circum

• I Adv.
• • A Around, round about, all around, etc., πέριξ: furcas circum offigito, Cato R. R. 48, 2; Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1; Verg. A. 3, 230: quia (locus) vastis circum saltibus claudebatur, Tac. A. 4, 25: molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho, Verg. E. 3, 45: age tu interim Da cito ab Delphio Cantharum circum, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 33 (345): quae circum essent opera tueri, Caes. B. C 2, 10: interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant, Verg. A. 10, 118 (i. e. circumcirca fusi: nam modo circum adverbium loci est, Serv.): omnem, quae nunc ... umida circum Caligat, nubem eripiam, id. ib. 2, 605; Tib. 1, 3, 77; 1, 5, 11. sed circum tutae sub moenibus urbis aquantur, round about under the walls, Verg. G. 4, 193. faciundum haras quadratas circum binos pedes, all around, i.e. on every side, two feet, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3 Schneid.—
  • • • b Strengthened with undique (in later Latin also sometimes written as one word, circumundique), from everywhere around, around on all sides: circum Undique convenere, Verg. A. 4, 416; Lucr. 3, 404: clausis circum undique portis, Stat. S. 2, 5, 13; 5, 1, 155; id. Th. 2, 228: oppositu circumundique aliarum aedium, Gell. 4, 5, 3; 13, 24, 1; 14, 2, 9; so with totus and omnis, Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1; Verg. A. 10, 118.—
  • B Of an incomplete circuit, esp. of the part that meets the view, lies on the hither side, etc. (v. under II.): hostilibus circum litoribus, Tac. A. 2, 24: aestas... aperto circum pelago peramoena, id. ib. 4, 67: gentibus innumeris circum infraque relictis, Ov. M. 4, 668; Stat. Ach. 1, 56: corpus servans circumque supraque vertitur, id. Th. 9, 114; Albin. Carm. ap. Maecen. 46.
• II Prep. with acc.
• • A Around, about (implying a complete circuit): armillas quattuor facito, quas circum orbem indas, Cato R. R. 21, 4: terra circum axem se summā celeritate convertit, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 39, 123; Quint. 2, 17, 19 Zumpt N. cr.: ligato circum collum sudario, Suet. Ner. 51: terque novas circum felix eat hostia fruges, Verg. G. 1, 345: at genitor circum caput omne micantes Deposuit radios, Ov. M. 2, 40.—
  • B As in adv. B., of an incomplete circuit, about, upon, around, near: capillus sparsus, promissus, circum caput Rejectus neglegenter, Ter. Heaut. 290: flexo circum cava tempora cornu, Ov. M. 7, 313; 10, 116; 11, 159: tum Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum adsunt, Verg. A. 8, 285: varios hic flumina circum Fundit humus flores, on the borders of the rivulets, id. E. 9, 40: urgeris turbā circum te stante, Hor. S. 1, 3, 135; cf. id. C. 2, 16, 33: circum renidentes Lares, id. Epod. 2, 66; Verg. G. 2, 484; cf. Luc. 2, 557: illi indignantes Circum claustra fremunt, Verg. A. 1, 56: oras et litora circum errantem, id. ib. 3, 75.—
  • C Circum very freq. expresses, not a relative motion around a given central point, but an absol. circular movement, in which several objects named form separate points of a periphery, in, into, among... around, to... around, etc.: te adloquor, Quae circum vicinos vages, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14 (424): ego Arpini volo esse pridie Cal., deinde circum villulas nostras errare, not round about our villas, but in our villas around, Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3; cf Hor. S. 1, 6, 58: tum Naevius pueros circum amicos dimittit, to friends around, Cic. Quint. 6, 25; Suet. Ner. 47: cum praetorem circum omnia fora sectaretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169: Apronius ducebat eos circum civitates, id. ib. 2, 3, 26, § 65: ille circum hospites cursabat, id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 41: lenonem quondam Lentuli concursare circum tabernas, id. Cat. 4, 8, 17: dimissis circum municipia litteris, Caes. B. C. 3, 22: circum oram maritimam misit, ut, etc., Liv. 29, 24, 9: legatio sub idem tempus in Asiam et circum insulas missa, id. 42, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 64; id. Caes. 41; id. Calig. 28; 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281; id. Ep. 1, 1, 49: et te circum omnes alias irata puellas Differet, to or among all the other maidens around, Prop. 1, 4, 21—
  • D With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the environs of, in the vicinity of, at, near: circum haec loca commorabor, Cic. Att. 3, 17, 2; Pompei id. ib. 8, 12, C, 1; exercitu in foro et in omnibus templis, quae circum forum sunt, conlocato, Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 10: urbes, quae circum Capuam sunt, id. Agr. 1, 7, 20: cum tot essent circum hastam illam, id. Phil. 2, 26, 64 Wernsd. N. cr.: non succurrit tibi, quamdiu circum Bactra haereas? Curt. 7, 8, 21, Tac. A. 4, 74. —
  • E Of persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, etc.); in Gr.περι or ἀμφί τινα: paucae, quae circum illam essent, Ter. Eun. 581; Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4: omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat, Sall. C. 14, 1; cf. id. ib. 26, 4: Hectora circum, Verg. A. 6, 166.—Circum pedes for ad pedes, of servants in attendance, is rare, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; v ad, I. D. 3. b.—☞ Circum is sometimes placed after its subst., Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Müll., Lucr. 1, 937; 4, 220; 6, 427; Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 105; Verg. E. 8, 12; 8, 74; 9, 40; id. A. 1, 32; 2, 515; 2, 564; 3, 75: 6, 166; 6, 329; 9, 440; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 1, 5, 51; Stat. Th. 3, 395.—
• III In composition the m remains unchanged before consonants; before vowels it was, acc. to Prisc. p. 567 P., and Cassiod. p. 2294 ib., written in like manner, but (except before j and v) not pronounced. Yet in the best MSS. we find the orthography circuitio, circuitus, and even circueo together with circumeo; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 736 sq. —Signif.,
• • • • a Acc. to II. A.: circumcido, circumcludo, circumculco, circumfluo, circumfodio, circumfundo, etc.—
      • b Acc. to II. B.: circumcolo, circumflecto, circumjaceo, circumicio.—
      • c Acc. to II. C.: circumcellio, circumcurso, circumduco, circumfero, circumforaneus.—In many compounds, circum has sometimes one and sometimes another signif., as in circumdo, circumeo, circumsisto, etc.; v. h. vv.—☞ With verbs compounded with circum, this preposition is never repeated before the following object; e. g. circumcursare circum aliquid and similar phrases are not found.

I adv. ¶ 1 autour, à lʼentour : quæ circum essent opera tueri Cæs. C. 2, 10, 1, voir quels étaient les ouvrages construits à lʼentour ; turbati circum milites Tac. Ann. 1, 65, tout autour les soldats en désordre ; una undique circum fundimur Virg. En. 3, 635, tous à la fois nous lʼenvironnons de toutes parts ; circum undique Gell. 4, 5, 3, etc., de toutes parts, de tous côtés ¶ 2 des deux côtés : aram amicitiæ effigiesque circum Cæsaris ac Sejani censuere Tac. Ann. 4, 74, on décréta un autel à lʼamitié, (entouré de) avec de part et dʼautre les statues de Tibère et de Séjan.

II prép. avec acc. : ¶ 1 autour de : terra circum axem se convertit Cic. Ac. 2, 123, la terre tourne autour de son axe || hunc circum Arctœ duæ feruntur Cic. Nat. 2, 105, autour de lui tournent les deux Ourses || templa quæ circum forum sunt Cic. Opt. 10, les temples qui entourent le forum (qui forment le pourtour du...) ¶ 2 à la ronde, dans des endroits divers, successivement : pueros circum amicos dimittit Cic. Quinct. 25, il dépêche des esclaves à tous ses amis à la ronde ; eos circum omnia provinciæ fora rapiebat Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 76, il les entraînait successivement dans tous les centres dʼassises de la province ; concursare circum tabernas Cic. Cat. 4, 17, courir de boutique en boutique, faire le tour des boutiques ; circum oram maritimam misit ut Liv. 29, 24, 9, par toute la côte il envoya lʼordre de ¶ 3 à proximité de, dans le voisinage de : circum hæc loca commorabor Cic. Att. 3, 17, 2, je mʼarrêterai près de ces lieux (dans le voisinage) ; legiones quæ circum Aquileiam hiemabant Cæs. G. 1, 10, 3, les légions qui avaient leurs quartiers dʼhiver dans les parages dʼAquilée ; urbes quæ circum Capuam sunt Cic. Agr. 1, 20, les villes qui sont dans les alentours de Capoue (qui avoisinent...) ¶ 4 auprès de qqn, dans lʼentourage de qqn : eos qui circum illum sunt Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4, ceux qui lʼaccompagnent (son entourage) ; Hectora circum pugnas obibat Virg. En. 6, 166, aux côtés dʼHector, il prenait part aux combats.

• acc.of circus, adv.and praep.
• II. Adv, around, round about, all around: Arboribus clausi circum, V.: quae circum essent opera, Cs.: portis circum omnibus instant, V.: circum tutae sub moenibus urbis, round about under the walls, V.: Gentibus circumque infraque relictis, O.: circum Undique convenere, on all sides, V.—
• IIII. Praep.with acc.(sometimes following its case), around, about, all around: terra circum axem se convertit: novas circum felix eat hostia fruges, V.: circum caput Deposuit radios, O.— About, upon, around, near: capillus circum caput Reiectus, T.: flexo circum tempora cornu, O.: flumina circum, on the borders of the rivulets, V.: turbā circum te stante, H.: Circum claustra fremunt, V.— Among, around, through, to: circum villulas nostras errare, in our villas around: circum Me vectari rura caballo, H.: pueros circum amicos dimittit, to friends around: ducebat eos circum civitates: dimissis circum municipia litteris, Cs.: circum oram maritimam misit, ut, etc., L.: oras et litora circum Errans, V.—In the neighborhood of, around, about, at, near by: templa circum forum: urbes, quae circum Capuam sunt.—Of attendants, with, attending, accompanying: paucae, quae circum illam essent, T.: Hectora circum, V.: Circum pedes homines habere, i. e. slaves.—
• IIIIII. In composition, the mbefore vowels was not pronounced, and is often omitted; circumwith many verbs forms a loose compound, and tmesis is frequent in poetry (see circumago, circumdo, etc.). Some edd. have circum verto, circum volito, etc.

• to throw up all around: vallum, L.