitale et plura continere sub se maneria non capitalia ‥ quasi sub uno capite et dominio uno Bracton f. 212.  c quaedam femina ‥ pro defensione sub abbatia se misit DB I 32vb; se et terras suas sub Brictrici potestate submiserunt DB I 163vb.  d an heresis sit species specialissima, vel sub se plures species habens Ockham Dial. 422; pleonasmos et sub eo parelcon et epanalepsis Linacre Emend. Lat. xxii v.  e innumeros [globos] sub numero consignasti J. Howd. Cant. 55.  f 1456 ut ordo judicum ‥ secundum sub et supra certius cognoscatur StatOx 277 (cf. ib.: supra ebdomadarium et officialem proximus sit cancellarius).  g thesaurum siquidem, quem habes, in vase fictili hactenus quasi sub eventu aleae posuisti P. Blois Ep. 76.  h sub disciplinis ipsius caste Deo vivere Felix Guthl. 35; s1399 sub magna carta regis Ad. Usk 40; s1404 coactum est parliamentum Coventreiam sed sub brevi novi tenoris, ne ‥ eligerentur milites Ann. Hen. IV 391.  i 1155 presentibus electis, sub professione canonica, manum benedictionis impone Lit. Cant. III 366; 1220 sub debito sacramenti vestri Pat 226 (v. debere 6c); a1380 custodes cistarum ‥ sub sue fidelitatis debito tenebuntur StatOx 185; s1330 sub pacto inito cum predictis Thorne 2056; 1528 [graduati] exequiis ipsis ‥ sub fidelitatis debito interesse tenebuntur StatOx 335.  j c775 (12c) sub christiana religione vitae caelestis praemia consequi desiderat CS 260; more sub antiquo benedictionem sibi dari expostulavit V. Neot. A 8. 16 under the guarantee of or provided by (in respect of authenticity, authority, or sim.); b (sub sigillo, bulla, or sim.). c (sub fide) on oath. d (sub testimonio) in the presence of witnesses, (w. gen.) witnessed by. 1033 (12c) sub astipulatione primatum CD 752 (cf. CS 514: †866 (11c) sub astipulatione testium idoneorum); †1026 (12c) proscribimus ‥ per has apices quas perpetualiter liberas esse cupimus sub attestatione sanctae et individuae trinitatis omnes antiquiores testamentorum litteras hujus praedii CD 743; sicut ‥ amicis sub lacrymarum testimonio referre solitus erat J. Sal. Thom. 7; s1178 sub attestatione tremendi judicii asserebat se ipsum ‥ martirem vidisse M. Par. Maj. I 404.  b 948 ego Eadredus ‥ donationem sub sigillo sanctae crucis indeclinabiliter consensi atque roboravi CS 869; s1178 rex ‥ fieri fecit chartam ‥ de dote ‥ sub bulla aurea Trevet Ann. 89; sic habetur sub bulla ‥ sed textus Biblie est ‥ Ockham Pol. II 788; errorum quamplurimi ‥ ad diversas mundi plagas sub bulla sunt transmissi Id. I. & P. 3; 1432 [litteras] datas sub magno sigillo nostro (AssizeR) March. S. Wales 78; 1460 de mandato ejusdem literatorio sub signeto et subscripcione ostenso super compotum ExchScot VII 26; 1545 sub annulo piscatoris Conc. Scot. I cclxii.  c Gerv. Cant. Chr. 199 (v. 1 fides 6c).  d 798 donationem meam sub inlustrium testimonio vivorum ‥ confirmo CS 293; canonici ‥ nullum ad eas [moniales] haberent accessum nisi pro administrando aliquo divino sacramento sub multorum testimonio Canon. G. Sempr. f. 53 (cf. ib.: nemini licet ‥ intrare nisi sub plurium comitantium testimonio); c1220 ipsam [concessionem] presenti scripto sub multorum testimonio communimus Cart. Chester 134; sub ejus testimonio fieri debent brevia Fleta 82; breve suum ‥ datum sub testimonio ipsius regis MGL II 144. 17 subject to or under (state, condition, restriction, or sim.); b (arrangement, agreement, or sim.); c (w. ref. to money-lending subject to interest, surety, or sim.). d on condition of, subject to, or in the expectation of (fulfilment or discharge of future duty, obligation, or sim.), in respect of or for (anticipated payment). e under threat of, on pain of (penalty, form of retribution, or sim.); f (w. poena or sim. & gen. cf. poena 3 & 4). 697 sub anathematis interdictione sciat se praevaricari CS 97; 749 (12c) si quis ‥ contra hanc donationis cartulam ‥ venire nititur, sit sub anathemate Judae CS 178; 801 (12c) terram ‥ sub perpetua libertate concedimus CS 303; a804 vivas feliciter sub timore Dei Alcuin Ep. 276; sub gravi interminatione Eccl. & Synag. 106; sub abbatis oboedientia Anselm (Ep. 38) III 148 (v. oboedientia 1c); prepositus regis ‥ mittat eum sub plegio [AS: under borge] (Quad.) GAS 221; s1107 duce Roberto cum comite Moritonii in Angliam sub captione premissis Eadmer HN p. 219; s1205 ubi ancille Dei sub perpetua clausura, sub arto silentio jocundum suo Creatori exhibent famulatum Trevet Ann. 178; donationum quedam libera ‥ et quedam sub condicione vel sub modo suspensa Bracton f. 11b.  b barones ‥ milites suos et proprios servientes suos ‥ sub suo friborgo habebant (Leg. Ed.) GAS 647; c1180 nos ‥ ecclesiam beati Martini ‥ sub protectione Dei ‥ et nostra suscepisse Lit. Cant. III 372; c1242 ita ut ‥ panni ‥ cum eisdem [communibus pannis] ‥ sub communi custu fullerentur Meaux II 65; ipsos constituentes sub alternacione procuratores nostros Ann. Durh. 61; 1342 loco nostro constituimus ‥ G. ‥ et W. ‥ sub alternacione ad dandum ‥ nomine nostro ‥ seisinam ‥ de uno mesuagio Deeds Balliol 25; 1363 aulam collegiatam, sub certo studencium numero ‥ fundavimus Eul. Hist. II 335.  c 1260 summam pecunie sub gravibus usuris super jocalia nostra mutuo cepimus ad expensas hospicii nostri Cl 240; 1290 nullus Judeus ‥ extunc aliquid sub usura Christiano alicui mutuaret super terris SelPlJews xl; 1432 prestetur mutuum ‥ sub reali et sufficiente pignore StatOx 250.  d c1180 vicariam ‥ quam tenebit de nobis, sub annua pensione quinque solidorum quos persolvet nobis Lit. Cant. III 357; c1180 sub pensione unius marce inde ‥ reddende Ch. Westm. 288; 1279 tenendum ab ipso ‥ sub homagio et servicio nobis debitis pro castro RGasc II 91b (cf. ib. 1682: 1316 custodiam castri ‥ habendam ‥ sub vadiis consuetis que ‥ non sufficiunt hiis diebus ad custodiam predictam faciendam); 1361 postea ‥ condonatur, sub bono gestu suo imposterum Gild Merch. II 94; 1366 sub bono gestu suo in futurum Mem. York II 9; s1330 sub pacto inito cum predictis sub certo x li. Thorne 2056; 1465 lego ‥ meam aliam murram ‥ sub consimili desiderio MunAcOx 711.  e c1155 prohibentes sub anathemate ne quis in bona eorum manum violentam extendat Doc. Theob. 62; 1254 sub incurramento omnium que de rege tenet (Cl) RGasc I 461b; 1262 ne ‥ ad arma ire presumat sine licencia regis speciali ‥ sub amissione omnium terrarum Cl 133; 1310 sub forisfactura omnium RScot 86a (v. forisfacere 2b); sub anathemate precepit ut nullus eum sepeliret Eul. Hist. I 186.  f 933 (10c) sub aeternae maledictionis anathemate edacibus innumerabilium tormentorum flammis sine defectu periturum CS 694; 1299 vobis in virtute obedientie ‥ et sub interminatione anathematis ‥ inhibemus ne ‥ Lit. Cant. I 27; 1328 sub pena amissionis ‥ arreragiorum Reg. Paisley 28; 1432 sub pena xx li. ad opus dicti comitis solvendarum tociens quociens in hoc articulo aliquis deliquerit (AssizeR) March. S. Wales 81. 18 under (title of work or sim., in quot. w. ref. to letter, record, or sim., identified by formula of date and place). b in, within (work; cf. et. 15 supra). 1337 in terris ‥ infrascriptis sub eadem data RScot 505b; 1442 literam mihi a vobis ultimo destinatam, sub data London VI die Septembris Pri. Cold. 144.  b c1318 sicut cetera sub illo [sc. Veteri] Testamento, secundum apostolicam sentenciam figura temporis est instantis FormOx 30. 19 under the (notional) heading of, in the category of, as, qua (cf. et. 4, 5, & 15 supra). b (w. ref. to notional, adopted, or pretended identity or affiliation) under (the name of). [sapientia] diabolica quantum ad hereticas et magicas [sc. scientias], sub quibus continentur . . divinationes et auguria et sortilegia Fishacre Sent. Prol. 79; sub vestitu ‥ tunicacio, capacio, pallicacio Bacon XV 232; 1309 balena et porpiscus non comprehendantur sub hoc nomine (AssizeR) S. Jers. XVIII 42; datum fuit apostolis sub precepto, aliis autem datum fuit sub consilio Ockham Pol. II 791; necesse est quod altera istarum doctrinarum contineatur sub heretica pravitate Id. Dial. 473; s1399 impetravi ‥ dominium ‥ sub gloriosa fortuna per regem confirmari Ad. Usk 40.  b contra quos sub nomine Manicheorum pugnabat [Julianus] Bede Cant. 1069; quum ‥ sub ipso nomine Christianitatis maxima pars hominum paganizet Colet Sacr. Eccl. 75. 20 (w. acc.) to or into a position beneath, below, or under, down into or under; b (w. ref. to burden; cf. et. 26 infra); c (w. ref. to app. rel. position of heavenly bodies). idcirco penetrant Erebi sub tristia nigri / Tartara Plutonis plangentes ignea regis Bonif. Aen. (Justitia) 73; Rheni sub fluminis undas / corpora proiciunt Alcuin SS Ebor 1057; Bachus, reor, impius ille, / qui sub cuncta cupit vertere corda male Id. Carm. 57. 31; tumuli fodiendo sub imum Wulf. Swith. I 961; petra quam posuerunt sub [v. l. super] caput Domini Descr. Constant. 245; confugite sub alas Patris vestri Hon. Spec. Eccl. 891D; 1291 crates piscarie sub pontem ‥ attachiari non poterant Pipe Chesh 156.  b sub juga nullatenus fortia colla dabit Alcuin Carm. 93. 12; regulis quos pater sub jugum miserat rebellantibus W. Malm. GR I 10; alius equus ‥ a Deo missus, sub currum sancti Aidi statim venit (Aiduus 52) VSH II 309.  c donec [sol] sub pleyades redeat eadem [terrena] constringuntur Petrus Peripat. 104. 21 (so as to reach) up to (from below). hostia summa patris pretioso sanguine Christus / permundans orbem regna sub alta vocat Alcuin Carm. 117. 5. 22 to (a lower place), down to. eduxit eos sub ripam quo ipse noctu pervigil orare consueverat Bede CuthbP 11. 23 to or along the foot of. b up to (the edge of), as far as. Grithfridus ‥ cum tribus navibus sub montem qui dicitur Hormaheva littori appulsus est Ord. Vit. VIII 4 p. 284.  b nec te spes revocet sub dulcia regna Suranae Alcuin Carm. 8. 17. 24 (just) before (time or event). b until. 1554 orationes duae ‥ quarum una in aurora, altera sub noctem repetatur (Stat. Coll. Magd.) DocCantab 347 tit..  b sepe sub diem pernoctabat orans in ecclesiis et mane in curia primus coram aderat ad mensam domini G. Crispin Herl. 13. 25 following (occurrence or sim.). ut ipsis auctoribus nichil sub decessum suum novaretur Ord. Vit. IV 2 p. 167. 26 (so as to fall) subject or subordinate to (authority, person, or sim.). b under, subject to (restriction, condition, or sim.). c690 (13c) [terram] perpetuavi sub manus Christicolarum CS 40; c1145 volo ‥ vos scire hanc predictam elemosinam sub manutenentiam meam fore Regesta Scot. 32.  b 1218 Henricus C. Rogerus P. ‥ sint sub plegios Eyre Yorks 389; legatus ‥ episcopos Anglie sub interminationem sentencie ad se invitavit Chr. Battle (1258–65) 378. 27 (so as to come) under (the heading of), (so as to fall) within (a category, etc.). enumeratio conclusionis est, per quam res dispersae in unum locum coguntur et reminiscendi causa unum sub aspectum simul subiciuntur Alcuin Rhet. 33; vidit ‥ Aristoteles omnia problemata que sunt de simplici inherentia predicati cadere sub unam methodum Neckam NR II 173.

sŭb (6) (subs, cf. susque deque ), prép. avec abl. et acc.

I abl., ¶ 1 [sens local] : a) sous : sub terra habitare Cic. Nat. 2, 95, habiter sous terre ; sub pellibus hiemare Cæs. C. 3, 13, 5, passer lʼhiver sous des tentes || sub armis Cæs. C. 1, 41, 2, sous les armes ; sub sarcinis Cæs. G. 2, 17, 2, avec ses bagages, ou sub onere Cæs. C. 1, 66, 2 ; sub oculis alicujus Cæs. C. 1, 57, 4, sous les yeux de qqn ; sub corona, sub hasta vendere, mettre à lʼencan, v. ces mots ; sub ictu teli Liv. 28, 30, 8, à portée de trait ; Gallia sub septemtrionibus posita Cæs. G. 1, 16, 2, la Gaule située sous le septentrion || [avec v. de mouv^t ] : sub terra demissi sunt Liv. 22, 57, 6, ils furent jetés sous terre ; sub jugo mittere Liv. 3, 28, 11, envoyer sous le joug || [fig.] sub nomine pacis bellum latet Cic. Phil. 12, 17, sous le nom de paix se cache la guerre, cf. Agr. 3, 12 ; b) de dessous : sub terra Pl. Aul. 628, [sortir] de dessous terre, Cf. Capt. 730 ; c) au bas de, au pied de, près de : sub monte Cæs. G. 1, 21, 1 ; sub mœnibus Cic. Rep. 1, 17, au pied dʼune montagne, des remparts ; sub Novis Cic. de Or. 2, 266, aux Boutiques Neuves (v. Novæ ); d) immédiatement après : Virg. En. 5, 323 ; Sen. Ep. 94, 60 ; e) au fond de : sub pectore Virg. En. 1, 36, au fond du cœur ¶ 2 [temporel] au moment de : sub bruma Cæs. G. 5, 13, 3, au moment du solstice dʼhiver, cf. C. 1, 27, 3 ; Hirt. G. 8, 49, 2 || sub Domitiano Tac. Agr. 45, sous, au temps de Domitien, cf. Tac. Agr. 6 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 3, 5, 5 ¶ 3 [idée de sujétion] : sub regno esse Cic. Rep. 1, 60 ; Att. 7, 7, 5 ; sub rege Cic. Rep. 2, 43, être sous le régime monarchique, sous un roi ; sub alicujus dicione Cæs. G. 1, 31, 7, être sous la domination de qqn || sub specie pacis Liv. 36, 7, 12, sous lʼapparence de la paix ; sub nomine, sub condicione, v. ces mots ; sub lege, ne Suet. Aug. 21, sous la condition de ne pas... ; sub mortis pœna Suet. Cal. 48, sous peine de mort.

II acc. ¶ 1 [local] : a) sub jugum mittere Cæs. G. 1, 7, 4, envoyer sous le joug ; sub orbem solis se subjicere Cic. Rep. 1, 25, se placer sous le disque du soleil ; sub terras ire Virg. En. 4, 654, aller sous la terre || [fig.] sub judicium alicujus cadere Cic. Fin. 3, 61, tomber sous le (être exposé au) jugement de qqn ; quæ sub sensus subjecta sunt Cic. Ac. 2, 74, ce qui tombe sous les sens, cf. Cic. Or. 67 || sub Borean esse Luc. 7, 364, être sous Borée, au nord ; b) au pied de [avec mouv^t ] : sub montem succedere Cæs. C. 1, 45, 2, sʼavancer au pied de la montagne, cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 54 ; Hirt. G. 8, 41, 1 ; Liv. 44, 45, 7 ; Tac. H. 5, 11, etc. ¶ 2 [temporel] : a) vers, tout proche de : sub noctem Cæs. C. 1, 28, 3 ; sub vesperum Cæs. G. 2, 33, 1 ; sub lucem Cæs. G. 7, 83, 7, à lʼapproche de la nuit, du soir, du jour ; sub dies festos Cic. Q. 2, 1, 1, à proximité des fêtes ; sub galli cantum Hor. S. 1, 1, 10, vers lʼheure où le coq chante ; b) immédiatement après : sub eas (litteras) statim recitatæ sunt tuæ Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1, aussitôt après cette lettre la tienne fut lue, cf. Liv. 23, 15, 1 ; 23, 16, 3 ; 45, 10, 10, etc. ¶ 3 [idée de sujétion, avec v. de mouv^t ] : sub alicujus imperium dicionemque cadere Cic. Font. 12, tomber sous lʼautorité et la domination de qqn, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 144 ; Nep. Milt. 1, 4 ; sub legis vincula aliquid conjicere Liv. 4, 4, 10, mettre qqch. sous les liens dʼune loi, sous lʼempire dʼune loi.

III en composition sub [prép. ou préverbe] apporte lʼidée de : a) sous, dessous, par-dessous : subjaceo, subjicio, etc.; b) de bas en haut : sublatus, sublevo ; c) remplacement : succedo || immédiatement après : succresco, subinde, suboles ; succurro, subvenio ; d) secrètement, à la dérobée : subripio, subrepo ; e) un peu : subiratus, sublustris ; subaccuso || subs devient sus devant c, t, p : suscipio, sustineo, suspendo.

sub . praep. abl.
属。時。下。 {} 副。— conditione 設約。約定。— conditione dedit mihi {} — ea conditione ne quid postea scriberet 令之結約不再作何書。— nocte 夜間。— ipsa profectione 正起程之時。— primis annis 初幾年間。— Alexandro 亞立山年間。— ipso ore urbis 已在城前。— luce 日間。— armis manere 仍持兵器。— terra habitare 居地内。— ictu vel ictum 可擊及之。— oculis 在眼前。當面。Bacchi — nomine illa risit 聽巴幾名而笑。— eo magistro 化彼門下。

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sub . praep. acc.
將來。次。下。noctem 日將暮時。— orium lucis 天將亮。— horam pugnae 將交戰時。— eas litteras 此書倍後。— hanc vocem 此聲後。— ipsos muros 挨彼城墙。jugum vel jugo mittere 令過梁以辱之。— montem consedere 着落於山麓。

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sub

• (in composition sometimes sus- or sū-), praep.with acc.and abl.
• II. With abl., of position in space, under, below, beneath, underneath, behind: sub terrā habitare: cultrum sub veste abditum habere, L.: sub pellibus hiemare, Cs.: manet sub Iove frigido Venator, H.: sub hoc iugo dictator Aequos misit, L.: Pone (me) sub curru Solis, H. —Under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before: sub monte considere, Cs.: sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus: sub urbe, T.: Monte sub aërio, at, i. e. high upon, V.: sub ipsā acie, in the midst of the fight, V.: sub ipso Ecce volat Diores, close upon him, V.: sub oculis domini, Cs.—Under, burdened by, hampered by, bearing: sub armis, Cs.: sub onere, Cs.—Of time, in, within, during, at, by, in the time of: ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum inrumperent, Cs.: sub luce, at dawn, O.: sub luce videri, by daylight, H.: hoc sub casu, while suffering, V.: sub Domitiano, during the reign of, Ta.—Fig., under, subject to, in the power of, governed by: sub regno esse: quoius sub imperiost, T.: sub illorum dicione esse, Cs.: sub Hannibale, L.: sub iudice lis est, H.: venibit sub praecone Propontis, i. e. at auction.—Under, compelled by (poet.): exhalans sub volnere vitam, O.: quem falsā sub proditione Demisere neci, overwhelmed by, V.: in arma nullo sub indice veni, forced by no betrayer, O.—Under, concealed by, hidden in: sub hoc verbo furtum latet.—Rarely with specie or condicione (for the abl.alone): sub specie infidae pacis quieti, L.: sub tutelae specie, Cu.: sub condicione, L.: sub condicionibus, L.—
• IIII. With acc., of direction of motion, under, below, beneath: cum se luna sub orbem solis subiecisset: exercitum sub iugum mittere, Cs.: Ibis sub furcam, H.—Under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards: sub montem succedere, Cs.: missi sunt sub muros, L.: aedīs suas detulit sub Veliam: (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum, O.—Of time, before, on the approach of, towards, about, just before, up to, until: sub noctem naves solvit, Cs.: sub tempus (comitiorum) pueros ablegavit, L.: sub lumina prima, H.: sub dies festos: Usque sub extremum brumae imbrem, V.: quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem, L.—After, immediately after, following, just after, immediately upon: sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, L.: sub hoc, hereupon, H.—Fig., under, into subjection to, into the power of: sub legum potestatem cadere: matrimonium vos sub legis vincula conicitis, L.: sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati, Cu.: quae sub sensūs subiecta sunt.—
• IIIIII. In composition, sub is unchanged before vowels and before b, d, h, i consonant, l, n, s, t, v. The b is often assimilated before m, r, and usu. before c, f, g, p, but the form sus (for * subs, cf. abs) is found in suscenseo, suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustento, sustineo, sustollo, and sustuli (perf.of tollo); the form su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro. It denotes, in place, under, beneath, as in subdo, subicio.—Fig., in rank or power, under, inferior, as in subigo, subcenturio.—In degree, less, a little, somewhat, as in subabsurdus, subaccuso.—Secretly, underhandedly, as in subripio, suborno.