tabernaculum

tăbernācŭlum, i, n. [taberna], a tent (syn. tentorium): tabernacula dicuntur a similitudine tabernarum, quae ipsae, quod ex tabulis olim fiebant, dictae sunt, non, ut quidam putant, quod tabulis cludantur, Fest. p. 356 Müll.; cf.: unde (sc. a tabernis) et tabernacula sunt dicta, licet ex tentoriis pellibus fiant, id. s. v. contubernales, p. 38 ib.

• I In gen.: tabernaculo in litore posito, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 87: in ipso aditu portus tabernacula carbaseis intenta velis collocabat, id. ib. 2, 5, 12, § 30: collocassem mihi in campo Martio, id. Pis. 25, 61: militare, id. Brut. 9, 37: Caesar eo die tabernacula statui passus non est, Caes. B. C. 1, 81; Nep. Eum. 7, 1: tabernaculis stantibus castra reliquerunt, Liv. 22, 42, 2: tabernaculis detensis, Caes. B. C. 3, 85; Liv. 41, 3, 1: militare, Cic. Brut. 9, 37: regium, Liv. 24, 40, 11: regis, Curt. 3, 3, 8; 7, 10, 14: ducis, Tac. A. 1, 29: qui in unā philosophiā quasi tabernaculum vitae suae collocarunt, as it were, have pitched their tent, settled down, Cic. de Or. 3, 20, 77. —
• II In partic., in relig. lang.: tabernaculum capere, to choose a place for a tent without the city, wherein to observe the auspices previous to holding the comitia: tabernaculum recte captum, in the proper manner, with due ceremonies, Cic. Div. 2, 35, 75; cf.: parum recte tabernaculum capere, Liv. 4, 7, 3: cum tabernaculum vitio cepisset imprudens, improperly, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33: tabernaculum vitio captum, id. N. D. 2, 4, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 3.—
• III The Jewish tabernacle, Vulg. Num. 7, 1 et saep.

tabernāculum, ī, n. (taberna), das zu einer taberna Eingerichtete, I) im allg., die Hütte, die Bude, das Zelt, Cic., Caes. u.a.: regium, Liv.: militare, Cic.: Nomades in tabernaculis viventes, Plin.: tabernaculum in campo Martio sibi collocare, Cic.: in ipso aditu atque ore portus tabernacula carbaseis intenta velis collocare, Cic.: tabernaculum secundum litus ipsum constituere, Auct. b. Afr.: in principiis tabernaculum statuere, Nep.: totos dies in litore tabernaculo posito perpotabat, Cic.: incisis tabernaculorum funibus suismet tentoriis coopertos trucidabant, Tac.: ex praetorio in tabernaculum suum confusus concessit, Liv.: alqm in tabernaculum introducere, Liv.: tabernacula detendere, Caes. u. Liv. – im Bilde, qui in una philosophia quasi tabernaculum vitae suae collocarunt, Cic. de or. 3, 77. – II) insbes., in der Religionssprache, der von dem Augur vor Abhaltung der Komitien außerhalb der Stadt zur Beobachtung der Auspizien eingenomme Standort, die Schauhütte, capere tabernaculum, das T. einnehmen, wählen, recte, recht, nach Ritualvorschrift, vitio, nicht gehörig, Cic. u. Liv. – ➳ Synk. tabernāclum, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 5339.

tabernaculum [CL] 1 tent, hut, movable or temporary dwelling; b (w. ref. to Psalm. lxxxiii 11). c (sollemnitas ~orum or sim., w. ref. to Lev. xxiii 34) Feast of Tabernacles. episcopum ‥ qui ‥ pro viridantis campi equore ibi ~um tetenderat ‥ occidit W. Malm. GR II 131; plures in ~is morabantur, in domibus ne mollescerent requiescere dedignabantur Ord. Vit. IV 4 p. 184; ~um, domus in expeditione vel in deserto manentium Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 590.  b elegit ‥ in ~is peccatorum ad tempus ut fenum florere Ord. Vit. III 2 p. 41; 1166 ut habitarem salubrius in domo Domini quam in ~is peccatorum Becket Ep. 223 p. 495; quod abjecta sis in domo Domini et non habites in ~is peccatorum P. Blois Ep. 35. 113B.  c scenophegia i. sollemnitatem ~orum quam in vij mense Judei celebrant Comm. Cant. III 130; scenopegia, sollemnitas ~orum GlC S 119; die octavo Pasche et die octavo ~orum S. Langton Chron. 155. 2 (also in Christian allegorical context) curtained tent containing Ark of the Covenant (cf. Exod. xxvi ff.), portable sanctuary; b (in book title). curtinae ‥ ~i purpureis ostri et cocci coloribus fucatae Aldh. Met. 2 p. 64; venit ad erudiendos eos qui evacuati a Christo adhuc in lege gloriabantur et quasi ~um Domini in Silo absque testamenti arca servabant Bede Sam. 527A; inter sacerdotes Wiltonie qui precedebant arcam foederis Domini, ministri dominici ~i Gosc. Edith 50; 1167 recurrebant illi ad ~um foederis ubi sancta sanctorum servabantur, id est mandata Dei, que cunctis justificationibus antecellunt J. Sal. Ep. 219 (219 p. 372); in intimo dilectionis celice domicilio, quod est ~um testimonii Ad. Marsh Ep. 247. 12 p. 452.  b de ~o et vasis ejus ‥ libros iiij Bede HE V 24 p. 357. 3 dwelling place (also transf. or fig.); b (of heaven, freq. w. ref. to Luc. xvi 9); c (applied to body or part of it as dwelling of soul, or to mind as dwelling of thoughts or sim.). respondit rex “‥ mansionis tue construe habitaculum, edifica monasterium.” ‥ Kentegernus ‥ non dedit oculis sompnum liberum ‥ donec inveniret locum aptum ad edificandum ~um Domino Deo Jacob J. Furness Kentig. 24 p. 201; pervenit ad me edictum abbatis ne egrederer ostium ~i nec curiam ingrederer nisi cum eo Chr. Evesham 145.  b 735 tibi in celestibus mansionibus et in aeternis ~is ‥ aeternalem mercedem ‥ restituat Bonif. Ep. 35; post migrationem corporis [te] custodiat, ducens ad aeterna ~a Æthelw. prol. p. 1; teste veritate amici de mammona iniquitatis facti factores recipiunt in eterna ~a Canon. G. Sempr. f. 88; confederacio duorum supremi via recta rectoris ad ~um celsitudinis et incircumvenibilis infinitivum ducit ad habitaculum E. Thrip. SS I 5.  c certus sum ‥ quia tempus mee resolutionis instat et velox est depositio ~i mei [II Petr. i 14] Bede HE IV 27 p. 274; ut homo luteo ~o circumdatus J. Furness Walth. 120; nimia replevit amaratudine [sic] ~um mentis nostre rumor Pri. Cold. 13; ~um nostre mentis ‥ replevit amaritudine FormOx 192. 4 canopy or canopied structure. b canopied niche in wall or pillar, or receptacle for image or relic (of saint); c (represented in embroidered design). d ornamental receptacle to contain the Holy Sacrament. 1289 ad ~um lecti regis in sua magna camera KR Ac 467/17 m. 8; unus ‥ in alba ad deferendum ~um sericum Cust. Sal. 201; c1300 in j ~o faciendo supra ymagines ad protegend' pluviam, iij s. DCCant. DE/150; quatuor sacerdotes ‥ portent ~um. tres diaconi ‥ subtus ~um liquores benedicendos deferant; tres pueri acolythi precedant ~um cum cruce Miss. Heref. 87.  b 1242 pro pondere xiiij d. argenti ad quoddam ~um factum ad quandam ymaginem de ebore Liberate 18 m. 6; 1419 in j ymagine B. Marie empta cum factura ~i sui et pictura ejusdem stantis super le parclos ante altare S. Stephani Fabr. York 42; 1432 lego A. T. de London parvam imaginem B. Virginis de auro inclusam in uno ~o eciam de auro Reg. Cant. II 493; elevabatur turris ‥ in cujus medio sub uno ~o splendido stetit imago ‥ S. Georgii armata G. Hen. V 15.  c a1414 una capa de rubeo camaca ‥ in qua sunt diversa ~a cum imaginibus diversorum sanctorum (Invent.) Amund. II app. 341.  d 1325 volumus quod ~um nostrum sit in gubernacione ‥ aldermannorum et in loco honesto et sacro conservetur, viz. in ecclesia S. Marie ad Turrim Gild Merch. II 126; 1424 unum thabernaculum melius quod habeo pro corpore dominico imponendo Reg. Cant. II 299; qui illud statim in predicta pixide in ~o deponat Med. Stage II 314. 5 a (understood as) panel. b (in gl., understood as) little tavern, or f. l. a 1436 magnum tabulatum sive ~um, argenteum deauratum, habens in medio imaginem ‥ pretiose et solemniter anemelatum Amund. II 190.  b cauponula, †tabernacula [? l. tabernula] GlC C 175.

tăbernācŭlum, (10) ī, n. , tente, cf. Fest. 356, 38 ; ponere, collocare, statuere Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 87 ; Pis. 61 ; Cæs. C. 1, 81, établir, dresser une tente, des tentes ; tabernaculis stantibus Liv. 22, 42, 2, les tentes restant debout ; tabernacula detendere Cæs. C. 3, 85, plier les tentes, cf. Liv. 41, 3, 1 || tente augurale : tabernaculum capere Cic. Div. 1, 33, choisir lʼemplacement de la tente augurale [avant les comices], cf. Cic. Div. 2, 75 ; Liv. 4, 7, 3.

tabernaculum , i. n.
帳房。Capere tabernaculum 揀帳房之處。

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tabernāculum ī, n

• taberna, a tent: tabernacula statui passus non est, Cs.: in campo Martio mihi tabernaculum conlocare: militare: regium, L.—Of an augur, in the phrase, tabernaculum capere, to select a place for observing the auspices: tabernaculum recte captum, duly: parum recte, L.: vitio.

TABERNACULUM

TABERNA´CULUM, TENTO´RIUM(κλισίη, σκηνή), a tent. The former of these words was no doubt originally applied to a shed or hut of boards (cf. Fest. s. v. tabernacula; TUGURIUM); but it became the ordinary term for a tent (Cic. Brut. 9, 37; Caes. B.C. 1.81; Liv. 22.42). These were made of skins stretched from wooden supports, like our canvas tents; hence the name tentoria, which, as we may gather from Festus (s. v. contubernales), is put concisely for tentoriae pelles. The tent-maker was called tabernacularius (Grut. 6428; Henzen, 6101). Constant supplies of hides for this purpose were drawn from the provinces by armies in the field (Cic. Ver. 2.2, 5, coria; in Pis. 36, 87, pellium nomine). Campaigning was sub pellibus durare (Liv. 5.2): during winter the soldiers were either in towns, or, if they held a permanent camp in remote and uncivilised countries, they were lodged in huts of wood, turf or stones [CASTRA]: to keep them in tents during the winter was a mark of severity (Tac. Ann. 13.35; cf. Caes. B. G. 3.29: Long ad loc.). The word papilio, pavilion, may be, as Rich thinks, intended to describe the look of a tent with its curtains looped up. [For the size of Roman tents and their arrangements, see CONTUBERNIUM; Marquardt, Staatsverw. 2.427.]

The κλισίαι of Homer were not tents, but wooden or wattled huts; that of Achilles (larger no doubt than the ordinary κλισίη, and with separate rooms, but of like material) was of fir-planks and thatched with reeds (Il. 24.451), and εὔπηκτος, which implies carpenter's work (ib. 675). [See Buchholz, Hom. Realien, 2.340.] In later Greek warfare (where any shelter is required) we find generally tents of skins, like those of the Romans, which are usually called σκηναί (Xen. Anab. 1.5, 12; cf. σκηνοοράφος, Zonar. p. 1655; Ael. VH 2.1), but also διφθέραι (Xen. Anab. 1.5, 10); διφθέραι with iron tent-pegs (Arr. Anab. 4.19): wooden huts were also used and termed σκηναί, which explains the burning of the σκηναί, as too troublesome to carry, in Xen. Anab. 3.2, 27: so Droysen takes it, but it is also possible that wooden framework for the διφθέραι may have been burnt. (See Droysen, Kriegsalterth. § 11=Hermann-Blümner, Lehrbuch, 2.13.) [For the augural tabernaculum, see AUGURIA; TEMPLUM ad init. ]

[G.E.M]