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κάτω

κάτω, κάτω, below (adverb)

κάτω, Adv., (κατά):
    • I with Verbs implying Motion, downwards, ἐπισκύνιον κ. ἕλκεται Il. 17.136; κ. ὁρόων Od. 23.91; κατὰ τείχεος κ. ῥίπτειν Hdt. 8.53; κατώρυξέν με κατὰ τῆς γῆς κ. Ar. Pl. 238; χώρει κ. A. Pr. 74; κ. δάκρυʼ εἰβομένη S. Ant. 527 (anap.), cf. E. Fr. 384; esp. of the nether world, A. Pers. 839, S. Ant. 197, etc.; κ. βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι, Pl. R. 500b, 584e; κ. διεχώρει αὐτοῖς they suffered from diarrhoea, X. An. 4.8.20, cf. Hp. Epid. 5.20; φάρμακον πῖσαι κ. give a purgative, Id. Aff. 32, cf. 15; κ. βοηθεῖν go down to help, D. 32.5; for ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἄνω κάτω, etc., v. ἄνω (B) A. II.2.
      • 2 downwards, in a chain of causes, ἐπὶ τὸ κ. ἰέναι Arist. Metaph. 994a19.
      • 3 c. gen., down from, πετρῶν ὦσαι κ. E. Cyc. 448.
    • II with Verbs implying Rest (so more freq. in Prose), beneath, below, opp. ἄνω, Hes. Th. 301, etc.: ὁ τόπος ὁ κ. καλούμενος Pl. Phd. 112c.
        • b in the world below, S. Aj. 660, OC 1563 (lyr.), etc.; οἱ κ. the dead, Id. Aj. 865, Ant. 75, etc.; οἱ κ. θεοί Id. El. 292, cf. E. Alc. 851.
        • c geographically below, southward, Hdt., v. ἄνω (B) A. II.1e; also κ. οἰκεῖν to dwell on the coast, Th. 1.7; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι, ib. 120; ἡ. κ. Γαλατία lower Galatia, Plu. Aem. 9, etc.; βασιλεὺς τῶν τε ἄνω καὶ τῶν κ. χωρῶν OGI 90.3 (Rosetta, ii B.C.).
        • d in the race-course, τὰ κ. the starting-place, opp. τὰ ἄνω (the goal), Pl. R. 613b.
        • e τὰ κ. τῶν μελῶν the lower limbs of the body, Id. Lg. 794d; ἡ κ. κοιλία, opp. ἡ ἄνω, Arist. Mete. 360b24. PA 676a5; περὶ τὰ κ. χωρεῖν miscarry, fail, Luc. Ind. 1.
        • f of Time, afterwards, later, Ael. VH 5.13; οἱ κ. χρόνοι Plu. Cor. 25; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ πάλαι, Luc. Hipp. 1; τοῦ χρόνου κ. later in time, Ael. VH 3.17, NA 2.18; Δαρεῖος ὁ κ. ib. 6.48; cf. ἄνω (B) A.II.1.i.
        • g in Logic, τὰ κ. the lower members in a descending series of genera and species, Arist. APo. 97a31, Metaph. 992a18.
    • III c. gen., under, below, κ. χθονός, γῆς, A. Eu. 1023, S. OT 968, etc.
    • IV Comp. κατωτέρω lower, downwards, Ar. Ra. 70, Alex. 173.2: c. gen., lower than, below, Hdt. 8.132.
      • 2 Sup. κατωτάτω at the lowest part, τὰ κ. Id. 2.125 (but in signf. II.g, Phld. Sign. 29).

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