fastigium

fastīgĭum, ii, n. [cf. Sanscr. bhrshtīs, corner, rim; Gr. ἄ-φλαστον, aplustria, the ornamented stern of a ship; O. H. Germ. brort, the prow], the top of a gable, a gable end, pediment (syn.: cacumen, culmen, vertex, apex).

• I Prop.: Capitolii fastigium illud et ceterarum aedium non venustas, sed necessitas ipsa fabricata est ... utilitatem templi fastigii dignitas consecuta est, Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 180; cf.: fastigia aliquot templorum a culminibus abrupta, Liv. 40, 2, 3: evado ad summi fastigia culminis, Verg. A. 2, 458; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 14.—Hence, meton., the roof of a house, Verg. A. 8, 491; 9, 568; Val. Fl. 2, 235: habere pulvinar, simulacrum, fastigium, flaminem, id. Phil. 2, 43, 110; cf. of the same: omnes unum in principem congesti honores: circa templa imagines ... suggestus in curia, fastigium in domo, mensis in caelo, Flor. 4, 2 fin.: Romae signa eorum sunt in Palatina aede Apollinis in fastigio, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 13; cf. id. 35, 12, 43, § 152; Vitr. 3, 2.—Transf.: operi tamquam fastigium imponere, Cic. Off. 3, 7, 33.—
• • B Transf.
  • • 1 The extreme part, extremity of a thing, whether above or below.
    • • a Top, height, summit: colles ... pari altitudinis fastigio oppidum cingebant, Caes. B. G. 7, 69, 4: opus nondum aquae fastigium aequabat, Curt. 4, 2, 19: summi operis, id. 4, 2, 8: jamque agger aequaverat summae fastigia terrae, id. 8, 10, 31: aquatilium ova rotunda, reliqua fere fastigio acuminata, Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145: gracilitas (arundinis) nodis distincta leni fastigio tenuatur in cacumina, id. 16, 36, 64, § 158; cf.: cornua in leve fastigium exacuta, id. 11, 37, 45, § 124; 16, 33, 60, § 141; Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 24.—In plur., Lucr. 4, 827: muri, Val. Fl. 2, 553: fontis fastigium, i.e. the height on which the fountain sprang up, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41, 5.—
      • b The lower part, depth: forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia, quaeres, what should be the depth of the trenches, Verg. G. 2, 288.—
    • 2 (From the sloping form of the gable.) A slope, declivity, descent: ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat, Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5: jugum paulo leniore fastigio, id. ib. 2, 24, 3: iniquum loci ad declivitatem fastigium, id. B. G. 7, 85, 4: rupes leniore submissa fastigio, Curt. 6, 6, 11: capreoli molli fastigio, Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 3; 2, 24, 3: musculi, id. ib. 2, 11, 1: scrobes paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio, i.e. gradually narrowing from top to bottom, id. B. G. 7, 73, 5; cf.: si (fossa) fastigium habet, ut (aqua) exeat e fundo, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2.—
    • 3 In the later grammarians, an accent placed over a word, Mart. Cap. 3, § 264; § 268 al.; Diom. p. 428 P.
• II Trop.
• • A The highest part, summit, the highest degree, most exalted rank or dignity (perh. only since the Aug. per.): quicquid numinum hanc Romani imperii molem in amplissimum terrarum orbis fastigium extulit, Vell. 2, 131, 1; cf.: sic fit, ut dei summum inter homines fastigium servent, Plin. Pan. 52, 2: et quoad usque ad memoriam nostram tribuniciis consularibusque certatum viribus est, dictaturae semper altius fastigium fuit, Liv. 6, 38 fin.; cf.: in consulare fastigium vehi, Vell. 2, 69, 1: ad regium fastigium evehere aliquem, Val. Max. 1, 6, 1: alii cives ejusdem fastigii, Liv. 3, 35, 9: stare in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint. 12, 1, 20: rhetoricen in tam sublime fastigium sine arte venisse, id. 2, 17, 3: et poësis ab Homero et Vergilio tantum fastigium accepit, et eloquentia a Demosthene, id. 12, 11, 26; cf.: magice in tantum fastigii adolevit, ut, etc., grew into such esteem, Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2.—
  • • 2 In gen., dignity, rank, condition: (M. Laetorio) curatio altior fastigio suo data est, Liv. 2, 27, 6; cf.: ampliora etiam humano fastigio decerni sibi passus est, Suet. Caes. 76: tamquam mortale fastigium egressus, Tac. A. 15, 74: animus super humanum fastigium elatus, Curt. 9, 10 med.: quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum extollit Fortuna, Juv. 3, 39.—
  • B A leading or chief point, head in a discourse; a principal sort or kind (rare): summa sequar fastigia rerum, Verg. A. 1, 342: e quibus tribus fastigiis (agrorum) simplicibus, sorts, kinds, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 2: propter haec tria fastigia formae discrimina quaedam fiunt sationum, id. ib. 1, 5: haec atque hujuscemodi tria fastigia agri, etc., id. ib. 1, 6, 6; cf. also: quo fastigio sit fundus, id. ib. 1, 20 fin. (and v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 223): laudem relego fastigia summa, Prisc. Laud. Anast. 148.

fāstīgium, iī, n. (fastīgo), I) die in eine Spitze auslaufende Neigung der Seitenflächen eines Gegenstandes, die Steigung, Erhebung, nach unten = die Senkung, Abdachung, schräge Richtung od. Lage, schiefe Ebene (s. Kraner Caes. b. c. 2, 10, 3. Müller Liv. 1, 38, 6. Weißenb. Liv. 25, 36, 6), omnia leni fastigio subvexa, alles erhob sich in mäßiger Steigung, Liv.: iniquum loci ad declivitatem fastigium, Caes.: tenui fastigio vergere in etc., in mäßiger Abdachung, Caes.: paulo leniore fastigio, Caes.: molli fastigio, in nicht steiler Neigung (in stumpfem Winkel), Caes.: cloacae fastigio in Tiberim ductae, Liv. – beim Ackerbau die Erhebung über die Erdoberfläche, die Abstufung der Lage, spectandum, quo fastigio sit fundus, Varro: tria fastigia agri (näml. campestre, collinum, montanum), Varro. – beim Wasserbau = das Gefälle, si erit fastigium magnum, facilior erit decursus aquae, Vitr. – II) das obere od. untere Ende, die Spitze der auslaufenden Seitenflächen, A) eig.: AA) das obere Ende, der Giebel, Gipfel, 1) im allg., die relative Höhe, das Oben eines Ggstds., die Oberfläche, der Gipfel, die Spitze, der Saum u. dgl., f. fontis, Caes.: pari altitudinis fastigio, Caes.: f. muri, moenium, Curt.: summum munimenti f., Curt.: f. aquae, Curt.: inaequale f. terrae, Curt. – fastigia montis, Sil.: fastigia muri, Val. Flacc.: fastigia surarum, Lucr. – 2) insbes.: a) der Giebel des Daches, u. zwar: α) das ganze Giebeldach, Satteldach, Cic. u.a. – β) der mit einem besondern Giebelfelde (tympanum) geschmückte Vordergiebel, der Fronton, griech. ἀετός, ἀέτωμα, der wieder drei Giebelzinnen (acroteria) hatte, auf die man Bildsäulen stellte, anfangs zu Rom nur an Tempeln angebracht, später auch an den Palästen der Vornehmen, f. Capitolii, Cic.: fastigia aliquot templorum a culminibus abrupta, Liv. – operi inchoato, prope tamen absoluto, tamquam fastigium imponere, die Krone aufsetzen, die letzte Hand anlegen, Cic. – Dav. b) das über ein Wort gesetzte Akzentzeichen, der Akzent, Diom. 433, 21. Mart. Cap. 3. § 268 sqq. – BB) das untere Ende, die relative Tiefe, der Grund, Caes. b. G. 7, 73, 5. Verg. georg. 2, 288. – B) übtr.: 1) wie unser Höhe, Höhepunkt, α) relativ = Stellung, Stand, Rang, Würde, Charakter, Standpunkt, Stufe, consulare, Vell.: summum, Tac.: mortale (eines Sterblichen), Curt.: muliebre (eines Weibes), Ggstz. deminutio sui, Tac.: dictaturae altius f., Liv.: curatio altior fastigio suo, Liv.: ampliora humano fastigio, Suet.: pari fastigio stetisse in utraque fortuna, Nep.: alqm ad regium fastigium evehere, Val. Max.: invidiosum magistratus (= consulatus) fastigium moderatione ad tolerabilem habitum deduxit, Val. Max. – β) absol., Höhe, Höhepunkt, Gipfel, in fastigio eloquentiae stare, Quint.: praeteritae fortunae fastigium capio, Curt. – 2) wie κορυφή, Hauptpunkt, summa sequar fastigia rerum, Verg. Aen. 1, 342.

1 fastigium [CL] 1 point, apex. b (her.) chevron. ~ium, altitudo, apex, sublimitas Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 245.  b ~ium est quasi decussis inferior medietas, cujus jugum manet in erecta per centrum linea. Plinius et Columella hujusmodi cantherium vocant et jugum, Caesar ~ium, Uptonus signum capitale, Galli chevron Spelman Asp. 96. 2 point of roof, top of building. b (generally) any high place, heights. 797 si speculator in celso turris ~io dormit Alcuin Ep. 124; illic ut validus summam conscendit in arcem, / ‥ / sed Domini pietas rapuit de fastigiorum / casibus insontem B. V. Dunst. 4; ignis ‥ prius tuguria, hic ecclesiae ~ia lambere cepit V. Kenelmi B f. 83vb; templa domosque detexit et ~ia turrium dejecit Ord. Vit. XII 1 p. 312; regalibus prepollebant palatiis ut aureis tectorum ~iis Romam imitaretur G. Mon. IX 12 (cf. Gir. IK I 5 p. 55: palatia immensa, aureis olim tectorum ~iis Romanos fastus imitantia); pinnaculum, -li, i. domus cujuslibet vel templi ~ium Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 428.  b a summo caelorum ~io Aldh. VirgP 7; ~ium, altitudo GlC F 28; 9‥ in ~io, in heannesse WW; item in ~io cujuslibet loci constitutos horror quidam corruendi totos solet percurrere Pull. Sent. 815A; s1498 abbatiam ‥ in montis S. Katerine ~iis situatam (v. abbatia c). 3 eminence, high rank. si ‥ ad regni ~ia perveniret Bede HE II 12; sacerdotis summi fastigia nanctus Mir. Nin. 52; 984 ego Eðelred rex Anglorum ‥ regni totius ~ium tenens Ch. Burton 24 (cf. Ch. Roff. 30); 1073 adversus Deum et pontificate ~ium Lanfr. Ep. 14 (16); coronari regio ~io Gosc. Transl. Mild. 6 p. 163; fortitudinis quod perseveraverit; temperantie, quod in tanto ~io locata, humili mente casum cavit Eadmer Virt. 581C; Henricus ad regni ~ia sullatus est V. Gund. 35; scriptor ‥ quis primo regale ~ium potitus est expedit explicare Fortescue NLN I 5.

2 fastigium v. fatigium

fastīgĭum, (9) ĭī, n. (fastigo), ¶ 1 toit à deux pentes, faîte : Cic. de Or. 3, 180 ; [fig.] operi tamquam fastigium imponere Cic. Off. 3, 33, mettre pour ainsi dire le faîte à lʼouvrage commencé || [en part.] les trois corniches du fronton, sur lesquelles on plaçait des statues : Liv. 40, 2, 3 ¶ 2 pente [dʼune montagne] : Cæs. G. 7, 85, 4 ; C. 1, 45, 5 ; [dʼune paroi de fossé] Cæs. G. 7, 73, 5 ; [inclinaison de pieux] Cæs. C. 2, 10, 3 || longueur de pente, profondeur dʼun fossé : Virg. G. 2, 288 ¶ 3 le sommet en surface, le niveau supérieur : colles pari altitudinis fastigio Cæs. G. 7, 69, 4, collines ayant en élévation le même niveau, cf. Liv. 36, 24, 8 ; 44, 9, 8 ; fastigium aquæ Curt. 4, 2, 19, le niveau de lʼeau ¶ 4 [gramm.] signe dʼaccentuation : Diom. 433, 21 ; Capel. 3, 268, etc. ¶ 5 [fig.] faîte, sommet, point culminant : in fastigio eloquentiæ Quint. 12, 1, 20, au faîte de lʼéloquence || rang social : cives ejusdem fastigii Liv. 3, 35, 9, citoyens de même rang, cf. Liv. 2, 27, 6 ; Tac. Ann. 15, 74 || [pl.] points principaux, faits saillants : Virg. En. 1, 342.

fastigium , ii. n.
尖。頂。正面。高位。— scrobis 穴之深。— aquae 水面。— operi imponere 吿竣。作完。 Civis ejusdem fastigii 同品之士。Summa sequar fastigia rerum 吾將述諸情大槪。Tria sunt agrorum fastigia 田有三類。

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fastīgĭum, ĭi, n.: punta, cima, sommità, vetta; ● fastigio, tetto; operum fastigia Quint le sommità degli edifici; suggestus in curiā, fastigium in domo Fl un palco in senato, il fastigio nella casa; stetisse ipsum in fastigio eloquentiae fateor Quint io ammetto che egli raggiunse il culmine dell'eloquenza e pendio, pendenza, declivio; cloacis fastigio in Tiberim ductis Liv costruite delle cloache in pendenza verso il Tevere.

fastīgium ī, n

• the top of a gable, gable end, pediment: Capitoli: fastigia templorum, L.: Evado ad summi fastigia culminis, V.: ut haberet fastigium, i. e. a temple in his honor: ignem ad fastigia iactant, to the roof, V.—A top, height, summit, edge: colles pari altitudinis fastigio, Cs.: fontis, Cs.: muri, Cu.—Plur, depth: scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras, what should be the depth of the trenches, V.—A slope, declivity, descent: locus tenui fastigio vergebat, Cs.: iniquum loci ad declivitatem, Cs.: cloacis fastigio in Tiberim ductis, by a gradual descent, L.: scrobes paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio, i. e. gradually narrowing, Cs.—Fig., a finish, completion: operi tamquam fastigium inponere, crown the work.— Elevation, rank, dignity: dictaturae semper altius fastigium fuit, L.: alii cives eiusdem fastigi, L.: mortale, Cu.: muliebre, womanly dignity, Ta.: fortunae, the height, Cu.: Quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum Extollit Fortuna, Iu.: summa sequar fastigia rerum, great outlines, V.

FASTIGIUM

FASTI´GIUM(ἀετός, ἀέτωμα), literally a slope, in architecture a pediment, is the triangle which surmounts each end of a rectangular building, and which, in fact, represents the gable end of the roof. (See woodcut under ANTAE) It is composed of the cornice of the entablature which forms its base, the two converging cornices at the sides, and the tympanum or flat surface enclosed by them, so called from its resemblance to a three-cornered tambourine (Vitr. 3.3, 4.6-Z2; Cic. de Orat. 3.46.180; Liv. 40.2). This flat surface was generally ornamented with sculpture; originally, in the early temples of Zeus, with a simple eagle as a symbol of the god (Pind. O. 13.29, and Schol. ad loc.), an instance of which is afforded by the coin represented in the following woodcut (Beger. Spicil. Antiq. p. 6), whence the Greek name ἀετὸς which was at first applied to the tympanum and afterwards to the whole pediment; and in after-times with elaborate sculptures in high relief, such as those in the pediments of the Parthenon, non, the fragments of which are among the Elgin Marbles in the British Museum, where also may be seen a full-sized model of the pediments of the temple of Zeus Panhellenius, at Aegina, with casts of the statues in them, restored. Most of the celebrated Greek temples were similarly adorned. (See Paus. 1.24.5; 2.7.3-Z3; 5.10-Z2.2; 9.11.4; Aristoph. Aves, 1110.) Terra-cotta figures were applied in a similar manner by the Romans in the early ages. (Cic. de Div. 1.1. 0, § 16; Vitr. 3.2; Plin. Nat.35. § § 152, 158; 36.6.) [ANTEFIXA]

The dwelling-houses of the Romans might have sloping roofs, but ornamental gables were not allowed; hence, when the word is applied to them, it is not in its strictly technical sense, but designates the roof simply, and is to be understood of one which rises to a ridge as distinguished from a flat one (Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3.1, 4.14; Verg. A. 8.491). Among other divine honours, the Romans decreed to Caesar the liberty of erecting a fastigium to his house (Cic. Phil. 2.4. 3, § 110; Florus (Flor. 4.2; Plut. Caes. 81; comp. ACROTERIUM), that is, a portico and pediment towards the street like that of a temple.

[A.R] [W.W]

Fastigium

(ἀετός, ἀέτωμα). Literally, a slope; in architecture, a pediment. The triangle which surmounts each end of a rectangular building, and which, in fact, represents the gable end of the roof. (See antae.) It is composed of the cornice of the entablature which forms its base, the two converging cornices at the sides, and the tympanum or flat surface enclosed by them, so called from its resemblance to a three-cornered tambourine (Vitruv. iii. 3, iv. 6; Cic. de Orat. iii. 46. 180; Livy , xl. 2). This flat surface was generally ornamented with sculpture; originally, in the early temples of Zeus, with a simple eagle as a symbol of the god, an instance of which is afforded by the coin represented in the above illustration (Beger, Spicil. Antiq. p. 6), whence the Greek name ἀετός, which was at first applied to the tympanum and afterwards to the whole pediment, and in after-times with elaborate sculptures in high relief. See antefixa; templum.

The dwelling-houses of the Romans might have sloping roofs, but ornamental gables were not allowed; hence, when the word is applied to them, it is not in its strictly technical sense, but designates the roof simply, and is to be understood of one which rises to a ridge as distinguished from a flat one ( ad. Q. Fr. iii. 1, 4. 14; Verg. Aen. viii. 491). Among other divine honours, the Romans decreed to Caesar the liberty of erecting a fastigium to his house (Plut. Caes. 81; see acroterium) — that is, a portico and pediment towards the street like that of a temple. See domus.