inferus
inferus, below, beneath, underneath, lower
īnferus, a, um: (adj.), below, lower; comp., īnferior, ius, lower; less distinguished, inferior, 6.170; superl., īnfimus or īmus, a, um, lowest, deepest, 2.419; inmost, 2.120; below, 4.387; lowest part, bottom of, 3.39; ex īmō, from the foundation, 2.625; īma, ōrum, n., depths.
infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer: ubi super inferque vicinus permittet, Cato R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
- I Posit.
- A In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.: Di Deaeque superi atque inferi, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36 (238); Ter. Phorm. 687; cf. also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse, Cic. Lael. 3, 12: limen superum inferumque salve, Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1 (830): ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64: loca, the lower parts, id. Arat. 474: fulmina, that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare: navigatio infero, upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
- B In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. (gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead: triceps apud inferos Cerberus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10: si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero, were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32: si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus, to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20: inferorum animas elicere, id. Vatin. 6, 14: ad inferos poenas parricidii luere, in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32: ab inferis excitare aliquem, i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
- II Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
- A Lit.: spatium, Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3: locus, id. ib. 2, 25: pars, id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf. superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur, downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241: scriptura, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.—Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
- B Trop.
- 1 Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession: erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc., lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.: aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc., id. Brut. 49, 182; and: inferioris aetatis esse, id. ib. 64, 228: inferiores quinque dies, the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
- 2 Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
- α With abl. specif.: voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores, Cic. Rep. 2, 34: inferior fortunā, id. Fam. 13, 5, 2: dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi, id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6: inferiores animo, Caes. B. G. 3, 24: quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset, Cic. Brut. 8: erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus, Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.: ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes, Cic. Lael. 2.—
- β With in and abl.: in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit, Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
- γ Absol.: inferiores extollere, Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. § 71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus, id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.: indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore, id. Quint. 31: supplices inferioresque, id. Font. 11: ordines, Caes. B. C. 1, 46: crudelis in inferiores, Auct. Her. 4, 40: non inferiora secutus, naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
- III Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
- A Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus; but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used, Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
- 1 Lit.: stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7: ab infimis radicibus montis, id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2: cum scripsissem haec infima, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6: ab infima ara, from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.: sub infimo colle, the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase: ab infimo, from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140 (829): collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo; v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti, id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so, ad infimum, at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3: collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus, at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
- 2 Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank: infima faex populi, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.: condicio servorum, id. Off. 1, 13: infimo loco natus, id. Fl. 11: summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat, id. Off. 2, 12: humilitas natalium, Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37: preces, the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.): quid summe est, quid infime, Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
- B Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
- 1 Lit.: ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20: terra ima sede semper haeret, id. Rep. 6, 18: fundo in imo, at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15: conviva, that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74: ad imam quercum, at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3: in aure ima, at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
- A Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble: aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio, Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9: pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter, Ov. F. 5, 665. —
- B īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, lowest part. Lit.: ab imo ad summum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 308: locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis, Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so, tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta, id. ib. 4, 17: suspirare ab imo, to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675: (aures) instabiles imo facit, at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177: aquae perspicuae imo, down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.: ima summis mutare, to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2: ima, the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.: ima maris, the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64: ima montis, the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
- 2 Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.): mensis, Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end: nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus, Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30: si quid inexpertum scaenae committis ... servetur ad imum, till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126: dormiet in lucem ... ad imum Threx erit, at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.
īnferus, a, um, s. īnfer.
taediosum est plus scribere ‥ de ~is hominibus ‥ de Chirone, Niobe, Daedalo ‥
Sathanas et omne ~orum satellitium gratias ‥ de Tartaro emittebant
jure caelestium et terrestrium ~orumque
hunc ~orum regem [sc. Plutonem ], terrarum viz. presulem ponunt
Homerum ‥ si ab ~is emergeret
[Theseum ] Hercules liberavit et ob id quasi ab ~is receptus dicitur
belua Lernae describitur quam nunc apud ~os esse
coepit narrare quia videret ~os apertos et Satanan demersum in profundis Tartari
virtus Patris et voluntas frangens claustra inferorum
Domine, ‥ qui propter nos ad ~os discendere dignatus es
contra portas ~i
Christus ‥ ad †inforos [(l. inferos ] descendit
Christus ‥ descendit in ~os
īnfĕrus (7) (īnfer Cato Agr. 149, 1 ), a, um, qui est au-dessous, inférieur : dei inferi Cic. Læl. 12, dieux dʼen bas ; omnia infera Cic. Tusc. 1, 64, tout ce qui est au-dessous ; mare Inferum Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1, la mer Inférieure ou Tyrrhénienne ; v. inferi || v. inferior, infimus.
- 1. zich beneden bevindend, onder- [loca; mare de Tyrrheense Zee (vgl. mare superum: de Adriatische Zee)];
- 2. van de onderwereld, onderwereld- [dii]; — subst. īnferī, ōrum en um m onderwereld(bewoners): ad inferos descendere; ab inferis alqm evocare, excitare uit de onderwereld; II. comp. īnferior, ius
- 1. (v. plaats) lager gelegen, lager [ripa; labrum onderlip; Germania]; ➤ in inferius ferri naar beneden, de diepte in; — subst. (a) īnferiōrēs, um m bewoners v.h. lager gelegen deel v.d. stad; (b) īnferiōra, um n het onderste deel [muri];
- 2. (v. tijd) later, jonger;
- 3. (in aantal, rang, kracht, waarde) minder, zwakker, geringer [ordo; ordines lagere rangen; causa; (in: abl.) virtute; dignitate; numero navium]; ➤ acie of proelio inferiorem discedere een slag verliezen; III. superl.
- 1. īnfimus, a, um (a) (v. plaats) onderst, laagst, diepst [terra; auricula oorlelletje]; vaak te vertalen met het onderste, laagste deel van [mons de voet v.e. berg; aequora de diepten v.d. zee; forum het laagstgelegen eind v.h. forum]; ➤ in infimo mari op de bodem v.d. zee; — subst. īnfimum, ī n het onderste deel; (b) (metaf.) minst, laagst, slechtst; ➤ cives infimo loco nati van zeer lage afkomst; — subst. ī m de minste, de geringste, (ihb. plur.): nemo infimus niemand, zelfs niet de geringste;
- 2. īmus, a, um zie daar.
inferus , a, um. adj. c. ferior. s. fimus.
下面者。Omnia supera et infera 天地間之諸物。
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下面者。Omnia supera et infera 天地間之諸物。
Suggest a Translation
See an image
īnferus adj.with comp.(see īnferior) and sup.(see īnfimus and īmus)
- cf. infra, below, beneath, underneath, lower: ut omnia supera, infera, videremus: mare, the Tuscan Sea.—As substn.: navigatio infero, upon the Tuscan Sea(opp. superum, the Adriatic).—Underground, of the lower world: di, T.: ad inferos (deos) pervenisse.—Plurm. as subst, the dead, shades, inhabitants of the lower world: apud inferos: ab inferis exsistere, to rise from the dead, L.: ab inferis excitandus, to be raised from the dead: ad inferos poenas luere, in the infernal regions: nec ab inferis mortuos excitabit, i. e. speak in the persons of the dead.
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…nullos ab novissimis deserto ; loco ; proelio excedere ac tela vitare, hostes neque a fronte ex inferiore loco subeuntes intermittere et ab utroque latere instare et rem esse in angusto vidit, neque ullum esse subsidium quod…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…supra nominavimus, vergebat. Ab eo flumine pari acclivitate collis nascebatur adversus huic et contrarius, passus circiter CC infimus apertus, ab superiore parte silvestris, ut non facile introrsus perspici posset. Intra eas silvas hostes in occulto…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…statuit ; cotidie tamen equestribus proeliis quid hostis virtute posset et quid nostri auderent periclitabatur. Ubi nostros non esse inferiores intellexit, loco pro castris ad aciem instruendam natura opportuno atque idoneo, quod is collis ubi castra posita erant…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, vergit ad septentriones. Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur, pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et orientem solem. Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et eam…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…sis, et memineris te virum esse Consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent Auxilium petas ab omnibus, etiam ab infumis Ad hoc mandata verbis dat Cum ab senatu hostis iudicatus sit, quo consilio servitia repudiet In urbe parata esse…
Sallust, Catilina
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…pendebat origine bellum. Nunc mihi, qua totum Nereus circumsonat orbem, perdendum est mortale genus per flumina iuro infera, sub terras Stygio labentia luco cuncta prius temptata sed inmedicabile corpus ense recidendum est, ne pars sincera trahatur…
Ovid, Metamorphoses
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…quascumque tulit formosi temporis aetas ; Cynthia non illas nomen habere sinat nedum, si levibus fuerit collata figuris, inferior duro iudice turpis eat. haec sed forma mei pars est extrema furoris ; sunt maiora, quibus, Basse…
Propertius, Elegies
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…insignis obibat et hasta postquam illum vita victor spoliavit Achilles, Dardanio Aeneae sese fortissimus heros addiderat socium, non inferiora secutus. Sed tum, forte cava dum personat aequora concha, demens, et cantu vocat in certamina divos…
Vergil, Aeneid
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…opes habebant, ad unum aliquem confugiebant virtute praestantem ; qui cum prohiberet iniuria tenuiores, aequitate constituenda summos cum infimis pari iure retinebat. Eademque constituendarum legum fuit causa, quae regum. Ius enim semper est quaesitum aequabile ;…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Officiis
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…, disparem fortunam provincialium negotiorum in Murena atque in Sulpicio fuisse, dicam iam apertius in quo meus necessarius fuerit inferior, Servius, et ea dicam vobis audientibus amisso iam tempore quae ipsi soli re integra saepe dixi. petere…
Cicero, pro Murena