ὅρκος

ὅρκος, ὁ,

• the object by which one swears, as the Styx among the gods, Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος ὅ. δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι Il. 15.38, cf. 2.755, Hes. Th. 400, 784, 805, h.Cer. 259, Arist. Metaph. 983b31; or as Zeus among mortals, Pi. P. 4.167; so of things, ὅρκον δʼ ἐνοσφίσθης μέγαν, ἅλας τε καὶ τράπεζαν Archil. 96; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅ . .. κύων, ἔπειτα χήν Cratin. 231, cf. Placit. 1.3.8: hence,
• • • 2 oath, mostly with epith. μέγας, καρτερός, Hom. (v. infr.), etc.; θεῶν ὅ. an oath by the gods, Od. 2.377; μακάρων ὅ. 10.299, cf. S. OT 647, E. Hipp. 657; ὅ. ἐκ θεῶν μέγας A. Ag. 1284; ὅ. κατὰ τῶν . . ὀφθαλμῶν Aeschin. 2.153; ὅ. πλατύς a firm-based oath, Emp. 30.3; ὅρκον ὀμόσαι swear an oath, ὄμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅ. Od. 2.378, etc.; ὅ. ἀπώμνυ ib. 377, cf. 10.381; ἐπὶ δʼ ὅρκον ὀμεῖται Hes. Op. 194; κατομόσαι E. IT 790; ὅ. ἐπιορκῆσαι take a false oath, Aeschin. 1.115, etc.; ὅρκου προστεθέντος when an oath is added, S. Fr. 472, cf. El. 47; δαίμονι τῷ Πλεισθενιδῶν ὅρκους θεμένη having made a sworn compact with . ., A. Ag. 1570 (anap.); ὅ. ἀλλήλοις ποιοῦνται οἱ μὲν ἔφοροι ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως, βασιλεὺς δʼ ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ X. Lac. 15.7; ὅρκους συνῆψαν E. Ph. 1241, etc.; of the person demanding the oath, ὅ. ἑλέσθαι τινός or τινί take it of him, i.e. make him swear, Od. 4.746, Il. 22.119; ὅρκους ἐπελάσαι and προσάγειν τινί lay oath upon a man, put him on his oath, Hdt. 1.146, 6.62, 74; τὸν ὅ . . . ἐπάγειν . . Ὀποντίοις readminister the oath, IG 9(1).334.12 (Locr., v B. C.); ὅρκους δοὺς καὶ δεξάμενος after tendering his oath to them and accepting theirs, Hdt. 6.23, cf. IG 1(2).52.18, A. Eu. 429, Ar. Ra. 589, D. 39.3 and 4; so ὅρκον διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν Arist. Rh. 1377a7, 8; ἀποδοῦναι take it oneself, D. 19.318, Aeschin. 3.74; ἀπολαμβάνειν administer or tender it, D. 5.9, 18.25; ὅρκους καὶ πίστιν ἀλλήλοις δότε swear to one another, Ar. Lys. 1185, cf. And. 1.107; ὅρκοις καταλαβὼν τὰ τέλη having bound the authorities by oaths, Th. 4.86; ὅρκοις κατειλημμένους Id. 1.9; ὅρκῳ ἐμμένειν abide by it, E. Med. 754; ὅ. τηρεῖν Democr. 239; παραβαίνειν E. Fr. 286.7, Ar. Av. 332, D. 19.318; ἐκβάντι τῶν ὅ. Pl. Smp. 183b; ἐκλιπεῖν E. Supp. 1194; συγχέαι Id. Hipp. 1063; ἐμπεδοῦν X. An. 3.2.10: after ὅρκος aor., pres., or fut. inf. may refer to fut. time, ὤμοσα καρτερὸν ὅ., μὴ . . ἀναφῆναι Od. 4.253; ἐμεῦ δʼ ἕλετο μέγαν ὅ., μὴ πρὶν σοὶ ἐρέειν ib. 746; ὅρκους ἔδοσαν καὶ ἔλαβον, ἀποδοῦναι . ., Ἀθηναίους δὲ μὴ πολεμεῖν . . X. HG 1.3.9: with Preps., οὐκ αὔτως . ., ἀλλὰ σὺν ὅρκῳ Od. 14.151; σὺν θεῶν ὅρκῳ X. Cyr. 2.3.12; εἶπαι ἐπʼ ὅρκου say on oath, Hdt. 9.11; κατὰ τοὺς ὅ. X. HG 5.4.54; opp. παρʼ ὅρκον Pi. O. 13.83; παρὰ τοὺς ὅ. X. An. 2.5.41: prov., ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω S. Fr. 811; parodied by Philonid. 7 ὅρκους δὲ μοιχῶν εἰς τέφραν . . γράφω, cf. Xenarch. 6, Men. Mon. 25.
  • II Ὅρκος, personified, son of Eris, Hes. Op. 804; a divinity who punishes the false and perjured, ib. 219, Th. 231, Orac. ap. Hdt. 6.86.γʹ; Διὸς Ὅ., as servant of Zeus, S. OC 1767 (anap.). (Cogn. with ἕρκος.)

ὅρκος, ὁ (eigtl. = ἕρκος, also die Schranke, durch die man gehalten ist, Etwas zu tun, vgl. ὁρκάνη, ὁρκοῦρος), eigtl. der Gegenstand, bei dem man einen Eid schwört, durch den man sich bindet, der Zeuge des Eides, welcher bei den Göttern das Wasser der Styx ist, Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος ὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν, Il. 15.38, vgl. 2.755 ; Hes. Th. 400, 785 ; ὁ δέ τοι μέγας ἔσσεται ὅρκος, Il. 1.239 ; u. so ist auch ursprünglich ἐπὶ δʼ ὅρκον ὄμοσσεν, 23.42, zu nehmen, was aber den Uebergang zu der Bdtg Eid, Schwur macht, νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον καρτερὸν ὅρκον, 19.108, ὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον, 175, öfter ; θεῶν μέγαν ὅρκον ἀπώμνυ, einen großen Eid bei den Göttern leistete sie, Od. 2.377, vgl. 10.299 ; auch Τρωσὶν δʼ αὖ μετόπισθε γερούσιον ὅρκον ἕλωμαι, ich werde ihnen einen Eid abnehmen, Il. 22.119, wie ἐμεῦ δʼ ἕλετο μέγαν ὅρκον, Od. 4.746 ; oft in der Vrbdg ὤμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅρκον, z.B. 5.184, was auch eigtl. ist = schwören und den Gegenstand, bei dem man schwört, nennen und ihn zu einem bindenden machen ; ὃς ἀνθρώπους ἐκέκαστο κλεπτοσύνῃ θʼ ὅρκῳ τε, Od. 19.396, geschickt im Gebrauche des Eides ; καρτερὸς ὅρκος ἄμμιν μάρτυς ἔστω, Pind. P. 4.167 ; θεῶν ὅρκον μέγαν μὴ παρφάμεν, Ol. 7.65 ; ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον, N. 11.24, bei meinem Eide ; ὀμώμοται γὰρ ὅρκος ἐκ θεῶν μέγας, Aesch. Ag. 1257 ; ὅρκον αἰδεῖσθαι, Eum. 650 ; τόνδʼ ὅρκον αἰδεσθεὶς θεῶν, Soph. O.R. 647 ; ἁλίσκεται χὠ δεινὸς ὅρκος, er wird überführt, als Meineid erkannt werden, Aj. 635 ; διʼ ὅρκων καίπερ ὢν ἀπώμοτος, Ant. 390 ; ὅρκῳ ἐμμένειν, dem Eide treu bleiben, Eur. Med. 754 ; ὅρκον δότω μοι, er soll mir einen Eid leisten, I.T. 735, wie ὅρκους παρασχών Hipp. 1037 u. sonst oft ; Ar. Ach. 249 ; ὅρκον ὁρκοῦν τινα, Lys. 187 ; in Prosa, σφίσι αὐτῇσι ὅρκους ἐπήλασαν, Her. 1.146, vgl. 6.62 ; ὅρκους προσάγειν τινί, einen Eid zuschieben, auflegen, 6.74 ; ὅρκοις καταλαμβάνειν τινά, Thuc. 1.91, 4.86 ; δοῦναί τινι, leisten, Plat. Legg. XII.948c ; vgl. δέχεσθαί τε ὅρκους παρʼ ἀλλήλων καὶ διδόναι, ib. 949b, wie Xen. Hell. 1.3.10 ; κατὰ ὅρκους ἢ κατὰ τὰς ἄλλας ὁμολογίας, Plat. Rep. IV.443a ; σὺν θεῶν ὅρκῳ λέγω, Xen. Cyr. 2.3.12 ; ὅρκον διδόναι, δέξασθαι auch Dem. 33.13, λύειν ib. 14 ; Folgde : ὅρκον ἐπάγειν τῷ λόγῳ, Luc. Scyth. 11 ; ὅρκον ἐντιθέναι συγγράμματι, q. hist.scr. 14 ; a.Sp.

ὅρκος

-ου, ὁ.

• • 1

    Something invoked in sanction of an oath, something by which one swears : ὅ τοι μέγας ἔσσεται ὁ. Il. 1.239. Cf. Il. 2.755, Il. 15.38 := Od. 5.186.

  • 2

    An oath : μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι (ὀμεῖται) Il. 1.233, Il. 9.132, 274. Cf. Il. 14.280, Il. 19.108, 113, 127, 175, Il. 20.313 (oaths by many different objects), Il. 22.119, Il. 23.42, 441 : Od. 2.377, 378= Od. 10.346, Od. 4.253, 746, Od. 5.178= Od. 10.343, Od. 10.299, 381, Od. 12.298, 304= Od. 15.438= Od. 18.59, Od. 14.151, 171, Od. 15.436, Od. 18.55, Od. 20.229.

  • 3

    The taking of an oath, swearing : ἀνθρώπους ἐκέκαστο κλεπτοσύνῃ θʼ ὅρκῳ τε (i.e. false swearing) Od. 19.396.

ὅρκος (-ος, -ον.)

• 1oath καὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμόσσαις τοῦτό γε οἱ σαφέως μαρτυρήσω O. 6.20 θεῶν δʼ ὅρκον μέγαν μὴ παρφάμεν O. 7.65 “καρτερὸς ὅρκος ἄμμιν μάρτυς ἔστω Ζεύς” P. 4.167 ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον N. 11.24 and so, that which one would swear to τελεῖ δὲ θεῶν δύναμις καὶ τὰν παρʼ ὅρκον καὶ παρὰ ἐλπίδα κούφαν κτίσιν O. 13.83

ὅρκος : (1) that by which one swears, witness of an oath, for the gods the Styx; for men Zeus, Earth, the Ermnyes, etc., Il. 2.755, Il. 15.38, Il. 3.276ff., Il. 19.258ff., Od. 14.394; Achilles swears by his sceptre, Il. 1.234.—(2) oath; ἑλέσθαι τινός or τινί, ‘take an oath from one,’ Il. 22.119, Od. 4.746; ὅρκος θεῶν, ‘by the gods,’ cf. Il. 20.313; γερούσιος ὅρκος, Il. 22.119; ὅρκῳ πιστωθῆναι, Od. 15.436.

ὅρκος, ὁ,

• • Ithe object by which one swears, the witness of an oath, as the Styx among the gods, Hom., etc.:—hence,
  • • 2an oath, Hom., etc.; ὅρκος θεῶν an oath by the gods, Od.; ὅρκον ὀμόσαι to swear an oath, Hom., etc.; ὅρκον ἐπιορκεῖν to take a false oath, Aeschin.; ὅρκον διδόναι καὶ δέξασθαι to tender an oath to another and accept the tender from him, Hdt., Attic; ὅρκον ἀποδιδόναι to take an oath, ἀπολαμβάνειν to tender it, Dem.; so, ὅρκον διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν Arist.; ὅρκοις τινὰ καταλαμβάνειν to bind one by oaths, Thuc.; ὅρκῳ ἐμμένειν to abide by it, Eur.; εἶπαι ἐπʼ ὅρκου to say on oath, Hdt.
  • IIὍρκος, personified, son of Ἔρις, a divinity, who punishes the perjured, Hes., etc. ὅρκος was orig. equiv. to ἕρκος, as ὁρκάνη to ἑρκάνη, from ἔργω, εἴργω, properly, that which restrains from doing a thing.