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κύων

κύων, κύων, dog; shameless creature

κύων [ῠ], ὁ and ἡ, both in Hom., the masc. more freq., gen. κῠνός, dat.κῠνί, acc.κύνα, voc.κύον Il. 8.423, κύων Archipp. 6: pl., nom. κύνες, gen. κυνῶν, dat. κυσί Il. 17.272, al., Ep. κύνεσσι 1.4, acc. κύνας:—
  • dog, bitch, Hom., etc.; of shepherds’ dogs, Il. 10.183, 12.303; watch-dogs, 22.66; but in Hom. more freq. of hounds, Il. 8.338, al.; κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι 11.325; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; later, when of hounds, mostly in fem., S. Aj. 8, E. Hipp. 18, etc.; κ. Λάκαινα Pi. Fr. 106, S. l.c., X. Cyn. 10.1, cf. Arist. HA 608a27, al.; Μολοττικαὶ κ. Alexis Hist. ap. Ath. 12.540d, etc.; but Ἰνδικοί Arist. GA 746a34, cf. Hdt. 1.192: prov., κυσὶν πεινῶσιν οὐχὶ βρώσιμα ‘not fit for a dog’, Com.Adesp. 1205.4; χεῖρον ἐρεθίσαι γραῦν ἢ κύνα Men. 802; κύνα δέρειν δεδαρμένην ‘flog a dead horse’, Pherecr. 179; ἡ κ. κατακειμένη ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ ‘dog in the manger’, Luc. Ind. 30, al.; χαλεπὸν χορίω κύνα γεῦσαι itʼs ill to let a dog ‘taste blood’, Theoc. 10.11; νή or μὰ τὸν κύνα was a favourite oath of Socrates, Pl. Ap. 22a (cf. Sch.), Grg. 482b; used familiarly at Athens, Ar. V. 83; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅρκος . . κύων, ἔπειτα χήν· θεοὺς δʼ ἐσίγων, of primitive men, Cratin. 231.
    • II as a word of reproach, freq. in Hom. of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity; applied by Helen to herself, Il. 6.344, 356; by Iris to Athena, 8.423; by Hera to Artemis, 21.481: of the maids in the house of Odysseus, Od. 18.338, al.: later, in a coarse sense, Ar. V. 1402; ἡ ῥαψῳδὸς κ., of the Sphinx, S. OT 391, cf. A. Fr. 236 (lyr.); of men, κακαὶ κ. Il. 13.623; implying recklessness, 8.299, 527, Od. 17.248, 22.35; also of offensive persons, compared to yapping dogs, LXX Ps. 21(22).17, Ep.Phil. 3.2; κ. λαίθαργος, = λαθροδήκτης, metaph., of a person, S. Fr. 885, cf. E. Fr. 555: prov., μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κ. Ev.Matt. 7.6.
      • 2 metaph., of persons, watch-dog, guardian, τῶν σταθμῶν κ., of Agamemnon, A. Ag. 896; δωμάτων κ., of Clytemnestra, ib. 607, cf. Ar. Eq. 1023.
      • 3 of the Cynics, ἀρέσκει τούτοις κυνῶν μεταμφιέννυσθαι βίον Phld. Sto.Herc. 339.8: hence, Cynic philosopher, Arist. Rh. 1411a24, AP 7.65 (Antip.), 413 (Id.), Plu. QConv. 2.717c, Ath. 5.216b, Epigr. ap. D.L. 6.19, 60, Baillet Inscriptions des tombeaux des rois 172.
    • III freq. in Mythology of the servants, agents or watchers of the gods, Διὸς πτηνὸς κύων, of the eagle, A. Pr. 1022, cf. Ag. 136 (lyr.), S. Fr. 884; of the griffins, Ζηνὸς ἀκραγεῖς κ. A. Pr. 803; of the Furies, μετάδρομοι . . πανουργημάτων ἄφυκτοι κ. S. El. 1388 (lyr.), cf. A. Ch. 924, E. Fr. 383; Pan is the κύων of Cybele, Pi. Fr. 96: Pythag., Περσεφόνης κύνες, of the planets, Arist. Fr. 196: so Com., Ἡφαίστου κ., of sparks, Alex. 149.16; of various mythical beings, as Cerberus, κ. Ἀΐδαο Il. 8.368, cf. Od. 11.623, X. An. 6.2.2; Harpies, A.R. 2.289; of Hecate, in Mithraic worship, Porph. Abst. 4.16; of the Βάκχαι, Λύσσας κ. E. Ba. 977 (lyr.); Λέρνας κ., of the hydra, Id. HF 420 (lyr.); of a great fish, Τρίτωνος κ. Lyc. 34.
    • IV dog-fish or shark, Od. 12.96, cf. Epich. 68, Cratin. 161, Arist. HA 566a31; κ. ἄγριος, κ. γαλεός and κ. κεντρίτης or κεντρίνη, Opp. H. 1.373, Ael. NA 1.55; ξιφίας κ., of the sword-fish, Anaxipp. 2.3.
    • V = σείριος (q.v.), dog-star, i.e. the hound of Orion, Il. 22.29; in full, σειρίου κυνὸς δίκην S. Fr. 803, cf. A. Ag. 967; κυνὸς ψυχρὰν δύσιν S. Fr. 432.11; πρὸ τοῦ κυνός Eup. 147; μετὰ κυνὸς ἐπιτολήν, περὶ κ. ἐ., Arist. Mete. 361b35, HA 602a26; ἐπὶ κυνί ib. 600a4, Syngr. ap. D. 35.13; ὑπὸ κύνα Arist. HA 547a14, D.S. 19.109; περὶ κύνα Thphr. CP 3.3.3; μετὰ κύνα Id. HP 1.9.5; also of the whole constellation, Arat. 327, Gal. 17(1).17.
    • VI the ace, the worst throw at dice, Poll. 9.100, Eust. 1289.63.
    • VII frenum praeputii, Antyll. ap. Orib. 50.3.1: with pun on the prov. ap. Pherecr. l.c. (supr. I), Ar. Lys. 158: with pun on signf. V, AP 5.104 (Marc. Arg.).
    • VIII fetlock of a horse, Hippiatr. 77.
    • IX unilateral facial paralysis, Gal. 8.573.
    • X = ἀπομαγδαλία, Dsc. ap. Eust. 1857.19.
    • XI ξυλίνη κ., = κυνόσβατος, Orac. ap. Did ap. Ath. 2.70c.
    • XII piece in the game of πόλεις, Cratin. 56.3 (dub.). (Cf. Skt. śvā, gen. śúnas, Lith. šuõ, gen. šuñs, Lat. canis, Goth. hunds (κύων), etc.)

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