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κύκλος

κύκλος, κύκλος, ring, circle; wheel

κύκλος, ὁ (Dor. ἁ, v. infr. II.11), also with heterocl. pl. κύκλα Il., etc., v. infr. II.1, 3, 9, III.1:—
  • ring, circle, ὅπποτέ μιν δόλιον περὶ κύκλον ἄγωσιν, of the circle which hunters draw round their game, Od. 4.792; κ. δέκα χάλκεοι (concentric) circles of brass on a round shield, Il. 11.33, cf. 20.280; but ἀσπίδος κύκλον λέγω the round shield itself, A. Th. 489, cf. 496, 591.
      • 2 Adverbial usages, κύκλῳ in a circle or ring, round about, κ. ἁπάντῃ Od. 8.278; κ. πάντῃ X. An. 3.1.2; πανταχῇ D. 4.9; τὸ κ. πέδον Pi. O. 10(11).46; κ. περιάγειν Hdt. 4.180; λίμνη . . ἐργασμένη εὖ κ. Id. 2.170; τρέχειν κ. Ar. Th. 662; περιέπλεον αὐτοὺς κ. Th. 2.84; οἱ κ. βασιλεῖς X. Cyr. 7.2.23; ἡ κ. περιφορά, κίνησις, Pl. Lg. 747a, Alex.Aphr. in Top. 218.3: freq. with περί or words compounded there with, round about, κ. πέριξ A. Pers. 368, 418; περιστῆναι κ. Hdt. 1.43; βωμὸν κ. περιστῆναι A. Fr. 379; ἀμφιχανὼν κ. S. Ant. 118 (lyr.); περιστεφῆ κ. Id. El. 895; περισταδὸν κ. E. Andr. 1137; κ. περιϊέναι Pl. Phd. 72b, etc.; τοῦ φλοιοῦ περιαιρεθέντος κ. Thphr. HP 4.15.1; so κ. περὶ αὐτήν round about it, Hdt. 1.185; περὶ τὰ δώματα κ. Id. 2.62; also κύκλῳ c. acc., without περί, ἐπιστήσαντες κ. σῆμα Id. 4.72; πάντα τὸν τόπον τοῦτον κ. D. 4.4: c. gen., κ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου X. Cyr. 4.5.5; τὰ κ. τῆς Ἀττικῆς D. 18.96, cf. PFay. 110.7 (i A.D.), etc.: metaph., around or from all sides, S. Ant. 241, etc.; κεντουμένη κύκλῳ ἡ ψυχή all over, Pl. Phdr. 251d; τὰ κ. the circumstances, Arist. Rh. 1367b29, EN 1117b2; ἡ κ. ἀπόδειξις, of arguing in a circle, Id. APo. 72b17, cf. APr. 57b18: with Preps., ἐν κ. S. Aj. 723, Ph. 356, E. Ba. 653, Ar. V. 432, etc.; ἅπαντες ἐν κ. Id. Eq. 170, Pl. 679: c. gen., E. HF 926, Th. 3.74; κατὰ κύκλον Emp. 17.13.
    • II any circular body:
      • 1 wheel, Il. 23.340; in which sense the heterocl. pl. κύκλα is mostly used, 5.722, 18.375; τοὺς λίθους ἀνατιθεῖσι ἐπὶ τὰ κύκλα on the janker, IG 1(2).350.47.
      • 2 trencher, SIG 57.32 (Milet., v B.C.), Abh.Berl.Akad. 1928(6).29 (Cos), Poll. 6.84.
      • 3 place of assembly, of the ἀγορά, ἱερὸς κ. Il. 18.504; ὁ κ. τοῦ Ζηνὸς τὠγοραίου Schwyzer 701 B 6 (Erythrae, v B.C.); ἀγορᾶς κ. (cf. κυκλόεις) E. Or. 919; of the amphitheatre, D.C. 72.19.
        • b crowd of people standing round, ring or circle of people, κ. τυραννικός S. Aj. 749; κύκλα χαλκέων ὅπλων, i.e. of armed men, dub. in Id. Fr. 210.9, cf. X. Cyr. 7.5.41: abs., E. Andr. 1089, X. An. 5.7.2 (both pl.), Diph. 55.3.
        • c place in the ἀγορά where domestic utensils were sold, Alex. 99.
      • 4 vault of the sky, ὁ κ. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Hdt. 1.131, LXX 1 Es. 4.34; πυραυγέα κ. αἰθέρος h.Hom. 8.6, cf. E. Ion 1147; ὁ ἄνω κ. S. Ph. 815; ἐς βάθος κύκλου Ar. Av. 1715; νυκτὸς αἰανὴς κ. S. Aj. 672; γαλαξίας κ. the milky way, Placit. 2.7.1, al., Poll. 4.159; also ὁ τοῦ γάλακτος κ. Arist. Mete. 345a25; πολιοῖο γάλακτος κ. Arat. 511.
        • b μέγιστος κ. great circle, Autol. Sph. 2, al.; μ. κ. τῶν ἐν τῇ σφαίρᾳ Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1.30, cf. Gem. 5.70; κ. ἰσημερινός, θερινός, etc., Ph. 1.27; χειμερινός Gem. 5.7, Cleom. 1.2; ἀρκτικός, ἀνταρκτικός, Gem. 5.2, 9; ὁ κ. ὁ τῶν ζῳδίων Arist. Mete. 343a24; ὁ ὁρίζων κ. the horizon, Id. Cael. 297b34; παράλληλοι κ., of parallels of latitude, Autol. Sph. 1: in pl., the zones, Stoic. 2.196.
      • 5 orb, disk of the sun and moon, ἡλίου κ. A. Pr. 91, Pers. 504, S. Ant. 416; πανσέληνος κ. E. Ion 1155; μὴ οὐ πλήρεος ἐόντος τοῦ κύκλου (sc. τῆς σελήνης) Hdt. 6.106: in pl., the heavenly bodies, IG 14.2012A9 (Sulp. Max.).
      • 6 circle or wall round a city, esp. round Athens, ὁ Ἀθηνέων κ. Hdt. 1.98, cf. Th. 2.13, etc.; οὐχὶ τὸν κ. τοῦ Πειραιῶς, οὐδὲ τοῦ ἄστεως D. 18.300.
        • b circular fort, Th. 6.99, al.
      • 7 round shield, v. sub init.
      • 8 in pl., eye-balls, eyes, S. OT 1270, Ph. 1354; ὀμμάτων κ. Id. Ant. 974 (lyr.): rarely in sg., eye, ὁ αἰὲν ὁρῶν κ. Διός Id. OC 704 (lyr.).
      • 9 οἱ κ. τοῦ προσώπου cheeks, Hp. Morb. 2.50; κύκλα παρειῆς Nonn. D. 33.190, 37.412; but κύκλος μαζοῦ, poet. for μαζός, is f.l. in Tryph. 34.
      • 10 κ. ἐλαίης an olive wreath, Orph. A. 325 (pl.).
      • 11 cycle or collection of legends or poems, κύκλον ἱστορημέναν ὑπὲρ Κρήτας GDI 5187.9 (Crete); esp. of the Epic cycle, ὁ ἐπικὸς κ. Ath. 7.277e, Procl. ap. Phot. Bibl. p.319 B., cf. Arist. Rh. 1417a15; of the corpus of legends compiled by Dionysius Scytobrachion, Ath. 11.481e, cf. Sch. Od. 2.120; κ. ἐπιγραμμάτων Suid. s.v. Ἀγαθίας; cf. κυκλικός II.
    • III circular motion, orbit of the heavenly bodies, κύκλον ἰέναι Pl. Ti. 38d; οὐρανὸς . . μιᾷ περιαγωγῇ καὶ κύκλῳ συναναχορεύει τούτοις Arist. Mu. 391b18; revolution of the seasons, ἐνιαυτοῦ κ. E. Or. 1645, Ph. 477; τὸν ἐνιαύσιον κ. the yearly cycle, ib. 544; ἑπτὰ . . ἐτῶν κ. Id. Hel. 112; μυρία κύκλα ζώειν, i.e. years, AP 7.575 (Leont.): hence κ. τῶν ἀνθρωπηΐων ἐστὶ πρηγμάτων human affairs revolve in cycles, Hdt. 1.207; φασὶ . . κύκλον εἶναι τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πράγματα Arist. Ph. 223b24, al.; κ. κακῶν D.C. 44.29; κύκλου ἐξέπταν, i.e. from the cycle of rebirths, Orph. Fr. 32c. 6.
        • b ἐν τοῖς κ. εἶναι to be in train, of an affair, PEleph. 14.24 (iii B.C.).
      • 2 circular dance (cf. κύκλιος), χωρεῖτε νῦν ἱερὸν ἀνὰ κ. Ar. Ra. 445, cf. Simon. 148.9, E. Alc. 449 (lyr.).
      • 3 in Rhet., a rounded period, περιόδου κύκλος D.H. Comp. 19, cf. 22, 23.
        • b period which begins and ends with the same word, Hermog. Inv. 4.8.
      • 4 in Metre, a kind of anapaest, v.l. for κυκλικός in D.H. Comp. 17.
    • IV sphere, globe, Pl. Lg. 898a. [ῠ by nature, S. Ant. 416, Aj. 672, etc., but freq. long by position in Hom. and Trag.]

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