stimulus

stĭmŭlus, i, m. [for stig-mulus, from the root stig; Gr. στίζω; v. stilus].

• A goad for driving cattle, slaves, etc. (class., esp. in the trop. sense).
• • A Lit.: jam lora teneo, jam stimulum in manu: Agite equi, etc., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 112 (864): parce, puer, stimulis, et fortius utere loris, Ov. M. 2, 127: aut stimulo tardos increpuisse boves, Tib. 1, 1, 30 (12); cf. Ov. M. 14, 647: ita te forabunt patibulatum per vias Stimulis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 54 (56): aliquem stimulo fodere, id. Curc. 1, 2, 40 (135): dum te stimulis fodiam, Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86: numquam stimulo lacessat juvencum, Col. 2, 2, 26.—As a term of abuse of slaves: stimulorum seges, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6 (45); cf. id. Cas. 2, 8, 11 (447): stimulorum tritor, id. Pers. 5, 2, 17 (793).—Prov.: si stimulos pugnis caedis, manibus plus dolet, i.e. an evil is aggravated by foolish opposition, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55 (765); cf.: advorsum stimulum calces, kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 78.—
  • B Trop., a goad (as in Engl., either that which vexes, irritates, torments, or, more freq., that which spurs on, incites, stimulates).
  • • 1 A sting, torment, pang: mens sibi conscia factis ... adhibet stimulos torretque flagellis, Lucr. 3, 1019; cf.: subesse caecum aliquem cordi stimulum, id. 3, 874: ne illa stimulum longum habet, quae usque illinc cor pungit meum, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 79 (853): stimulos doloris contemnere, Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 66; cf.: (res malae) lacerant, vexant, stimulos admovent, etc., id. ib. 3, 16, 35: stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit, Ov. M. 1, 726.—
    • 2 A spur, incentive, incitement, stimulus: animum gloriae stimulis concitare, Cic. Arch. 11, 29: quidam industriae ac laboris (with illecebrae libidinum), id. Cael. 5, 12: quot stimulos admoverit homini victoriae studioso, id. Sest. 5, 12; cf.: defendendi Vatinii, id. Fam. 1, 9, 19: omnia pro stimulis facibusque ciboque furoris Accipit, Ov. M. 6, 480: ardet, et injusti stimulis agitatur amoris, id. F. 2, 779: non hostili modo odio sed amoris etiam stimulis, Liv. 30, 14, 1: ad hanc voluntatem ipsius naturae stimulis incitamur, Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: ad dicendum etiam pudor stimulos habet, Quint. 10, 7, 16: agrariae legis tribuniciis stimulis plebs furebat, Liv. 2, 54; cf.: acriores quippe aeris alieni stimulos esse, id. 6, 11: subdere stimulos animo, id. 6, 34: in aliquem stimulis accendi, Tac. H. 3, 45; cf.: suis stimulis excitos Moesiae duces, id. ib. 3, 53: secundae res acrioribus stimulis animos explorant, id. ib. 1, 15: acres Subjectat lasso stimulos, Hor. S. 2, 7, 94: stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo, Verg. A. 6, 101: movere acres stimulos irarum, Luc. 2, 324: accensae stimulis majoribus irae, Stat. Th. 11, 497: dare stimulos laudum, id. Achill. 1, 203.—
• II In milit. lang., a pointed stake concealed beneath the surface of the ground, to repel hostile troops (syn.: sudes, stipes), Caes. B. G. 7, 73 fin.: se stimulis induere, id. ib. 7, 82.

stimulus, ī, m. (vgl. īn-stīgo, στίζω), der Stachel, I) als milit. t.t., stimuli, kleine Stäbe, oben mit einem eisernen Haken versehen, eine Art Fußangeln, Caes. b.G. 7, 73, 9 (vgl. stilus no. I). – II) der Stachel zum Antreiben der Tiere, bes. der Pflugochsen, u. der Sklaven, der Treibstecken, Treibstachel, A) eig., Plaut. u. Plin.: dah. verächtlich, dum te stimulis fodiam, Cic.: parce stimulis, unser »schone die Peitsche«, Ov. – Sprichw., s. caedono. I u. calcitro u. 1. calx no. I. – B) bildl., der Stachel, a) der beunruhigende, quälende, der Stachel der Unruhe, die Qual, doloris, Cic.: amoris stimuli, v. der Eifersucht, Liv. – b) der anregende, der Sporn, der Antrieb, animum stimulis gloriae concitare, Cic.: alci stimulos admovere, Cic., adicere, Ov.: ingenio stimulos subdere, Ov.: addit ad dicendum etiam pudor stimulos, auch das Ehrgefühl spornt uns zum Auftreten als Redner an, Quint.: tam praecipiti materna furori Pyrrhus origo dabat stimulos, schon früh wurde solche Verruchtheit durch den Gedanken genährt, daß seiner Erzeugerin Ahnhėrr Pyrrhus gewesen, Sil.

stimulus [CL] 1 pointed object used for driving or controlling animal, goad; b (fig. or in fig. context). c (transf.) that which acts as a spur or incitement (to action or feeling), stimulus; d (w. specifying gen.); e (w. ref. to II Cor. xii 7). attentiori prece monachorum, ut jumentum ~is, impulsa Gosc. Transl. Mild. 15; si quis in servum transeat ‥ in signum ‥ transicionis hujus billum vel stumblum vel deinceps ad hunc modum servitutis arma suscipiat (Leg. Hen. 78. 2c) GAS 594; tanta ‥ debet esse [via] ut inibi duo carri sibi possint ad invicem obviare et bubulci de longo stumbli sui possint assimulare (Ib. 80. 3) Ib. 596; videas hunc aratro manus aptare, illum quasi ~o boves excitare Gir. IK I 2 p. 32; boum custodes cum ~is Found. Waltham 9; equos ascenderunt, et eorum velocitate boves secuti, eos ~is ad tecta revocarunt Alb. Lond. DG 4. 7; c1258 expense caruc' ‥ in j estubula [sic] ad idem empta, qua[dras] FormMan Shorwell.  b 1093 durum nimis est contra Dei ~um calcitrare [cf. Act. xxvi 14] Anselm (Ep. 148) IV 5; sequar tamen manum trahentis et ~um perurgentis J. Ford Serm. 14. 1; archiepiscopus et sui ~i solito ferociores effecti Cantuarienses monachos ‥ vix aliqua responsione, vel modica, dignos judicabant Gerv. Cant. Chr. 390.  c Melantia ‥ quam lascivae obscenitatis ludibria carnisque incentiva inlecebrosis ~is [gl.: aculeis, pricelsum] agitabant Aldh. VirgP 44; ~os: incitamenta. sapientia enim ad divina investiganda propellit et animos archanis retrahit Bern. Comm. Aen. 51; ~us iste ad preces sponsam instigat. G. Hoyland Serm. 203B (v. stimulator 2b); habet ‥ iniquum odium ~os suos, et sicut est bona compunctio ex amore et devotione, sic est et mala ex odio et iniquitate Bald. Cant. Sacr. Alt. 674C; video proinde gravissimos mihi ‥ imminere cruciatus si non dilexero te, sed licet ~o isto multum urgear ‥ J. Ford Serm. 86. 2.  d operae pretium arbitror ut ‥ sinzigiae replicationes ‥ ~o [v. l. stimolo] festinationis compulsi praeterire studeamus Aldh. PR 141 (142); ita divinae dilectionis ~o [gl.: wrem, monitione, ~us tedium aculeus molestia aporia vulnus plaga conpunctio] compungitur ‥ ut ‥ Id. VirgP 14 p. 243; 1166 impulit ergo me ~us caritatis ‥ per litteras sciscitari an ‥ J. Sal. Ep. 199 (185); ut nequaquam acribus irarum ~is concitentur [scorpiones ceteraque reptilia], nisi quapiam irascendi materia ad irascendum ea provocaverit Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 157; illos ‥ quos protegente angelo concupiscentie ~us ad consensum non illexit J. Ford Serm. 3. 3.  e ne cui [sc. Paulo] ‥ extolleretur datus est ~us carnis suae Bede Mark 148B; se ~is carnis aculeatum [in] immensum excanduisse W. Malm. Wulfst. I 1; ~um carnis sue ‥ ille vir ‥ coram omni ecclesia ‥ non erubuit confiteri J. Ford Serm. 39. 3; ~us carnis Paulo non erat peccatum secundum quod dolor lateris appellatur S. Langton Quaest. 151; a1441 aculeosus ille ~us (v. stimulosus). 2 (more generally) pointed object or implement: a (writing stylus); b (arrow or arrowhead); c (pin or stick for fastening sack, cf. prica); d (tooth of harrow). a nunc ferri stimulus faciem proscindit amoenam Aldh. Aen. 32 (Pugillares) 4.  b nam me flamma ferox stimulis devastat acervis / ut pacis ‥ foedera frangam Tatwine Aen. 34 (Pharetra) 2.  c 1305 per servicium inveniendi unum equum ‥ cum uno sacco et uno ~o in guerra nostra Wallie per xl dies Cl 122 m. 16.  d 1345 ij hercias clausas cum stimul' ferr' (Langenhoe) MinAc Essex D/DEI M22 sched.. 3 sting: a (of insect); b (of serpent, in quot. fig.); c (of scorpion); d (of nettle); e (fig., of disease); f (of death). a corpore sum gracilis, stimulis armatus acervis Aldh. Aen. 36 (Scinifes) 1.  b hic peccati ~um, quem primo homini serpens inflixerat, manibus suis extraxit J. Ford Serm. 83. 2.  c ipsi scorpionis nature nequissimi ‥ eos ‥ venenato stumulo pungentes, occidunt Plusc. VII 7.  d stimulisque ulciscor acutis Aldh. Aen. 46 (Urtica) 5.  e qui contulit naturam contulit et nature passionem. ad reprimendos namque ferocissimos animi ipsius motus, hic leo noster [sc. Ricardus comes Pictaviensis], et plusquam leo, quartane ~o leonino more vexatur Gir. TH III 50.  f verumtamen etsi abierit mors sed non umbra mortis, sed non ~us mortis J. Ford Serm. 22. 7; renovans sicut aquila juventutem suam, donec plenitudo resurrectionis quidquid in ipsa est de aculeo peccati expungat, quidquid est de ~o mortis evacuet Ib. 99. 10.

stĭmŭlus, (10) ī, m. (rac. stig, cf. στίζω), ¶ 1 aiguillon [pour exciter les bêtes] : Tib. 1, 1, 30 ; Ov. M. 14, 647 ; aliquem fodere stimulo Pl. Curc. 130, ou stimulis Cic. Phil. 2, 86, piquer qqn de lʼaiguillon = donner le fouet à qqn ¶ 2 [fig.] a) = tourment, piqûre : Lucr. 3, 1019 ; stimulos doloris contemnere Cic. Tusc. 2, 66, mépriser lʼaiguillon, les atteintes de la douleur, cf. Cic. Tusc. 3, 35 ; b) = stimulant, excitation, encouragement : animum gloriæ stimulis concitare Cic. Arch. 29, exciter lʼâme avec lʼaiguillon de la gloire, cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 3 ; stimulos admovere alicui Cic. Sest. 12, stimuler qqn ; defendendi Vatinii fuit etiam ille stimulus... Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19, pour me faire prendre la défense de Vatinius il y avait encore cet aiguillon... ¶ 3 sorte de chausse-trape : Cæs. G. 7, 73, 9 ; 7, 82, 1.

stimulus , i. m.
尖子。策。埋釘。心悲傷。囮。血氣。

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stimulus ī, m

• STIG-, a prick, goad: Parce stimulis, O.: dum te stimulis fodiamus.—Prov.: Advorsum stimulum calces, kick against the pricks, T.—In war, stakes bearing iron hooks buried in the ground(to impede the enemy), Cs.—Fig., a spur, incentive, incitement, stimulus: animum gloriae stimulis concitare: Omnia pro stimulis facibusque ciboque furoris Accipit, O.: non hostili modo odio sed amoris etiam stimulis, L.; cf. acriores quippe aeris alieni stimulos esse, L.: acrīs Subiectat lasso stimulos, H.—A sting, torment, pain: stimulos doloris contemnere: stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit, O.

Stimŭlus

(κέντρον). A goad or prick used in driving cattle, etc. It consisted of a stick with a sharp iron point in one end (Columell. ii. 2, 26).