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ἀναγκαῖος

ἀναγκαῖος, ἀναγκαῖος α ον, necessary (adjective)

ἀναγκ-αῖος, α, ον, in Att. also ος, ον Th. 1.2, Pl. R. 554a, etc.:
  • of, with, or by force:
    • I Act., constraining, applying force, μῦθος ἀ. a word of force, Od. 17.399; χρειὼ ἀ. urgent necessity, Il. 8.57; ἦμαρ ἀ. day of constraint, i.e. life of slavery, 16.836; ἀ. τύχη a doom imposed by fate, or fateful chance, S. Aj. 485, cf. 803 (but, fatal chance, Id. El. 48); πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμʼ ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ Thgn. 472, cf. 297, E. Or. 230; τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους by the compulsory nature of our rule, Th. 5.99; δεσμὸς ἀ. Theoc. 24.33; ἐξ ἀναγκαίου under stress of circumstances, Th. 7.60.
      • 2 forcible, cogent, πειθώ Pl. Sph. 265d; ἀποδείξεις Ti. 40e; διαλλακτὰς πολὺ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ἀναγκαιοτέρους Th. 4.60; τὰ -ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων the more authoritative copies, Sch. S. OC 390.
    • II Pass., constrained, forced, twice in Od., πολεμισταὶ ἀ. soldiers perforce, Od. 24.499; so δμῶες ἀ. ib. 210 (where however Eust. expl. it χρειώδεις trusty, serviceable, v. infr. 6).
      • 2 necessary (physically or morally), οὐκ ἀ. unnecessary (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. Arist. Metaph. 1015a20ff.), ἀ. [ἐστί] it is necessary to . ., S. Ph. 1317, etc.; γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότατον, c. inf., Hdt. 3.65; ἀ. κακόν a necessary evil, Men. 651, cf. Hybreas ap. Str. 14.2.24: also c. inf., ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι Pl. Grg. 449b; ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην εἶναι τρέπεσθαι Sph. 242b; [μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι necessary for us to have learnt them before, Lg. 643c.
      • 3 τὰ ἀ. necessaries of life, Antipho 4.1.2, Pl. Lg. 848a; τὰ ἀ. τοῦ βίου Isoc. 4.40; ἀ. τροφή Th. 1.2.
        • b τὰ ἀ. things necessary to be done, X. Mem. 1.1.6; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ. the appointed order of things, HG 1.7.33; θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε E. Hec. 584 codd.: τὸ ἀ., = ἀνάγκη, Arist. Ph. 200a31.
      • 4 indispensable, i.e. a bare minimum, freq. in Sup., τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος the least height that was absolutely necessary, Th. 1.90; ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις the least that could be called a city, Pl. R. 369d; ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν Arist. Pol. 1291a12; αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατʼ εἰπεῖν give a bare outline of the facts, D. 18.126, cf. 168; ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια the most distant degree of kinship recognized by law, 44.26: less freq. in Posit., οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι Th. 1.70: hence, scanty, makeshift, παρασκευή 6.37.
      • 5 of persons, connected by necessary or natural ties, i.e. related by blood, Antipho 1.4, Pl. R. 574b; ἀ. δόμοις E. Alc. 533; οἱ ἀ. kinsfolk, X. An. 2.4.1; ἀ. φίλοι E. Andr. 671; συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι D. 19.290; τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους Act.Ap. 10.24, cf. PFlor. 2.142.2 (iii A. D.).
      • 6 Astrol., efficacious, Vett.Val. 63.1 (Comp.): ἀ. γραμμή line of fate, Cat.Cod.Astr. 7.238.
      • 7 costly, ὄξος POxy. 1870 (v A. D.); ἐσθής Suid. s.v. βεστιάριον.
    • III Adv. -ως of necessity, perforce, ἀ. ἔχει it must be so, Hdt. 1.89, A. Ch. 239, S. Tr. 723, Pl. Phd. 91e, etc.; ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα Hdt. 8.140.αʹ, al.; ἀ. φέρειν, opp. ἀνδρείως, Th. 2.64; as best might be, Pl. Ti. 69d.
      • 2 γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν in a narrow sense (cf. II.4, but prob. with play on foreg. III.1), Id. R. 527a; πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλʼ ἀ. Babr. 55.2:—Sup. ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις Pl. Phlb. 40c.
      • 3 strictly, κελεύειν OGI 669.41 (i A. D.).
    • IV οἱ ἀ. τόποι privy parts, Vett.Val. 113.9.
    • V ἀναγκαῖον, τό, v. sub v.

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