perpetuus

per-pĕtŭus, a, um, adj. (comp. perpetuior, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.; sup. perpetuissimus, id. ib.) [peto],

• continuing throughout, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted; constant, universal, general, entire, whole, perpetual (syn.: continuus, assiduus): sulcos perpetuos ducere, Cato R. R. 33: quin aedes totae perpetuae ruant, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 67 (150): agmen, Cic. Pis. 22, 51: munitiones, Caes. B. C. 3, 44: palus, id. B. G. 7, 26: milites disposuit perpetuis vigiliisque stationibusque, id. B. C. 1, 21: perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis, Verg. A. 7, 176: vescitur Aeneas ... perpetui tergo bovis, id. ib. 8, 182: Apenninus perpetuis jugis ab Alpibus tendens ad Siculum fretum, Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48: tractus, id. 6, 20, 23, § 73: oratio perpetua (opp. altercatio), Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8; cf. Liv. 4, 6: disputatio, Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16; id. Top. 26, 97: quaestiones perpetuae hoc adulescente constitutae sunt, a standing commission, a permanent tribunal for criminal investigation, id. Brut. 27, 105: perpetua historia, a continuous or general history, id. Fam. 5, 12, 2: colere te usque perpetuom diem, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 78 (767): diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere, this whole day, Ter. Ad. 521: triduum, id. ib. 520: biennium, id. Hec. 87: ignis Vestae perpetuus ac sempiternus, Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18: lex perpetua et aeterna, id. N. D. 1, 15, 40: stellarum perennes cursus atque perpetui, id. ib. 2, 21, 55. stabilis et perpetua permansio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164: voluntas mea perpetua et constans in rem publicam, id. Phil. 13, 6, 13: formido, Verg. E. 4, 14: assidua et perpetua cura, Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 2: perpetui scrinia Sili, of the immortal Silius, Mart. 6, 64, 10.—As subst.: perpĕtŭum, i, n., the abiding, permanent (opp. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68.—Hence: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever, in perpetuity, constantly: mulier repperit odium ocius Suā inmunditiā, quam in perpetuom ut placeat munditia sua. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 6 (747): serva tibi in perpetuom amicum me, id. Capt. 2, 3, 81 (441): in perpetuum comprimi, Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Agr. 2, 21, 55: obtinere aliquid in perpetuum, id. Rosc. Am. 48, 139: non in perpetuum irascetur, Vulg. Psa. 102, 9 et saep.—So, in perpetuum modum = perpetuo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 5 (536).—
• II In partic.
• • A That holds constantly and universally, universal, general: perpetui juris et universi generis quaestio, Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 141: nec arbitror perpetuum quicquam in hoc praecipi posse, Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 19: ne id quidem perpetuum est, does not always hold good, Cels. 2, 10: illud in quo quasi certamen est controversiae ... id ita dici placet, ut traducatur ad perpetuam quaestionem, to a general principle, Cic. Or. 36, 126.—
  • B In augury: perpetua fulmina, perpetual lightnings, i.e. whose prognostics refer to one's whole life, Sen. Q. N. 2, 47, 1.—
  • C In gram.: perpetuus modus, the infinitive mood, Diom. p. 331 P. —Hence, adv., in three forms, perpetuo (class.), perpetuum (poet.), and perpetue (late Lat.).
  • • 1 perpĕtŭō, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually, always, forever, utterly, hopelessly: perpetuon' valuisti? Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 15 (15): metuo ne technae meae perpetuo perierint, id. Most. 3, 1, 23 (554): dico ut perpetuo pereas, id. Pers. 2, 4, 10 (281); so, perpetuo perire, Ter. Eun. 1043: opinionem retinere, Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 2: loquens, id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 19, 63: sub imperio esse, Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 10, 97.—
    • 2 perpĕtŭum, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually: uti, Stat. S. 1, 1, 99.—
    • 3 perpĕtŭē, constantly, Cassiod. in Psa. 62, 4.

perpetuus, a, um (peto), aneinanderhangend, ununterbrochen, in einem fort gehend, -dauernd, fortlaufend, stetig, sich überall berührend, I) im allg.: a) im Raume u. dgl.: via, durch die ganze Stadt laufender, Cic.: agmen, Cic.: munitiones, Caes.: mensae, langgereihte, Verg.: aedes, das ganze Haus in seiner vollen Ausdehnung, Plaut.: bos, lang hingestreckt, Verg.: vigiliae stationesque, Caes.: palus, Caes.: risus, Ov.: oratio, Cic.: orationes (Vorträge), Liv.: defensio contra alqm, Cic.: historia, Cic.: carmen, einen ganzen Sagenkreis besingendes (griech. κυκλικόν), Hor. u. Ov. – b) in der Zeit: α) ganz, dies, Ter.: triduum, Ter. – β) ununterbrochen, fortwährend, immerwährend, beständig, stehend, bleibend, lebenslänglich, verb. p. ac sempiternus (zB. ignis Vestae), p. et aeternus (zB. lex), perennis atque p. (zB. cursus stellarum), stabilis et p. (zB. permansio), p. et constans (zB. voluntas mea in rem publicam), alle bei Cic.: p. fenus, Cic.: p. imperia, Nep.: potestas, Liv.: imperator, tribuni, Liv.: dictator, Flor.: archontes p., Vell.: censura, Plin. pan.: centesimae, s. centēsimus: quaestiones p., von einer stehenden Kommission von Richtern gehaltene U., stehende Kriminaluntersuchungen, Cic. Brut. 106. – in perpetuum modum, auf ewig, Plaut. – subst., perpetuum, ī, n., das Ununterbrochene, Stetige (Ggstz. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68: dah. in perpetuum, auf alle Zeit, auf immer, auf ewig (Ggstz. ad tempus), Ter., Cic. u.a.: perpetuō, adv., beständig, in einem fort, ununterbrochen, ewig, Ter., Cic. u.a.: so auch perpetuum, Stat. silv. 1, 1, 99. – II) inbes.: A) überall-, allgemein gültig, durchgängig, ius, Cic.: edictum, s. d.: nec id quidem perpetuum est, gilt immer, ist eine allgemeine Regel, Cels.: quaestio (beim Redner), die Gattung ( genus) betreffend, Cic. or. 126 (versch. v. no. I, b, β). – B) als t. t. der Augurspr.: fulmina perpetua (fort u. fort wirkende), quorom significatio in totam pertinet vitam, Sen. nat. qu. 2, 47 in. – C) als gramm. t. t.: modus p., der Infinitiv, Diom. 340, 34. – D) perpetuus Augustus, allezeit Mehrer des Reiches (als Titel der späteren Kaiser), Eutr. praef. – ➳ Compar. perpetuius, Cato oratt. 33. fr. 1 (bei Prisc. 3, 8); u. Superl. perpetuissimo curriculo, Cato oratt. 12. fr. 1. p. 45 ed. Jordan (bei Prisc. 3, 8).

perpetuus [CL] 1 that has unbroken expanse, continuous in space. loca ‥ sunt ~a atque fixa Bradw. AM 3. 2 that has a beginning but not an end, continuous, enduring, permanent: a (of personal act, work, or condition); b (of natural phenomenon); c (of officer, office, or institution); d (in diplomatic context w. ref. to possession); e (of period of time). a ~am Deo viduitatis castimoniam promittentem Gildas EB 32; quis eorum carissimum discipulum ‥ etsi non ~a lepra ‥ saltim expulsione multavit Ib. 72; sine periculo ~ae puritatis et dispendio castitatis Aldh. VirgP 7; jure ~o Ib. 12; [regina] ~a ‥ mansit virginitatis integritate gloriosa Bede HE IV 19 p. 243; ~o opere G. Mon. VIII 10 (v. chorea 2c); sue precellentis dignitatis meritis ~e recordacionis stilo in tabellis memorie et fame circumsone immatriculandus registro Ps.-Elmh. Hen. V 64 p. 180.  b limpida perpetui cernentes lumina Phoebi Aldh. CE 4. 8. 9; viscera perpetui si roris repleat haustu Id. Aen. prol. 31.  c c1213 administratoris generalis et ~i super hiis sollicitari nichil interesse Gir. Ep. 7 p. 248; audit ‥ discipulus sabatizacionem esse pactum sempiternum et signum ~um Gros. Cess. Leg. I 10 p. 52; 1275 ipse W. non fuit ~us set ad voluntatem abbatis potuit amoveri SelPlMan 148; T. Stubbs Chr. 402; etc. (v. cantaria 2b); 1446 in ‥ capellaniis ~is , c1520 vicarios ~os (v. capellania).  d a776 Mildrede pontifici ~a hereditate trado in possessionem CS 219; c1130 huic ergo loco concessit dari dominus abbas H. ‥ duo ~a beneficia Ch. Westm. 249; in ~am elemosinam Ric. Hex. Hist. Hex. I 1 (v. elemosyna 3a); ad ~am feodi firmam pro lx s. Meaux II 29.  e 1217 quod fides et constancia vestra ad laudem et gloriam nominis vestri ~is temporibus commendentur Pat 22; 1219 ut ad obsequia et condignas devociones vobis diebus ~is artius teneamur obligati Ib. 211; invictum ac per graciam Dei ~is temporibus non vincendum Anglorum regem Eduardum Ockham Pol. I 229; 1470 ut annis singulis ~is temporibis ‥ anniversario die ‥ ipsius nomen recitetur Lit. Cant. III xxxii; 1534 teneantur reddere fidelem compotum de biennio in biennium ~is temporibus StatOx 337. 3 eternal: a (of heaven or hell or its signs); b (phil., of world or abstr.). a non est ibi [in paradiso] frigus, non aestas, sed ~a aeris temperies Comm. Cant. II 9; virginibus ‥ Aldhelmus ‥ optabilem ~ae [gl.: aeterne] prosperitatis salutem Aldh. VirgP dedic. p. 229; lucida perpetuae qui pandit limina vitae Id. VirgV 571; dolorem ‥ ac mortem ~a salute ac vita mutavit Bede HE IV 19 p. 245; in essentialiter Bono salutis ~e munus Abbo QG 1; ad ~e vite fructum ‥ accedunt Gir. TH I 13.  b a800 quid sit inter aeternum et sempiternum et ~um et inmortale Alcuin Ep. 163; an mundus sit ~us an non Balsh. AD rec. 2 166; an justitia sit constans et ~a voluntas jus suum cuique tribuens Ib. 173; require aliunde differentiam inter ~um, sempiternum, temporale sive perhenne, et eternum S. Langton Gl. Hist. Schol. 45; veritas ‥ non-eterna aut est ~a aut non-~a ‥ non-~a vero alia est de contingenti, alia autem est necessaria per accidens Ps.-Gros. Summa 294; motus localis ~us est causa ~e generacionis T. Sutton Gen. & Corrupt. 184. 4 (in, ad or per ~um, pro ~o): a in perpetuity; b for ever, eternally. a 679 terram ‥ teneas ‥ in ~um CS 45; Magna Reynes ‥ modo appropriatur monachis de Stratford’ per ~um Val. Norw. 355; dominus Benedictus ‥ ad ~um fratribus mandat, quod ‥ Ric. Armagh Def. Cur. 1396 recte 1296; 1364 facta fuit finalis concordia ‥ . ita ‥ quod illud negocium dormiret pro ~o sine aliqua continuacione Reg. Malm. II 421; 1428 pro ~o abjurare Heresy Tri. Norw. 54; s1454 pro perjuro reputari pro ~o inter ‥ confratres meos Reg. Whet. I 134.  b justi autem in ~um vivent et apud Deum est merces illorum Gildas EB 62; 673 regnante in ~um Jesu Christo (Syn.) Bede HE IV 5. 5 (as sb. n.) lifetime, life. 1265 ita quod ‥ Johannes suo ~o reddat ballivo ‥ unum denarium per annum Cl 23; 1266 concedo ut de cetero singulis annis toto meo ~o possideatis ‥ decem marcas ‥ Kelso 232; sub ~is Fleta 6 (v. custodia 2c); 1313 noveritis me teneri ‥ ad prestandum ‥ toto meo ~o fidele servicum Reg. Aberbr. I 292; 1327 si infra dictum tempus parere recusaverit pro suo ~o inhabilis ‥ habeatur StatOx 130; 1342 ad solvendum ‥ singulis annis pro meo ~o ‥ pensionem Reg. Aberbr. II 15; apud nos pro suo ~o habens exhibicionem Meaux II 29. 6 (abl. as adv.) continuously, permanently, without interruption in time. monachum ‥ ~o vovisti Gildas EB 34; necesse est ut in suis sanctis Dominus requiescat et ipsi in eum ~o ad omni [sic] fluctuationem quiescant Theod. Laterc. 24; observare tempus Paschae cum universa mea gente ~o volo Bede HE V 21; rex ‥ constituit ‥ monasterium ac Dei famulis regalibus donis †~a [l. ~o] reddidit copiosum Gosc. Transl. Aug. 36C; s1126 feminam dolens non concipere, dum et ~o sterilem fore timeret ‥ W. Malm. HN 451; dum vos ~o infamem reddidit Gir. SD 78; 1317 pro ‥ presbyteris ‥ ~o celebraturis (v. capellania); s1189 totum feodum ‥ ~o quitavit Plusc. VI 33. 7 (sb. f. as given name) Perpetua. Perpetua magna nonis invecta migravit Kal. M. A. I 401; 1340 die Dominica ante festum ~e et Felicitatis KR Ac 350/18 m. 5.

1 perpĕtŭus, (8) a, um (peto), ¶ 1 continu, sans interruption, sans solution de continuité : perpetuæ paludes Cæs. G. 6, 5, 4, marais ininterrompus ; trabes perpetuæ in longitudinem Cæs. G. 7, 23, 1, poutres dʼune seule pièce ; una via lata perpetua Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 119, une rue unique large et continue ; perpetua societas Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 72, alliance ininterrompue ; quæstiones perpetuæ Cic. Br. 105, chambres dʼenquête permanentes ; oratione perpetua uti Cic. Fin. 1, 29, faire un exposé suivi || in perpetuum Cic. Phil. 2, 91, pour toujours, à jamais, cf. Cic. Br. 306 ; Verr. 2, 4, 20, etc. ¶ 2 qui dure toujours, dʼun caractère éternel : perpetui juris quæstio Cic. de Or. 2, 141, question portant sur un point de droit éternel, dʼapplication constante ; quæstio perpetua Cic. Or. 126, une question qui se pose toujours || perpetua fulmina Sen. Nat. 2, 47, 1, foudres perpétuelles = ayant une valeur de présage ininterrompue pour toute la vie || [gramm.] perpetuus modus Diom. 340, 34, infinitif.

➳ perpetuior, perpetuissimus Cato Orat. 23 frg. 1 ; 12 frg. 1.

perpetuus , a, um. adj.
永逮者。不息者。 — bos 全牛。 Praeda haec perpetua mea est 此贓全歸吾。Perpetui montes 相連之山。Ne id quidem perpetuum est 此亦不常如是。In perpetuum 爲永計。\c. perpetuior. \s. perpetuissimus.

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per-petuus adj.

• per+1 PAT-, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted, constant, entire, whole, perpetual: agmen: vigiliaeque stationesque, a continuous line of, etc., Cs.: Perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis, V.: innocentia perpetuā vitā perspecta, in the whole tenor of his life, Cs.: oratio (opp. altercatio): quaestiones, a permanent court for criminal trials: historia, a general history: diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere, this whole day, T.: lex: stellarum cursūs: formido, V.: rota, perpetuum quā circumvertitur axem (i. e. perpetuo), O.—As substn.: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever.—Universal, general: perpetui iuris quaestio: quaestio, a general principle.