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προτερέω

προτερέω, to be before, be in advance

προτερ-έω (irreg. augm. προετέρουν, προετέρησα, PSI 4.422.34 (iii B.C.), D.S. 11.73, 15.53, al.),
  • to be before, be in advance, Hdt. 9.57; π. τῆς ὁδοῦ to be forward on the way, ib. 66.
      • 2 of Time, to be beforehand with, get the start of, precede, opp. ὑστερέω, π. τῇ γενέσει τί τινος Arist. GA 741b35, cf. 775a26; ἡ ὄψις π. τῆς ἀκοῆς Id. Mete. 369b9; π. ἀστραπὴ βροντῆς Epicur. Ep. 2 p.46 U.; of abnormally precocious animals, Arist. HA 544b21; π. τοῖς χρόνοις to be earlier in date, D.S. 3.52, etc.; of plants, to be early, opp. ὑστερέω, Thphr. CP 3.24.2; π. εἰς τὴν φθοράν perish first, ib. 4.2.1; of constellations, π. ἐν ταῖς ἀνατολαῖς τῶν κατʼ αὐτὰ δωδεκατημορίων Hipparch. 2.4.4.
      • 3 to be beforehand, take the lead, Th. 1.33; οὐδὲν προτερήσετε you will gain no advantage, Philipp. ap. D. 18.39; ὁ πατήρ μου προετέρει παρὰ πάντας τοὺς ἐκεῖ outstripped them all (as a farmer), PSI l.c.; of soldiers, to be superior, have the advantage, Plb. 11.14.4, al.; κατὰ τὴν συμπλοκήν Id. 3.110.6; ταῖς εὐκινησίαις ἐν τοῖς διωγμοῖς D.S. 3.49; π. τῆς γνώμης carry oneʼs motion, Id. 15.53: c. gen., have the advantage over, τὰ κακὰ τῶν ἀνὰ μέσον π. Chrysipp.Stoic. 3.188; πλοῦτον -οῦντα πενίας Phld. Rh. 1.236 S.; οὐδὲ τὸ παρὰ φύσιν π. τῆς φύσεως Sallust. 17 (cj. for πρότερον ἔχει):—Pass., to be defeated, ἐπροτερήθης διὰ τοῦ δικαστηρίου IG 5(2).443.35 (Megalopolis).
    • II c. acc., go beyond, surpass, στοργᾷ φύσιν ἐπροτέρησεν IPE 2.299.9 (Panticapaeum).

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