diadema

dĭădēma, ătis, n. (diadēma, ae, f., Pompon. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P. [Com. v. 163 Rib.]; Ap. M. 10, p. 253, 10), = διάδημα,

• a royal head-dress, a diadem (for syn. cf.: infula, vitta, redimiculum), Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 85; 3, 5, 12; Quint. 9, 3, 61; Suet. Caes. 79; Hor. C. 2, 2, 21; Juv. 8, 259; Vulg. Apoc. 12, 3 al.

diadēma, atis, n. (διάδημα, Binde, insbes.), die blaue, weißdurchwirkte Binde um den Turban (tiara) der Perserkönige; dah. Zeichen der königlichen Würde, das Diadem (rein lat. regium capitis insigne od. bl. insigne regium od. insigne capitis od. fascia), diadema alci od. capiti alcis imponere, Cic. u. Liv. epit.: d. capiti innectere, Aur. Vict.: regnum et d. deferre uni, Hor.: d. accipere, Tac.: d. assumere, Iustin.: d. ponere, Cic.: cruentum fraternā caede d. gerere, Liv. – ➳ Genet. Plur. diadematum u. diadematorum, nach Charis. 42, 32. – Nbf. diadēma, ae, f., Pompon. com. 163. Apul. met. 10, 30.

diadema [CL < διάδημα] 1 diadem, royal head-dress (usu. identified w. crown); b (fig., as emblem of royal authority); c (in name of book). [Constantinus] induit eam clamidem suam et ~a auro obrizo gemmisque purpureis ornatum posuit super caput ejus Aldh. VirgP 25; deadema, vit[t]a regalis capitis GlC D 98; 956 (12c) imperiali Anglo Saxonum ~ate infulatus CS 932; ~a, kynegerd ‥, corona, ~a, cynehelm ‥, ~a, bend agimmed and gesmiðed Ælf. Gl.; s973 regem, cujus sceptrigera gloria tunc lucidius refulsit et ~a aurea resplenduit Byrht. V. Osw. 436 (cf. ib. 437: rex ‥ deponendo ~am de capite); caput ‥, quod semper fuerat insigne regali ~ate Abbo Edm. 10; [Dunuallo Molmutius], cum totam insulam subjugasset, fecit sibi ~a ex auro G. Mon. II 17; s1120 Anglorum regina, tuos, Adelina, decores / ipsa referre parans Musa stupore riget. / quid diadema tibi pulcherrima? quid tibi gemme? / pallet gemma tibi, nec diadema nitet (Vers.) H. Hunt. HA VII 33; reginam decuit vultus ‥, / prefulgens vestis et diadema decens Neckam DS V 300; corona regia aut dyadema capiti ejusdem [regis] apponatur Lib. Regal. 33v; regalibus infulis trabeatus ~ateque regio coronatus Blakman Hen. VI 4; hec dyadema, A. crowne WW.  b Elfredo tradens proprio diademata nato Alcuin SS Ebor 575; 1048 (13c) cunctitonantis almifluo altithroni †clangente [l. cogente] diathemate Ch. Burton 38; adjecit hoc de pristina dignitate ~atis regum Francorum fore ut exsules ‥ regum et regni pace ‥ fruantur H. Bos. Thom. IV 7; dum prefatus rex Dacie ~a Anglie usurpasset V. Har. 1 f. 3b; 1580 recipio me regiae nostrae majestati ‥ fidem ‥ perpetuo praestiturum et ‥ defensurum ‥ omnimodas jurisdictiones ‥ et authoritates ‥ imperiali hujus regni ~ati conjunctas et annexas StatOx 416.  c 14‥ liber Smaragdi qui dicitur ~a Monachorum Catal. Durh. 65 (cf. Cart. Reading F 124). 2 (? by conf. w. diamas or diadochus) precious stone. hoc ~a, lapis preciosus WW.

dĭădēma, (11) ătis (gén. pl. um et ōrum dʼaprès Char. 42, 32 ), n. (διάδημα), diadème, bandeau royal : Cic. Phil. 2, 85 || dĭădēma, æ, f. , arch., Pompon. Com. 163 ; Apul. M. 10, 30.

diadema , atis. m.
王冠。

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diadēma ātis, n

• , διάδημα, a royal headdress, diadem: conlegae diadema imponere: tutum, H.

DIADEMA

DIADE´MA(διάδημα), a white band or fillet used to encircle the head. (Val. Max..) This ornament was of Oriental origin, and is frequently represented on the heads of Eastern monarchs. Hence the Greeks transferred it to their divinities. Its invention is ascribed by Pliny (Plin. Nat.7.191) to Liber pater; and accordingly on coins and other works of art Dionysus is represented with a diadema or band on his head, as is shown in the accompanying coin of the city of Naxos in Sicily. (See also the figure of Dionysus on p. 356.) In the same way we find on the coins of Bruttii the heads of Apollo and Hercules wearing the diadema (Eckhel, 1. p. 166); : and Pliny (H. N. xxxiv.

Diadema on head of Dionysus. (Coin of Naxos in Sicily. British. Museum.)

§ 79) speaks of a statue of Apollo as crowned with a diadema (diadematus).

The diadema was worn by the Assyrian kings. In the earliest monuments only one band passed round the head-dress of the monarch, but at a later period two or more were introduced, as in the accompanying figure (Layard, Nineveh, 2. p. 320). In the same way a blue band variegated with white spots encircled the tiara or cidaris of the Persian kings. (Xen. Cyr. 8.3, § 13; Plut. de Frat. Am. 100.18; Lucian, Pisc. 15; cidarim Persae vocabant regium capitis insigne: hoc caerulea fascia albo distincta circumibat, Curt. 3.3.19; 6.20.4: see drawing under TIARA) It was adopted by

Diadema on headdress of the Assyrian king. (Kouyunjik.)

Alexander after the conquest of Darius (Justin (Justin. 12.3; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 12, 3), and became the recognised symbol of royalty. It appears constantly on the coins of the successors of Alexander in Syria and Egypt (see annexed cuts), and consisted of a broad white band

Diadema on heads of Seleucus II., king of Syria (left-hand figure), and of Ptolemaeus II., king of Egypt (right-hand figure). (Coins in British Museum.)

encircling the head, with bands hanging down behind. Its white colour is frequently mentioned by ancient writers (ταινία λευκὴ περὶ τῷ μετώπῳ, Lucian, Navig. 39; Appian, App. BC 2.108; candida fascia, Suet. Jul. 79; albentibus spumis in modum diadematis, Tac. Ann. 6.37; vitta albente, Sil. Ital.). The example of the Diadochi was followed by other Grecian kings, for though Agathocles did not adopt it (Diod. 24.5), it was worn by subsequent kings of Syracuse. Thus it appears on the coins of Hieron II., though Eckhel thinks that they were struck after his death, because it would appear from Livy (Liv. 24.5), that it was first adopted by his grandson Hieronymus. (Eckhel, 1. p. 253.)

The diadema, as a symbol of royalty (negni insigne, Cic. Phil. 3.5, 12), was hateful to the Romans, and was therefore refused by Julius Caesar, when M. Antonius offered him a laurel crown encircled by a diadem (Διάδημα στεφάνῳ δάφνης περιπεπλεγμένον, Plut. Caes. 61, Anton. 12; Cic. Phil. 2.3. 4, 85; Suet. Jul. 79). A diadem had been previously placed upon his statue, but was removed by order of the tribunes (Suet. l. c.; Dio Cass.; Appian, App. BC 2.108). This diadem, like that of the Grecian kings, is expressly said to have been a white band (Suet., Appian, ll. cc.). It is indicative of the feeling of the Romans against the name of king and the emblem of kingly power, that succeeding emperors, though they exercised despotic power and assumed the corona radiata as a mark of divinity [CORONAp. 550 a ], are never represented with the diadem on their coins till the time of Constantine. The mad Caligula thought of assuming the diadem, and turning the principatus into a regnum, but gave up the idea (Suet. Cal. 22. Aurel. Vict. Epit. 3 says that Caligula actually assumed the diadem). Elagabalus also wished to use a jewelled diadem (Lamprid. Elagab. 23). Aurelius Victor says (Epit. 35) that Aurelianus was the first emperor who wore a diadem, but this is not confirmed by coins. It first appears, as we have already said, on the coins of Constantine, sometimes in a plain form, and sometimes adorned with precious stones. (Cf. Aurel. Vict. 41 of Constantine, caput exornans perpetuo diademate.) In the Chronicon Alexandrinum it is said that Constantinus was the first who wore the diadem adorned with pearls (Eckhel, 6. p. 80), and Claudian speaks (de Nupt. Honor. 167) of the diadem inwoven with heavy pearls gathered in the Erythrean sea. The diadem was regularly worn by the emperors succeeding Constantine. Thus Julian had a magnificent diadem adorned with precious stones ( ambitioso diademate utebatur lapidum fulgore distincto, Ammian. 21.1.4). The diadem was continually increased in richness, size, and splendour, till this bandage was at length converted into the crown which has been for many centuries the badge of sovereignty in modern Europe (Eckhel, 6. p. 18; viii. pp. 79, 363, 502).

Before the diadem was worn by the Roman emperors as a symbol of sovereignty, it was used as a head-dress by Roman women. Thus Isidore (Orig. 19.31) defines the diadema as ornamentum capitis matronarum ex auro contextum. (Becker-Göll, Gallus, 3. p. 279; Marquardt, Privatl., p. 681.)

[W.S]

Diadēma

(διάδημα). The white fillet round the brow which was the emblem of sovereignty from the time of Alexander the Great. Caesar refused it when offered him by Antonius, and it was not, in consequence, worn by the Roman emperors, except in a few cases. But when the seat of government was removed to Byzantium, Constantine adopted the Greek emblem of royalty (Aurel. Vict. 41).

Before the diadem was worn by the Roman emperors as a symbol of sovereignty, it was used as a head-dress by Roman women (Orig. xix. 31).