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σύνθεσις

σύνθεσις, a putting together, composition, combination

σύν-θεσις, εως, ἡ,
  • putting together, composition, combination, Pl. Phd. 93a, R. 611b; τῶν λίθων Arist. EN 1174a23, cf. IG 42(1).103.56 (Epid., iv B.C.), 7.3073.92 (Lebad., ii B.C.); τῶν σπονδύλων Sor. 1.102; storage, τῶν μήλων (quinces in a ῥίσκος) Phylarch. 10 J.; but ἐλαιῶν σ. a preserve of olives, Gp. 9.28.2.
        • b in concrete sense, junction, ὀστῶν Arist. PA 658b19; συνθέσεις (λέγω τὰς γωνίας) Id. Pr. 910b14.
      • 2 in various technical senses:
        • a in Grammar, composition, γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις, i.e. syllables and words, A. Pr. 460, cf. Arist. Metaph. 1092a26; σ. ἔκ τε ῥημάτων γιγνομένη καὶ ὀνομάτων, i.e. sentences, Pl. Sph. 263d, cf. Cra. 431c, Arist. Po. 1458a28, Gal. 15.487; περὶ συνθέσεως ὀνομάτων, title of work by D.H.; also, the juxtaposition of letters in a word, Arist. Rh.Al. 1434b34; of an authorʼs composition, Isoc. 10.11; so ἡ τῶν μέτρων σ. metrical composition, Arist. Po. 1449b35; ἡ τῶν ἐπῶν σ. D.S. 5.74; ἡ τοῦ παίωνος ξ. the way the paeon is made up, Plu. Mus. 2.1143d; the constitution of things, Hp. Virg. 1.
        • b Math., synthesis of a problem (opp. ἀνάλυσις), Archim. Sph.Cyl. 2.7, explained in Papp. 634; ἡ κατὰ σ. ἀγωγή synthetic procedure, Id. 412.2.
        • c Math., σ. λόγου transformation of a ratio known as componendo, Euc. 5 Def. 14; κατὰ -σιν, = componendo, Archim. Aequil. 2.9.
        • d Math., addition, Ph. 1.11, Plu. An.procr. 2.1018c, Dioph. 1 Intr.; καθʼ ἁντινοῦν -σιν however many times added, i.e. whatever number of times taken (multiplied), Archim. Spir. 1:—also as Pythag. name for 2, Anatol. ap. Theol.Ar. 8.
        • e in Logic, union of noun and verb or of two objects of thought in a statement, Arist. Int. 16a12, de An. 430a27; also ὁ παρὰ τὴν σ. [λόγος] the fallacy of composition, opp. διαίρεσις, Id. SE 177a33.
        • f in Physics, composition of substances, parts of organisms, from their elementary constituents, Id. PA 646a12, Top. 151a23; opp μίξις (combination), Id. GC 328a6.
        • g in Medicine, compounding of essences and drugs, τῶν μύρων Thphr. Od. 14, al., cf. D.S. 4.45, Aglaïas 8.
    • II combination of parts so as to form a whole, γενέσεις καὶ σ. Pl. R. 533b; ἡ τῶν στρωμάτων σ. Id. Plt. 280b, cf. Arist. PA 645a35, Metaph. 1014b37; in plants, Thphr. HP 5.5.2.
        • b in concrete sense, a social or political combination, Arist. Pol. 1276b7; a military formation, Ael. Tact. 18.5.
    • III agreement, treaty, Pi. P. 4.168, Fr. 205; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, IG 5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc., iv B.C.); ἐκ συνθέσεως by arrangement, D.S. 13.112, etc.; συνθέσεις περὶ γάμων Plu. Sull. 35.
      • 2 σ. λόγων making up accounts, Stud.Pal. 4.70.391 (i A.D.); so σ. alone, εἰς σύνθεσιν τῷ βασιλεῖ PTeb. 714.6 (ii B.C.).
    • IV set, service (most freq. in Lat. synthesis):
      • 1 collection of clothes, wardrobe, Dig. 34.2.38.1; also, dress, gown, costume, suit, σ. τελείας λευκὰς δεκατρεῖς, γυναικείας σ. PHamb. 10.13, 21 (ii A.D.), cf. POxy. 1153.23 (i A.D.), 496.4 (ii A.D.), PSI 10.1117.11, 13 (ii A.D.), Mart. 2.46.4, 5.79.2; synthesinam indutus, Suet. Ner. 51.
      • 2 service of plate, σ. πινακίων BGU 781 i 5 (i A.D.), cf. Mart. 4.46.15, Stat.Silv. 4.9.44.

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