ῥήγνυμι

ῥήγνῡμι or ῥηγνύω (ἀναρ- Hp. Flat. 10: impf. κατ-ερρήγνυε D. 21.63, etc.); later ῥήσσω, Gal. 10.640, Orib. Fr. 93, Gloss.; ῥήσσεσθαι PHolm. 6.3, cf. 4.22; ἀπο-, δια-ρρήσσεσθαι, Hp. Int. 17, 42; ῥήττω, Str. 11.14.8, Dsc. 4.150 (v.l. ῥήσσει), (περι-) Id. 2.98, 3.18 (v.l. περιρρήσσει) ; ῥήττεσθαι Bito 45.8, Str. 7.3.18: Ep. impf. ῥήγνυσκε Il. 7.141: fut. ῥήξω 12.262, Hdt. 2.2, (ἐκ-) S. Aj. 775: aor. ἔρρηξα Il. 3.348, Pi. N. 8.29, Ar. Nu. 960; ῥῆξα Il. 6.6: pf. ἔρρηχα (δι-) LXX 2 Ki. 14.30, 15.32:—Med. ῥήγνῠμαι, fut. ῥήξομαι, aor. ἐρρηξάμην, all in Il. (12.257, 224, 291), pres. also in Hp. VC 4, 12: aor. ἐρρηξάμην E. Heracl. 835, (κατ-) X. Cyr. 3.1.13; Ep. 3pl. ῥήξαντο Il. 11.90:—Pass., subj. ῥήγνῡται Hippon. 19.4: Ep. 3sg. impf. ῥηγνύατο Arat. 817: fut. ῥᾰγήσομαι Plu. QConv. 2.668a, (διαρ-, ἐκ-) Ar. Eq. 340, A. Pr. 369, etc.: aor. ἐρράγην [ᾰ] S. Fr. 578, Ar. Nu. 583, etc.; later ἐρρήχθην, Tryph. 11; δια-ρρηχθῇ (v.l. -ρραγῇ) Hp. Int. 29: pf. ἔρρηγμαι (συν-) Od. 8.137; but intr. pf. ἔρρωγα is more freq., v. infr. C.1; pf. part. fem. ἐρρηγεῖα, v. infr. C.2; masc. pl. κατ-ερρηγότας Hsch. The word is hardly used by correct Att. Prose-writers, exc. in Pass.:—

• break asunder, rend, shatter, τεῖχος Il. 12.198; πύλας 13.124; σάκος 21.165; θώρηκας 2.544; ἱμάντα 3.375; νευρήν 8.328; ὀστέον 20.399; χρόα 23.673; only once in Od., προτόνους ἔρρηξʼ ἀνέμοιο θύελλα 12.409:—later, esp. rend garments, in sign of grief, ῥ. πέπλους A. Pers. 199, 468; ῥ. ἕλκεα make grievous wounds, Pi. N. 8.29; ῥ. ὀστᾶ, σάρκας, E. HF 994, Ba. 1130; ἀρότροις γῆς δάπεδον Ar. Pl. 515: in Ion. and later Prose, ῥήγνυσι . . τὸν ἀμφὶ τὴν ὄψιν χιτῶνα Hp. VM 19; ῥήττειν νευράν Str. 15.1.57; τὰ δεσμά Luc. DDeor. 21[17].1; τὰς πύλας Id. Par. 46; μὴ στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Ev.Matt. 7.6:—Med., break for oneself, get broken, ὄρνυσθʼ . . ῥήγνυσθε δὲ τεῖχος Il. 12.440, cf. 224, 257, 291:—Pass., v. infr. B.
• • • 2 break a line of battle or body of men, ῥ. φάλαγγα, ὅμιλον, στίχας ἀνδρῶν, Il. 6.6, 11.538, 15.615; τὸ μέσον ῥῆξαι break through the centre, Hdt. 6.113: abs., ἐρρηξάτην ἐς κύκλα . . ὅπλων broke through, S. Fr. 210.9:— Med., ῥήξασθαι φάλαγγας, στίχας, break oneself a way through the lines, Il. 11.90, 13.680, cf. E. Heracl. 835; ῥηξαμένῳ θέσθαι παρὰ νηυσὶ κέλευθον Il. 12.411.
    • 3 let break loose, ἔριδα ῥ. 20.55 (Med.).
    • 4 after Hom., ῥῆξαι φωνήν let loose the voice, of children and persons who have been dumb or silent, break into speech, speak out, Hdt. 1.85, 2.2, 5.93, cf. Ar. Nu. 357, 960; ῥῆξαι αὐδήν E. Supp. 710; later ῥήξασθαι φωνήν, θρόον αὐδῆς, φθόγγον, utter, AP 5.221 (Agath.), 7.597 (Jul.), 9.61: abs., ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον cry aloud, LXX Is. 54.1; v. infr. c.
    • 5 also δακρύων ῥήξασα . . νάματα having let loose, having burst into floods of tears, S. Tr. 919; κλαυθμὸν ῥ. Plu. Per. 36; ῥ. τὰ ὄρη εὐφροσύνην LXX Is. 49.13; ῥήγνυσι πηγὰς ὁ χῶρος Plu. Mar. 19; ῥ. νεφέλην ἔς τινας Philostr. Im. 2.27; v. infr. B.
• B Pass., break, break asunder, burst, κῦμα ῥήγνυτο Il. 18.67; κῦμα . . χέρσῳ ῥηγνύμενον 4.425, Hes. Sc. 377; of clouds, Ar. Nu. 378; ῥαγῆναί τι τῆς γῆς, as in an earthquake, Pl. R. 359d; ῥαγεῖσα Θηβαίων κόνις S. Fr. 958; ἱμάτια ῥαγέντα X. Cyr. 1.6.16; ὀστέον ῥήγνυται τιτρωσκόμενον Hp. VC 4; ῥήττονται ὑδρίαι (by the cold) Str. 7.3.18; τοῖς βασκάνοις εἶναι ῥήγνυσθαι may the envious burst, Aristid. Or. 50 (26). 69; τοῖς εἴ τις εὐδοκιμήσειεν ἐπί τῳ ῥηγνυμένοις Lib. Or. 29.13, cf. Or. 1.207.
• • • 2 burst forth, like lightning, βροντὴ δʼ ἐρράγη διʼ ἀστραπῆς S. Fr. 578, Ar. Nu. 583, cf. Plu. Aet. phys. 2.919b; so καταμηνίων ῥαγέντων Hp. Aph. 5.32, cf. Nat.Mul. 13, Arist. HA 582b10, etc.
    • 3 of ships, to be wrecked, D. 56.21: metaph., πολλῶν ῥαγεισῶν ἐλπίδων A. Ag. 505.
    • 4 of a stone, γράμματι ῥηγνύμενον scored with lettering, i.e. inscribed, Puchstein Epigr.Gr. p.76 (Memphis, i B.C.).
• C intr., like Pass., break or burst forth, ἔρρηξεν ἔμετος Hp. Epid. 4.24; τὸ πνεῦμα ῥήγνυσι Id. Nat.Puer. 12; εἰ ἐθελήσει ῥήξας ὑπερβῆναι ὁ ποταμός Hdt. 2.99: metaph., ὁποῖα χρῄζει ῥηγνύτω S. OT 1076 (in answer to the words δέδοιχʼ ὅπως μὴ . . ἀναρρήξει κακά): freq. in this signf. in pf. ἔρρωγα, to have broken out, ἔρρωγε παγὰ δακρύων Id. Tr. 852 (lyr.): metaph., κακῶν πέλαγος ἔρρωγεν A. Pers. 433; τάδʼ ἐκ δυοῖν ἔρρωγεν . . κακά S. OT 1280; σοὶ τάδʼ ἔρρωγεν κακά E. Hipp. 1338; ἐρρωγότες λόγοι broken, disjointed, Com.Adesp. 661.
• • • 2 in lit. sense, γῆ ἐρρηγεῖα ( -υῖα) broken, arable, opp. ἄρρηκτος, Tab.Heracl. 1.18, al. (ϝρηγ- (cf. Aeol. aor. Pass. εὐράγη Hdn.Gr. 2.640, ϝρῆξις, αὔρηκτος), cogn. with Lith. rēžti ‘cut, notch, furrow’, rúožas ‘stripe, streak, strip’.)

ῥήγνυμι, [ῡ], und ῥηγνύω, fut. ῥήξω, aor. ἔρρηξα, perf. I. ἔρρηχα, nur LXX, aber ἔρρωγα in intr. Bdtg (s. unten), aor. pass. ἐρράγην, ep. impf. ῥήγνυσκε, Il. 7.141 (vgl. auch ῥήσσω, ῥάσσω),
reißen, sprengen, durchschlagen, durchreißen, von allem gewaltsamen Oeffnen u. Losmachen od. Verletzen, z.B. τεῖχος, πύλας, θύρας, χαλκόν, σάκος, θώρηκας, ἱμάντα, νευρήν, τένοντε, ὀστέον, χρόα u. dgl.; Il. oft, in der Od. nur einmal, 12.409 ; ῥήξας πέπλους, Aesch. Pers. 460, wie 195 u. Eur. Hec. 559 ; σίδηρον θραυσθέντα καὶ ῥαγέντα πλεῖστʼ ἂν εἰσίδοις, Soph. Ant. 472 ; ἔρρηξεν ὀστᾶ, Eur. Herc.F. 994, u. öfter ; γῆς δάπεδον ἀρότροις, Ar. Plut. 515 ; bes. auch eine Schlachtreihe durchbrechen, auseinandersprengen, φάλαγγα, ὅμιλον, στίχας ἀνδρῶν, Il. 6.6, 11.538, 15.615 ; auch im med., ῥήξασθαι φάλαγγας, sich die feindlichen Schlachtreihen brechen, um durchzudringen, 11.90, 13.680, 15.409 ; τὸ μέσον ῥῆξαι, die Mitte, das Zentrum durchbrechen, Her. 8.113 ; δεσμά, Luc. D.D. 17.1 ; τὰς πύλας, Paras. 46 ; – durch Reißen losmachen, entfesseln, ἔριδα, d.i. Streit erheben, erregen, Il. 20.55 ; bes. φωνήν, die Stimme gleichsam losreißen, die gefesselte Stimme plötzlich lösen und zuerst zu reden anfangen, von Stummen u. Kindern, Her. 1.85, 2.2 ; übh. frei herausreden, 5.93 ; ῥῆξαι und ῥήξασθαι αὐδήν, φωνήν, Eur. Suppl. 710 Ar. Nub. 356, 947 ; οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμησε ῥῆξαι φωνήν, Dem. 9.61 ; Agath. 10 (V.222); θροον, φθόγγον, in der Anth. oft ; eben so ῥῆξαι βροντήν, Ar. Nub. 579 ; äbnlich δακρύων ῥήξασα θερμὰ νάματα, Soph. Tr. 915, in Tränen ausbrechen, den Tränenquell hervorbrechen lassen ; auch χῶρος ῥήγνυσι πηγάς, die Gegend läßt Quellen durch-, hervorbrechen, Plut. Mar. 19.
Pass. gebrochen werden, sich brechen, ῥήγνυτο κῦμα, Il. 18.67, vgl. 4.425 ; brechen, Hes. Sc. 377 ; πολλῶν ῥαγεισῶν ἐλπίδων, Aesch. Ag. 491 ; βροντὴ ἐρράγη διʼ ἀστραπῆς, Soph. frg. 507, wiederholt von Ar. Nub. 583 ; ἐρρήγνυτο τὸ τεῖχος, barst, Xen. Hell. 5.2.5 ; ῥαγῆναί τι τῆς γῆς, Plat. Rep. II.359d ; ῥαγῆναι τὴν ναῦν, Dem. 56.21 ; auch ῥηγνύμενος ὑπὸ πλησμονῆς, Plut. Symp. 3.6.4. – So wird aber auch das act., bes. das perf. ἔρρωγα in intr. Bdtg gebraucht, bersten, reißen, springen, ἔρρωγεν παγὰ δακρύων, Soph. Tr. 849 ; vgl. Valcken zu Eur. Hipp. 1338 – Dah. aus-, los-, hereinbrechen ; so vom Unglück, κακῶν δὴ πέλαγος ἔρρωγεν μέγα Πέρσαις, Aesch. Pers. 425, brach über die Perser herein ; τάδʼ ἐκ δυοῖν ἔρρωγεν κακά, Soph. O.R. 1280, vgl. 1076, wie Eur. μάλιστα νῦν σοί που τάδʼ ἔρρωγεν κακά, Hipp. 1338.

ῥήγνυμι

(ϝρήγνυμι).

3 pl. ῥηγνῦσι Il. 17.751.

3 sing. pa. iterative ῥήγνυσκε Il. 7.141.

Fut. ῥήξω Il. 23.673.

Infin. ῥήξειν Il. 2.544, Il. 12.198, 262.

3 sing. aor. ἔρρηξε Il. 3.348, Il. 7.259, Il. 13.124, Il. 17.44 : Od. 12.409. ῥῆξε Il. 3.375, Il. 5.307, Il. 6.6, Il. 8.328, Il. 15.464, Il. 16.310, Il. 20.399, etc.

Pple. ῥήξας Il. 9.476, Il. 13.139.

Nom. pl. masc. ῥήξαντες Il. 12.341.

Infin. ῥῆξαι Il. 11.538, Il. 15.615, 617.

Mid. 3 pl. aor. ἐρρήξαντο Il. 12.291. ῥήξαντο Il. 11.90.

1 pl. subj. ῥηξόμεθα Il. 12.224.

Pple. ῥηξάμενος, -ου Il. 12.90, 411, 418, Il. 13.680, Il. 15.409.

Infin. ῥήξασθαι Il. 12.308.

(ἀναρρήγνυμι, ἀπορρήγνυμι, ἐκ-, συρρήγνυμι, ὑπορρήγνυμι).

• • 1

    To smash, crush : ὀστέον Il. 12.185, Il. 16.310, Il. 20.399.

    To rend, tear : χρόα Il. 23.673.

  • 2

    In pass., of the sea, to break, become surf : περί σφισι κῦμα ῥήγνυτο Il. 18.67. Cf. Il. 4.425.

  • 3

    To rend, rive, penetrate, perforate : θώρηκας Il. 2.544. Cf. Il. 3.348=Il. 7.259=Il. 17.44, Il. 13.439, 507=Il. 17.314, Il. 20.268=Il. 21.165.

  • 4

    To break asunder or in two, sever, cause to part, snap or give way : ἱμάντα Il. 3.375, ἔχματα πέτρης Il. 13.139. Cf. Il. 5.307, Il. 8.328, Il. 12.459, Il. 15.464, Il. 16.587 : ἱτοῦ προτόνους Od. 12.409.

    With ἀπό, to break off, cause to part from a fastening : ῥῆξεν ἀπὸ λόφον Il. 15.537.

  • 5

    To break (opposed ranks) : φάλαγγα Il. 6.6. Cf. Il. 7.141, Il. 11.538, Il. 15.615, 617.

    In mid. : ῥηξάμενος Δαναῶν στίχας Il. 13.680. Cf. Il. 11.90, Il. 13.718, Il. 15.409.

  • 6

    To lay open by breaking, break or make a way through (a barrier) : θαλάμοιο θύρας Il. 9.476. Cf. Il. 12.198, 262, 341, Il. 13.124, Il. 17.751.

    In mid. : τεῖχος ῥηξάμενοι Il. 12.90. Cf. Il. 12.224, 257, 291, 308, 418, 440.

    Absol., to break a way through a barrier.

    In mid. : ἀργαλέον μοί ἐστι μούνῳ ῥηξαμένῳ θέσθαι κέλευθον Il. 12.411.

  • 7

    To cause (strife) to break out.

    In mid. : ἐν αὐτοῖς ἔριδα ῥήγνυντο Il. 20.55.

ῥήγνυμι

• 1tear ἦ μὰν ἀνόμοιά γε δᾴοισιν ἐν θερμῷ χροὶ ἕλκεᾶ ῥῆξαν (sc. Αἴας καὶ Ὀδυσσεύς) N. 8.29 [ῥήξεται (coni. Bergk.: ῥάξεται Wil.: ἄρξεται codd.) O. 8.45]

ῥήγνυμι (ϝρ., cf. frango), 3 pl. ῥηγνῦσι, ipf. iter. ῥήγνυσκε, fut. ῥήξω, aor. ἔρρηξα, ῥῆξε, mid. pres. imp. ῥήγνυσθε, aor. (ἐρ)ρήξαντο: break, burst, rend in twain, different from ἄγνῡμι. Freq. of breaking the ranks of the enemy in battle, φάλαγγας, ὅμῑλον, στίχας, Il. 6.6, Il. 11.538, Il. 15.615.—Mid., break for oneself, Il. 11.90, Il. 12.90; break intrans., as waves, and fig., ‘let break out,’ ‘let loose,’ ἔριδα, Il. 20.55.

ῥήγνυμι

• • Ito break, break asunder or in pieces, rend, shiver, shatter, Hom., etc.:—to rend garments, in sign of grief, Aesch.:—Mid. to break for oneself, get broken, Il.
  • • 2to break a line of battle or body of men, Il., Hdt.; in Mid., ῥήξασθαι φάλαγγας, στίχας to break oneself a way through the lines, Il.; absol., ῥήξασθαι to break or force oneʼs way, Il.
    • 3to let break loose, let loose, Il.
    • 4ῥῆξαι φωνήν to let loose the voice, of children and persons who have been dumb breaking into speech, Hdt.: then to speak freely, speak out (like rumpere vocem, Virgil), Hdt., Ar., etc.
    • 5δακρύων ῥήξασα νάματα having let loose floods of tears, Soph.; so, ῥ. κλαυθμόν Plut.
  • IIabsol. in the form ῥήσσω, to beat the ground, dance, Il.
  • IIIlater, as a term of fighters, to fell, knock down, Dem.
• BPass., mostly used in aor2 ἐρράγην α, to break, burst, of waves, Il.; of clouds, Ar.
• • • 2to break asunder, be rent, of the earth in an earthquake, Plat.; of garments, Xen.
    • 3to burst forth, like lightning, Ar.
    • 4of ships, to be wrecked, Dem.: metaph. of hopes, Aesch.
• Cintr., like Pass., to break forth, of a river, to break its bounds, Hdt.:—metaph. of sudden misfortunes, bursts of passion, Soph.
• • IIin this intr. sense the perf. ἔρρωγα is commonly used of tears, Soph.; metaph., κακῶν πέλαγος ἔρρωγεν Aesch., etc.