κεν

enclitic. Conditional or limiting particle. (Cf. ἄν1.) For the uses in protasis and apodosis see 6.

• • 1

    With subj. : σύ κεν κακὸν οἶτον ὄληαι Il. 3.417. Cf. Il. 1.184, Il. 8.405, Il. 9.619, Il. 10.282, Il. 11.433, Il. 12.226, etc. : τῶν κέν τις τόδʼ ἔχῃσιν Od. 1.396. Cf. Od. 2.213, Od. 4.80, Od. 9.356, Od. 10.539, Od. 14.183, Od. 18.265, etc.

    In other examples (e.g. ὑποείξω Il. 15.211, καταλέξω Il. 9.262 : Od. 3.80) the form may be taken as aor. subj. or fut. indic.

  • 2

    With fut. indic. : οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσιν Il. 1.175. Cf. Il. 4.176, Il. 8.404, Il. 14.267, Il. 17.515, Il. 22.70, etc. : τούς κε θέλξει Od. 16.297. Cf. Od. 5.36, Od. 10.432, Od. 15.524, Od. 16.260, Od. 17.540, Od. 18.265, etc.

  • 3

    With opt. in potential or fut. sense : νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοι πόλιν Il. 2.12. Cf. Il. 1.64, 100, Il. 2.160, 373, Il. 3.53, etc. : ἐμοί κε κέρδιον εἴη Od. 2.74. Cf. Od. 1.266, 380, Od. 2.86, Od. 3.117, 365, Od. 4.560, etc.

  • 4

    In potential sense in suppositions contrary to fact.

  • • a

      In reference to the past

    • • α

        With impf., aor. or plupf. indic. : καί κεν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν Il. 3.41, ἦ τέ κεν ἤδη λάϊνον ἕσσο χιτῶνα 56. Cf. Il. 4.421, Il. 5.22, 885, Il. 8.454, Il. 9.545, Il. 11.382, etc.: τῷ κέν οἱ τύμβον ἐποίησαν Od. 1.239, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν (will have slain him) Od. 4.546. Cf. Od. 3.258, Od. 4.174, 178, Od. 5.311, Od. 7.278, Od. 9.79, etc.

      • β

        With pres. or aor. opt. : φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τινʼ ἔμμεναι Il. 3.220. Cf. Il. 3.41, Il. 4.429, Il. 12.58, 381, 447, Il. 13.127, Il. 15.697, Il. 17.366, Il. 19.90 : οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Od. 4.64. Cf. Od. 5.73, Od. 8.280, Od. 13.86.

    • b

      In reference to the present with pres. opt. : οὔ κε Τηλέμαχον ὧδʼ ἀνιείης (would not be setting him on) Od. 2.185.

  • 5

    Repeated Od. 4.733.

    Joined with ἄν1 in various constructions Il. 11.187, 202, Il. 13.127, Il. 24.437 : Od. 5.361, Od. 6.259, Od. 9.334.

  • 6

    For uses in protasis with εἰ (αἴ) and in the corresponding relative sentences see Table at end II.B.a.2 (subj.), (D) (4) (5) (6) (11) (subj.), (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (opt.), III.B.a.2 (subj.),6.b.2 (opt.), C.a.2 (aor. indic.), (D) (8) (9) (10) (fut.), (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (43) (44) (subj.), (47) (48) (60) (61) (62) (63) (64) (opt.).

    For uses in apodosis see II.C.a 1 (aor. indic.), (3) (opt.), (D) (12) (16) (21) (opt.), III.C.a 1 (aor. or impf. indic.), (2) (aor. indic.), (4) (5) (opt.), 6.b(opt.), 6.c.1 (opt.), (D) (5) (16) (opt.), (22) (fut.), (25) (subj.), (29) (41) (opt.), (46) (48) (fut.), (51) (subj.), (56) (62) (opt.).

    For αἴ κεν (not in protasis) see αἴ 3, αἴ 4.

    For εἴ κεν (not in prot.) see εἰ 9 10.

    For ῆός κεν see ἧος 4.

    For ἵνα κεν see ἵνα 4.

    For ὅ κεν (not in prot.) see ὁ 4.c.

    For ὅς κεν (not in prot.) see ὅς2 II.3.a, 5, 9.a.

    For ὅμως κεν (not in prot.) see ὅπως 2.b, 2.c.

    For ὅς τίς κεν (not in prot.) see ὅς τις 2–For ὅτε κεν (not in prot.) see ὅτε 4.

    For ὄφρα κεν (not in prot.) see ὄφρα 1.b, 5.a, 5.b.

    For ὥς κεν (not in prot.) see ὡς 6.b, 7.a, 8.a.β, b.β, 13.

  • 7

    With infin. Il. 22.110.