tribunal

trĭbūnal (moleste diligentibus permittamus et tribunale dicere, Quint. 1, 6, 17; yet trĭbūnāle is found Corp. Inscr. Lat. 206, 24), ālis, n. [tribunus].

• Lit.
• • • 1 A raised semicircular or square platform, on which the seats of magistrates were placed, a judgment-seat, tribunal (cf.: suggestus, sella): compleatur tribunal, Cic. Brut. 84, 290: popularis accessus ac tribunal, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 25: praetor tribunal suum juxta Trebonii praetoris urbani sellam collocavit, Caes. B. C. 3, 20; cf. Tac. A. 15, 29; Mart. 11, 98, 17: eum de tribunali deturbavit, Caes. B. C. 3, 21; Cic. Vatin. 9, 21: (praetor) palam de sellā ac tribunali pronuntiat, Si quis, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94: quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit, id. ib. 2, 5, 7, § 16: pro tribunali agere aliquid, id. Fam. 3, 8, 21; cf. id. Pis. 5, 11: qui dicunt apud tribunalia, Quint. 11, 3, 134; cf. id. 11, 3, 156: laudatum ex quattuor tribunalibus, id. 12, 5, 6: nobis in tribunali praetoris urbani sedentibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168: sedens pro tribunali, Liv. 39, 32, 11: Fulvius magnā circumfusus turbā ad tribunal consulis venit, id. 26, 22, 3; cf. Tac. A. 1, 75.—
    • 2 The elevation in the camp, from which the general addressed the soldiers or administered justice, Liv. 28, 27, 15; Tac. H. 3, 10; 4, 25; cf.: regium (sc. Porsenae), Liv. 2, 12, 6.—
    • 3 The seat of the praetor in the theatre, Suet. Aug. 44.—
    • 4 A tribunal erected as a monument to a deceased person of high rank: sepulcrum Antiochiae ubi crematus (Germanicus), tribunal Epidaphnae, quo in loco vitam finierat, Tac. A. 2, 83; Inscr. Orell. 4548.—
• II Transf., in gen., a mound, dam, embankment: tribunalia structa manibus ad experimenta altissimi aestūs, Plin. 16, 1, 1, § 3.—
• • B Of the persons who sit on a tribunal, the magistrates: omne forum quem spectat et omne tribunal, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 57.—
• III Trop., height, greatness: quid superest ad honoris mei tribunal et columen, ad laudis meae cumulum? App. Flor. 16, 144.

tribūnal, ālis, Abl. ālī, n. (= tributale [sc. suggestum], v. tribunus), das Tribunal, I) eig., eine in Gestalt eines Halbkreises herumlaufende Erhöhung od. Bühne, zu der Stufen führten, worauf vielleicht urspr. bloß der Tribun, später auch andere obrigkeitliche Personen auf ihrer sella curulis saßen, wenn sie öffentliche Amtshandlungen vornahmen, zB. der Konsul, wenn er die Komitien leitete, der Prätor mit seinem Gefolge in Rom (und der Proprätor od. Prokonsul in der Provinz), wenn er Gericht hielt od. sonst eine Amtshandlung öffentlich vornahm, tr. imperatoris, Auct. b. Alex.: in tribunali Pompei praetoris urbani sedentes, Cic.: sedens pro (vorn auf) tribunali, Liv.: pro tribunali agere alqd, Cic.: iussi de tribunali descendere legati, Liv.: dicere apud tribunalia, Quint.: de sella (curuli) ac tribunali pronuntiat, Cic.: tribunal ponere (aufschlagen), M. Caes. b. Fronto epist. ad M. Caes. 2, 3 (6). p. 28, 20 N. – v. erhöhten Sitze des Feldherrn im Lager, Liv. 28, 27, 15. Tac. hist. 3, 10 u. 4, 25; vgl. regium trib. (des Porsena), Liv. 2, 12, 6. – v. Sitze des Prätors im Theater, Suet. Aug. 44, 3. – meton., v. den auf dem Tribunal Sitzenden, omne forum (Markt = Volk) quem spectat et omne tribunal (Tribunal = Magistrate, Vornehme), Hor. ep. 1, 16, 57. – II) übtr.: A) ein Denkmal zur Erinnerung an einen Feldherrn od. eine Magistratsperson, eine Trauerbühne, Tac. ann. 2, 83. Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 1729 u. 1783. – B) jede Erhöhung, der Damm, Plin. 16, 3: dah. bildl., die Höhe, honoris mei, Apul. flor. 16. p. 24, 20 Kr. – ➳ Nbf. tribūnāle, is, n., Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 206. lin. 34 (von Quint. 1, 6, 17 getadelt).

tribunal [CL], dais or platform on which Roman tribune, magistrate, or judge was seated. b judgement seat (also transf., of court, or fig.); c (w. ref. to God or the Last Judgement). d (protribunali, in quot. as one word) before the court. e (pro ~ali sedere or sim.) to sit in judgement. f (transf.) seat of power or authority, place where authority is exercised and decisions made. ante ~al Pontii Pilati adstatur Theod. Laterc. 20; Marciano praeside in alto tribunalis culmine Aldh. VirgP 36; monstrabat ei quandam similem imperatrici non longe ab altari sedentem in ~ali V. Chris. Marky. 24; ~al, sedes tribuni Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 591; Jhesus ad judicis tribunal ducitur Walt. Wimb. Carm. 554.  b ad ~al, to domsetlum GlP 319; conscende ~al mentis tue Ad. Scot Serm. 408D; 1289 in regio ~ali et etiam in vicecomitato [sic] vestro et alibi Reg. Wint. I 187; sub promisso quod ‥ staret judicio ecclesie, in custodia ‥ tentus usque ante ~al convocandi cleri sisti posset, rupit carceres G. Hen. V 1.  c lucifluumque simul caeli regale tribunal / disponis moderans aeternis legibus illud Aldh. Aen. pref. 2; cum tuba novissima totum genus excitans ad ~al justi judicis advocaverit Bede Hom. II 7. 139; 704 sciat se ante ~al Christi tremibundum rationem redditurum CS 111; stantibus ‥ Judeo ‥ et gentili ad eterne ~al justitie J. Ford Serm. 66. 6; dixit se raptum esse ante ~al Christi P. Cornw. Rev. 195.  d hoc tribunal ‥ quod componitur protribunali, i. ante tribunal vel in presentia tribunalis, et est adverbium, ut quidam volunt, vel nomen indeclinabile Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 579.  e cum ‥ post aliquot horas ‥ princeps protribunali sederet Ord. Vit. X 24 p. 148; assunt ‥ domino rege pro ~ali residente Chr. Battle f. 86; pro ~ali sedentes Ockham Pol. III 67; 1414 protrinali [l. protribunali] sedentes ‥ de jurisperitorum consilio ‥ pronunciamus ‥ matrimonium ‥ esse ‥ irritum ‥. lecta ‥ fuit ista sentencia per reverendum patrem ‥ in camera principali manerii sui de Aukland ~ali sedentem Reg. Durh. II 49.  f angelicus princeps et protus lucifer ‥ / ‥ suum dum sublimare tribunal / gestiit et domino similem se fraude spopondit Aldh. VirgV 2735; cum ex canonum decreto edictum esset ut sedes episcoporum ex villis ad urbes migrarent, ~al suum transtulit a Scireburna Salesberiam, quod est vice civitatis castellum W. Malm. GP II 83.

trĭbūnăl, (9) ālis, n. (tribunus), tribunal, ¶ 1 estrade en demi-cercle où siégeaient les magistrats : de sella ac tribunali pronuntiare Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 94, déclarer du haut de son siège, du haut de son tribunal, ou pro tribunali Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 2 ; in tribunali prætoris urbani sedere Cic. de Or. 1, 168, siéger comme assesseur sur le tribunal du préteur urbain ¶ 2 tribune du général dans le camp : Liv. 28, 27, 15 ; Tac. H. 3, 10 ; 4, 25 ¶ 3 loge du préteur au théâtre : Suet. Aug. 44 ¶ 4 tribunal [monument funèbre en lʼhonneur dʼun mort] : Tac. Ann. 2, 83 ¶ 5 chaussée, digue : Plin. 16, 3 ¶ 6 [fig.] hauteur, élévation : Apul. Flor. 16.

tribunal , alis. n.
公堂。衙門。高所。— nummarium vel turpe 受贿之官宦。Pro tribunali 坐公堂。

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tribūnal ālis, n

• tribunus, a raised platform for the seats of magistrates, judgment-seat, tribunal: praetoris: praetor tribunal suum iuxta praetoris sellam conlocavit, Cs.: quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari iussit: sedens pro tribunali, L.—In a camp, the general's tribunal, the elevation in the camp, commander's seat: sederunt in tribunali Scipionis, L.—A memorial, monumental mound, Ta.—The occupants of a tribunal, magistrates: quem spectat omne tribunal, H.

TRIBUNAL

TRIBU´NAL(βῆμα), a raised platform, or, to use the term adopted from the French, tribune, on which the SELLAof the praetor or presiding magistrate was placed, when he sat to administer justice in any place which might be selected (Liv. 23.32). it is termed locus superior in Cic. Verr. 2.42, 102; 4.40, 85. It is described under BASILICAVol. I. pp. 288, 291 (cf. Mommsen, Staatsrecht, i.3 400).

There was a tribunal in the camp, which was generally formed of turf, but sometimes, in a stationary camp, of stone, from which the general addressed the soldiers, and where the consul and tribunes of the soldiers administered justice. When the general addressed the army from the tribunal, the standards were planted in front of it, and the army placed round it in order. [ADLOCUTIO; CASTRA, Vol. 1. p. 380.] For an instance of a tribunal raised in honour of a deceased imperator, see Tac. Ann. 2.83: for the theatrical tribunal, THEATRUMp. 821 b.

[P.S] [G.E.M]

Tribūnal

(δικαστήριον). (1) A raised platform at one extremity of a law court, upon which the curule seats of the judges and other persons of distinction who wished to attend the proceedings were placed (Cic. Verr. ii. 38; Suet. Tib. 33).

(2) In a camp, the tribunal was an elevated platform upon which the general sat to administer justice (Tac. Hist. iv. 25); similar to the suggestum (q. v.).

(3) In a Roman theatre, the tribunal was an elevated seat in the pit (orchestra, Suet. Claud. 21), generally appropriated to the use of the praetor (id. Aug. 44).