tutela

tūtēla, ae, f. [1. tutor], a watching, keeping, charge, care, safeguard, defence, protection (syn.: praesidium, cura).

• I Lit.
• • A In gen.: tutelam januae gerere, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 43 (251): foribus tutelam gerere, id. Trin. 4, 2, 28 (870): viae, Dig. 31, 1, 30: suo tergo tutelam gerere, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 51 (1058): nunc de septis, quae tutandi causā fundi fiant dicam. Earum tutelarum genera quattuor, etc., Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 1: pecudum silvestrium, care, management, Col. 9, praef. § 1: boum, id. 6, 2, 15: aselli, id. 7, 1, 2: tenuiorum, support, maintenance, Suet. Caes. 68: lanae tutelam praestant contra frigora, Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30: ut villarum tutela non sit oneri, id. 18, 5, 6, § 31; 35, 3, 4, § 14: classis, Just. 16, 3, 9: cum de hominis summo bono quaererent, nullam in eo neque animi neque corporis partem vacuam tutela reliquerunt, Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 36: tutela ac praesidium bellicae virtutis, id. Mur. 10, 22: Apollo, cujus in tutelā Athenas antiqui historici esse voluerunt, id. N. D. 3, 22, 55; cf.: quare sit in ejus tutela Gallia, cujus, etc., id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35: intellegi volumus salutem hominum in ejus (Jovis) esse tutela, id. Fin. 3, 20, 66: Juno, cujus in tutelā Argi sunt, Liv. 34, 24, 2; Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 18: subicere aliquid tutelae alicujus, Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38: filios suos parvos tutelae populi commendare, id. de Or. 1, 53, 228: dii, quorum tutelae ea loca essent, Liv. 1, 6, 4: quae suae fidei tutelaeque essent, id. 24, 22, 15: publicae tutelae esse, id. 42, 19, 5; 21, 41, 12: te Jovis impio Tutela Saturno Eripuit, Hor. C. 2, 17, 23: ut dicar tutelā pulsa Minervae, Ov. M. 2, 563: dique deaeque omnes, quibus est tutela per agros, Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 41: ut te generi humano, cujus tutela et securitas saluti tuae innisa est, incolumem praestarent, Plin. Ep. 10, 52 (60).— With gen. obj.: loci, protection, Just. 41, 5, 3.—
  • B In partic., jurid. t. t., the office of a guardian, guardianship, wardship, tutelage of minors, insane persons, etc.: tutela est, ut Servius definit, vis ac potestas in capite libero ad tuendum eum, qui propter aetatem suā sponte se defendere nequit, jure civili data ac permissa, Dig. 26, 1 (De tutelis), 1: tradere aliquem in tutelam alicujus, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193: in suam tutelam venire, to become one's own master, come of age, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 180; Dig. 37, 11, 8, § 1; Cic. Top. 10, 44; id. Brut. 52, 195; 53, 197; id. Inv. 2, 21, 62; Gai. 2, 179; Nep. Eum. 2, 1; rarely in the order, in tutelam suam venire, Cic. Inv. 2, 42, 122: tutelae suae fieri, Sen. Ep. 33, 10: fraudare pupillum, qui in tutelam pervenit, Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16: alicujus tutelam accipere, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 17: ad sanos abeat tutela propinquos, Hor. S. 2, 3, 218: rei publicae, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: tutelam filiorum servo committere, Just. 4, 2, 5: tutelam pupilli suscipere, id. 30, 2, 8: gerere, Val. Max. 6, 6, 1: nancisci, to become guardian, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 6: administrare, Dig. 26, 7, 3, § 2: reddere, ib. 5, 1, 2, § 3.—
• II Transf., concr.
• • A Act., like our watch, of that which guards or protects, a keeper, warder, guardian, protector (mostly poet.): (Philemon et Baucis) templi tutela fuere, Ov. M. 8, 711: prorae tutela Melanthus, i. e. the pilot at the prow, = proreta, id. ib. 3, 617: o tutela praesens Italiae (Augustus), Hor. C. 4, 14, 43: (Achilles) decus et tutela Pelasgi Nominis, Ov. M. 12, 612: rerum tutela mearum Cum sis (shortly before: curator a praetore datus), Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 103.—Of the image of the tutelar deity of a ship: navis, cujus tutela ebore caelata est, etc., Sen. Ep. 76, 13; Lact. 1, 11, 19; cf. Sil. 14, 543; Petr. 105, 4 and 108, 13.—Of the tutelar deity of a place, Petr. 57, 2; Auct. Priap. 37; Hier. in Isa. 57, 7; Inscr. Orell. 1698 sq.; 1736.—
  • • 2 A remedy against, cure: si qua est tutela podagrae, Grat. Cyn. 478.—
  • B Pass., of that which is guarded or protected, a charge, care.
  • • 1 In gen. (poet.): virginum primae puerique claris Patribus orti, Deliae tutela deae, Hor. C. 4, 6, 33: Lanuvium annosi vetus est tutela draconis, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 3: sit, precor, tutela Minervae Navis, Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 1 sq.—
    • 2 In partic., in jurid. lang., that which is under guardianship or tutelage: in officiis apud majores ita observatum est: primum tutelae, deinde hospiti, deinde clienti, tum cognato, postea affini, a ward, Massur. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5.—Of the property of a ward: mirabamur, te ignorare, de tutelā legitimā ... nihil usucapi posse, Cic. Att. 1, 5, 6: nihil potest de tutelā legitimā sine omnium tutorum auctoritate deminui, id. Fl. 34, 84; Dig. 26, 7, 5.

tūtēla, ae, f. (tueor), das Ins-Auge-Fassen, dah. bildl.: I) die Fürsorge, Obhut, der Schutz, die Aufrechterhaltung, A) im allg.: 1) eig.: t. ac praesidium bellicae virtutis, Cic.: tutelam ianuae gerere, Plaut.: sit in eius tutela Gallia, Cic.: cuius (Apollinis) in tutela Athenas antiqui historici esse voluerunt, Cic.: constat omnes urbes in alicuius dei esse tutela, Macr.: dii, quorum tutelae ea loca erant, Liv.: salutem hominum in Iovis esse tutela, Cic.: quibus est tutela per agros, Prop.: ut omnia illa prima naturae huius (rationis) tutelae subiciantur, Cic. – 2) meton.: a) aktiv: α) = die schützende Person, der Beschützer, Schutz, Schirm, Schutzheilige, prorae (πρῳράτης), der Oberbootsmann, der im Vorderteile des Schiffes saß u. dem Steuermann durch Zeichen den einzuhaltenden Kurs angab, Ov.: templi, Ov.: Italiae, Hor.: Pelasgi nominis, Ov.: rerum t. mearum cum sis, Hor.: von der Schutzgottheit (dem Schutzpatrone) eines Schiffes, unter dessen Schutze man das Schiff u. dessen Bemannung gestellt glaubte, Ov. trist. 1, 10, 1. Petron. 105, 6: als kleine Statue od. als geschnitztes Bild am Hinterteile des Schiffes angebracht (während das insigne am Vorderteile sich befand), Petron. 108, 13. Sen. ep. 76, 13. Lact. 1, 11, 19. Sil. 14, 543. – der Schutzgeist eines Ortes, loci, Petron. 57, 2: pomarii (v. Priapus), Priap. 72, 1; vgl. Verg. georg. 4, 110 u. 111: Lemni, Priap. 28, 7: bes. des Hauses, Hieron. in Isai. lib. 16. c. 57. v. 7: dea Fortuna tutela, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 178 u. 179: substantialis tutela (v. der Adrastia), Amm. 14, 11, 25. – β) das schützende Gehege, die Einfriedigung, earum tutelarum genera quattuor, Varro r.r. 1, 14, 1. – b) passiv = die beschützte Person, der Beschützte, Schützling, Lanuvium annosi vetus est tutela draconis, Prop.: virginum primae puerique claris patribus orti, Deliae tutela deae, Hor. – B) insbes., die Vormundschaft, 1) eig.: alqm alci in tutelam tradere, Pacuv. tr. fr.: in alcis tutelam venire, Cic. (aber in tutelam suam venire od. pervenire, mündig werden, Cic.: u. so post tutelam receptam, nachdem er volljährig geworden war, Suet.): alcis tutelam accipere, Varro: tutelam gerere, Liv., od. administrare, ICt.: tutelam deponere, Liv.: ad sanos abeat tutela propinquos, Hor.: iudicium tutelae, Cic.: actio tutelae, ICt.: agere tutelae, ICt.: Plur., Cic. de or. 1, 173. – 2) meton.: a) der Bevormundete, der od. das Mündel, Masur. bei Gell. 5, 13, 5. – b) das Vermögen der Mündel, legitima, Cic. ad Att. 1, 5, 6: exigua, ICt. – II) die Bewahrung, Erhaltung, Unterhaltung, a) lebl. Subjj.: villarum, Plin.: Capitolii, Plin.: viae, ICt.: saeptorum, Varro: tutelae nomine, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 1396. – b) leb. Wesen, die Unterhaltung, Erhaltung, Ernährung, tut. pecudum silvestrium et apium educatio, Colum.: boum, Colum.: asellus exiguae tutelae est, Colum.: tenuiorum, Suet.: classis, Iustin. – ➳ Die Schreibung tutela vorgeschrieben von Mar. Victorin. 1, 4, 57. p. 17, 11 K.; doch tutella b. Gratt. cyn. 48 u. 306 H. u. B.

tutela [CL] 1 guardianship, protection, custody, tutelage; b (of minor or one unable to manage his own affairs). ossa ‥ ad ~am [gl.: ad defensionem, to gescyldnysse] regni Romanorum Constantinopolim translata leguntur Aldh. VirgP 24; omnes ‥ habuerunt amorem et ~am ac defensionem ab omni parte, qua rex seipsum cum suis omnibus defendere potuit Asser Alf. 81; c1160 noverit universitas vestra quod omnes possessiones ‥ sanctimonialium de M. ‥ in manu et ~a Dei et sancte ecclesie ‥ consistunt Doc. Theob. 174; que ad sue ‥ pertineant dignitatis honorem honorisque ~am J. Ford Serm. 60. 3; sponse Christi ‥ pacisque ecclesiastice suscipientes ~am defensores ejus ‥ se fore profitentur Ib. 67. 10; [Juno] pavonem in sua habet ~a Alb. Lond. DG 4. 5; mulier cui ~a luminum commissa fuerat ‥ fores ecclesie egressa est Mir. Wulfst. II 14.  b cui [pontifici] soli ~am orphani ‥ rex obiens commiserat W. Malm. GP V 259 p. 413; defuncto Gualterio quattuor pupilli desolati remanserunt ‥ quos Henricus rex in sua ~a suscepit Ord. Vit. VI 8 p. 46; lex imperialis minorem viginti quinque annis ad ~e officium non admittit P. Blois Ep. 13. 41A; volumus ‥ quod ‥ frater noster Humfridus dux Gloucestr’ habeat ~am et defensionem nostri ‥ filii Test. Hen. V 99; 1444 [Edmundum filium meum] sub sana ~a providenter ponant Paston Let. 12 p. 23; lex nature, cujus sentenciam etiam in ~e regimine ab ejus judicio discrepare denunciat ipsamet lex civilis Fortescue NLN II 51. 2 (means or source of) safety, defence, protection, preservation, safe-keeping. ‘facies et tabulas stantes tabernaculi’ i. ad nichilum aliud nisi ut ~am cortinarum, ne venti et pluviae laedere possint Comm. Cant. I 309; Deus in penetrabile tutella Nunnam. 92.

tūtēla, (9) æ, f. (tueor), ¶ 1 action de veiller sur, protection, défense, garde : aliquem tutelæ alicujus commendare Cic. de Or. 1, 228 ; subjicere Cic. Fin. 4, 38, confier qqn à la protection de qqn, mettre sous la protection de qqn ; in tutela alicujus esse Cic. Nat. 3, 55, être sous la protection de qqn, cf. Cic. Prov. 35 ; Fin. 3, 66 ; Mur. 22 || tutelam alicui januæ gerere Pl. Truc. 255, avoir la garde dʼune porte, cf. Pl. Trin. 870 ; suo tergo tutelam gerere Pl. Trin. 1058, veiller au salut de son propre dos ; villarum tutela Plin. 18, 31, la surveillance des maisons de campagne, cf. Col. Rust. 6, 2, 15 ; 7, 1, 2 ¶ 2 [droit] tutelle : Dig. 26, 1, 1 ; in suam tutelam venire Cic. Br. 195, devenir son propre tuteur = être majeur ; per tutelam fraudare aliquem Cic. Cæc. 7, tromper qqn dans lʼexercice dʼune tutelle || patrimoine mis en tutelle : tutela legitima Cic. Att. 1, 5, 6, patrimoine en tutelle légale [tutelle prescrite par la loi à défaut de testament], cf. Cic. Fl. 84 ¶ 3 [sens concret] gardien, défenseur, protecteur : o tutela præsens Italiæ Hor. O. 4, 14, 43, ô protecteur toujours présent de lʼItalie [Auguste], cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 103 ; Ov. M. 8, 711 ; Sen. Ep. 76, 13 || le protégé, la protégée : Hor. O. 4, 6, 33 ; Prop. 4, 8, 3 ; Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 1 || la personne en tutelle : Gell. 5, 13, 5.

tutela , ae. f.
保。保障。養廉。舟。土地神像。土地神。孤子之產。— pecudum 餧畜牲。— aedificiorum 管修房屋。— prorae 看守船頭。— Lemni 閏王。Tutelam reddere 交保養之帳。Tutelam exigere vel reposcere 保養孩之帐。Pueri, Deliae — deae 某女神所保之諸孩。Esse in ejus tutela 有人保養。Venire in suam tutelam vel tutelae suae fieri 不服属人保。Tutelam suscipere vel administrare vel gerere 作保養孩。Deponere tutelam vel abdicare se tutela 辭保養孩之任。Asellus exiguae tutelae est 餧驢不必多費。

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tūtēla ae, f

• 2 TV-, a watching, keeping, charge, care, safeguard, defence, protection: nullam corporis partem vacuam tutelā relinquere: Apollo, cuius in tutelā Athenas esse voluerunt: filios suos tutelae populi commendare: dii, quorum tutelae ea loca essent, L.: tutelae nostrae (eos) duximus, regarded as under our protection, L.: ut dicar tutelā pulsa Minervae, O.—In law, the office of guardian, guardianship, wardship, tutelage: qui tibi in tutelam est traditus: in suam tutelam venire, i. e. to come of age: ad sanos abeat tutela propinquos, H.: tutelarum iura.—A keeper, ward, guardian, watch, protector: (Philemon et Baucis) templi tutela fuere, O.: prorae tutela Melanthus, i. e. the pilot, O.: o tutela praesens Italiae (Augustus), H.—A charge, care, trust: mirabamur, te ignorare, de tutelā legitimā . . . nihil usucapi posse, i. e. a ward's esiate.—A ward: Virginum primae puerique Deliae tutela deae, H.: tutela Minervae Navis, O.: vetus draconis, Pr.

TUTELA

TUTE´LA[TUTOR]

Tutēla

The office of guardian among the Romans. It affected not only minors, but also widows and grown-up daughters until the time of their marriage, with the exception of the Vestals. In the case of impuberes or pupilli, ordinary minors, the guardian (tutor) managed their property until the time of their majority, which with girls began at twelve, with boys at fourteen. (See infans; impubes.) At this age the guardianship ended, and girls became, like widows, possessed of independent power over their property, but still remained so far under guardianship that they were unable to take legal proceedings without the consent of their guardians.

Three kinds of tutores have been distinguished: (a) tutor testamentarius, who was named in the will. By a provision in the will women were sometimes allowed the choice of their guardian, who was then called tutor optivus (“chosen guardian”), to distinguish him from the tutor dativus (or “specified guardian”). If no guardian was named in the will, or the guardian named declined the office, or subsequently resigned it, the next of kin stepped in as (b) tutor legitimus. In the case of a widow, this was the son, if of age, or the husband's brother, and so on. In the case of a daughter, the brother, if of age, the uncle on the father's side, and so on. Among the patricians, if there were no kinsmen, the gentiles undertook the duties. If there was neither a tutor testamentarius nor a tutor legitimus, then the praetor appointed (c) a tutor Atilianus, so called because the lex Atilia (about B.C. 188) had introduced this kind of guardian. Under the Empire these guardians were named by the consuls, from the time of Marcus Aurelius by a regular praetor tutelaris. Women having three children were exempted by Augustus from all guardianship. Then Claudius abolished guardianship on the part of the agnati in the case of all women. Diocletian extended this abolition to the case of minors. After the time of Diocletian, guardianship over women fell into disuse, and afterwards women were themselves allowed to act as guardians. A guardian found guilty of betraying his trust was punished by infamia (q. v.). See curator.

Among the Athenians the guardian (ἐπίτροπος), if not named by the father in the will, was generally appointed by the archon from the nearest relations. The archon was also the proper authority in suits relating to guardianship, which, during the minority of the ward, could be brought forward in the form of a public prosecution; and, after the ward had attained his majority, in that of a private lawsuit. See epitropus.