iniuria

quaero iure an iniuria factum sit
I ask whether it was done justly or unjustly

iniūria, ae, f.: violation of human right; injustice, violence, wrong, injury, 4.354, et al.; affront, insult, 1.27. (2. in- and iūs)

injūrĭa, ae, f. [iniurius], any thing that is done contrary to justice and equity, injury, wrong, violence: injuria ex eo dicta est, quod non jure fiat! omne enim, quod non jure fit, injuria fieri dicitur: hoc generaliter. Specialiter autem injuria dicitur contumelia. Interdum injuriae appellatione damnum culpa datum significatur: interdum iniquitatem injuriam dicimus, etc., Dig. 47, 10, 1: cum autem duobis modis, id est aut vi aut fraude, fiat injuria, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41: injuriae sunt, quae aut pulsatione corpus, aut convicio aures, aut aliqua turpitudine vitam cujuspiam violant, Auct. Her. 4, 25, 35.

• I Lit.: tibi a me nulla orta est injuria, Ter. Ad. 189: alienum est a sapiente non modo injuriam cui facere, verum etiam nocere, Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71: injuriam inferre, id. Off. 1, 7, 24: injurias contumeliasque imponere, id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20: injuriam jacere et immittere in aliquem, id. Par. 4, § 28: in populum Romanum, Liv. 44, 1, 10: accipere ab aliquo, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18, 60: propulsare, id. Rosc. Am. 50, 145: defendere, Caes. B. C. 1, 7: condonare alicui, id. B. G. 1, 20: persequi, id. ib. 7, 38: ulcisci, id. ib. 1, 12: injuriis onerare, Ter. And. 827: per injuriam, in an unjust manner, unjustly, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 226.—The abl. injuriā is used adverb., unjustly, undeservedly, without cause: ne palma detur cuiquam artifici injuriā, Plaut. Poen. prol. 37: dispertivisti, id. Aul. 2, 5, 4 (330): si me meis civibus injuriā suspectum viderem, Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17: hoc horret Milo: nec injuriā, id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.
• II Transf., injurious, unlawful, or unjust conduct.
• • A
  • • 1 Act., injustice, wrongdoing: vostrā hercle factum injuriā, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 66 (160): quocumque aspexisti, ut furiae, sic tuae tibi occurrunt injuriae, Cic. Par. 2, 18: ut meum jus teneam et injuriam tuam persequar, id. Caecin. 11, 32. —
    • 2 Pass.: pro veteribus Helvetiorum injuriis populi Romani, Caes. B. G. 1, 30: Sabinae mulieres, quarum ex injuria bellum ortum, Liv. 1, 13, 1; cf., so of dishonoring, deflowering a virgin, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 64 (794); id. Cist. 1, 3, 32 (148).—
  • B An injurious act, injury, outrage, insult, affront: injuriarum multam dicere, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 57 (1336): injuriarum dicam alicui scribere, Ter. Phorm. 329: actio injuriarum, an action for a personal injury or affront, Cic. Caecin. 12, 35: periculum injuriae muliebris, Liv. 26, 49, 12: agere injuriarum, Dig. 47, tit. 10: teneri injuriarum, ib. 11: injuriarum experiri, ib. fin.: injuriarum judicio convenire quempiam, ib. 13: tantine injuria cenae? the insult of a dinner, Juv. 5, 9.—
  • C Unjust severity, harshness, rigor: (filius) carens patriā ob meas injurias, Ter. Heaut. 137; cf. paterna, id. ib. 992.—
  • D Revenge or punishment for injury inflicted: injuria consulis, etiam si justa, non tamen in magistratu exercenda, Liv. 42, 1, 12: injuria caedis nostrae, Verg. A. 3, 256.—
  • E An unjust acquisition: injuriam obtinere, Liv. 29, 1, 17.—
• F A damage, harm, injury of any kind, even that which proceeds from inanimate things: ab injuria oblivionis aliquem asserere, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 4: pluviarum, Col. 11, 3, 7: ignis, id. ib.: frigorum, grandinum aut nivis, Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 134: puellam vinculis onerat, ex quorum injuria decessit, Just. 43, 2: comparere incolumem ac sine injuria, Suet. Aug. 14: haerens injuria lumbis, pain, disease, Ser. Samm. 38, 452: curandum ne magna injuria fiat fortibus, Juv. 8, 121.

iniūria, ae, f. (iniurius), jede widerrechtliche Handlung = das Unrecht, die Rechtsverletzung, Ungerechtigkeit, Gewalttätigkeit (vgl. Cic. de off. 1, 41), I) eig.: A) im allg.: iniuriam facere, Unrecht tun, Cic. poët.: iniuriam alci inferre od. imponere od. facere, Cic., od. offerre, Ter., od. afferre, Quint., od. in alqm immittere od. iacĕre, Cic., od. iniuriā alqm afficere, Ter.: iniuriam accipere, Cic.: iniuriam facile pati, Pacuv. fr.: iniuriam propulsare, Cic., od. repellere, Liv., od. defendere, Caes.: tibi a me nulla orta est iniuria, Ter.: contra ius et iniurias omnes munitum esse, Sall.: iudicii, Härte des Ausspruchs, Liv.: iniuria tua (das du begangen hast), Cic.: u. so tuae tibi occurrunt iniuriae, Cic.: iniuria sua, ihm angetan, Sall.: sociorum, den B. angetan, Sall.: iniuriae in populum Romanum, Liv. 44, 1, 10: praetor decernit iniuriam, etwas Widerrechtliches, Cic.: dah. per iniuriam, mit Unrecht, widderrechtlich, Cic.: iniuriā, mit Unrecht, Cic.: haud iniuriā, nicht mit Unrecht, nicht ohne Grund, Curt. – B) insbes.: 1) die Entehrung eines Mädchens, iniuriam fecisse filiae, Plaut. – u. Verführung übh., teneriores annos ab iniuria sanctitas docentis custodiat, Quint.: spretae formae, Schimpf, Schmach wegen der usw., Verg. – 2) als gerichtl. t. t. = Beleidigung, Injurie, Unbill als Rechtsverletzung, actio iniuriarum, Injurienklage, Cic.: iniuriarum dicam alci scribere, einen Injurienprozeß machen, Ter.: agere iniuriarum, wegen Injurien klagen, ICt.: una iniuria est tecum, Injurienprozeß, Ter. – 3) die unbillige Strenge, Härte, paterna, Ter. – 4) übh. Verletzung, Schaden, frigorum, Plin.: vinculorum, Iustin.: serpentium, Stiche, Bisse, Plin.: foribus facere iniuriam, Plaut.: quidquid ex illa (regula) mutaveris, recti iniuria est, ist eine Verletzung der geraden Linie, eine Abweichung von der g. L., Sen.: ab iniuria oblivionis alqm asserere, der Vergessenheit entreißen, Plin. ep.: sine iniuria, Colum. u. Suet.: sine pluviarum iniuria (Einwirkung), Frontin. aqu. – II) meton.: 1) das widerrechtlich (unrechtmäßig) Genommene, pertinaces ad obtinendam iniuriam, Liv. 29, 1, 17. – 2) die Rache wegen eines erlittenen Unrechts, die Strafe für usw., caedis, Verg.: consulis, Liv.

injuria, ae. f.
凌辱。得罪。害。損。寃枉。Ab injuria oblivionis se asserere 立不朽之名。Concedere injuriae 恕罪。Injuriam facere ei 損人。Injuriam facere virgini 辱童女。Injuria 無故。不公道然。

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iniūria ae, f

• iniurius, an injustice, wrong, outrage, injury, insult: (filius) carens patriā ob meas iniurias, harsh treatment, T.: paterna, T.: iniuriam sibi imponere: privatas iniurias ultus est, Cs.: in populumR., L.: a praetore iniurias accipere: imperatoris iniurias defendere, Cs.: Suebos ab Cheruscis iniuriis prohibere, protect from outrage on the side of, etc., Cs.: neque cuiquam iniuriae suae parvae videntur, his wrongs, S.: Turni, threatened by, V.: vos nostrae iniuria caedis subigat, etc., i. e. as its punishment, V.: tantine iniuria cenae?the insult of a dinner, Iu.: Helvetiorum iniuriae populiR., to Rome, Cs.: quarum (mulierum), L.: spretae formae, V.: thalami nostri, O.—In law, unlawful violence, assault, trespass: iniuriarum mihi scripta dica, T.: iniuriarum damnatus.—In language, an insult, affront, abuse: me onerare iniuriis, T.—With per: servos abducebat per iniuriam, unjustly, outrageously: per summam iniuriam.—Abl, unjustly, undeservedly, causelessly, wrongfully: me meis civibus iniuriā suspectum videre: non iniuriā (gaudebas), T.—An unjust acquisition: ad obtinendam iniuriam, L.—A damage, harm, injury: Curandum ne magna iniuria fiat Fortibus, Iu.

Iniuria

In general, iniuria is whatever is not ius; hence a violation of law. In a special sense, it denotes a wrong against one's person as distinguished from a wrong against one's property. It involves an insult (ὕβρις, contumelia) and must include an intent to act unlawfully (dolus). Instances of iniuria are assault, noisy abuse (convicium), libellous writings, insulting gestures, spitting at a man ( Ad Q. Fratr. ii. 3, 2), dunning him for a debt in such a way as to injure his credit, etc. Iniuria to a wife was also iniuria to her husband. No iniuria could be done to a slave, though iniuria to his master might be done upon the person of a slave. See Servus.

The penalty of twenty-five asses, which was provided by the Twelve Tables for iniuria, was subsequently found insufficient in many cases, and so an action was established by the praetor (actio iniuriarum aestimatoria), in which the injured party was allowed to claim such damages as he thought he was entitled to, and the iudex might give the full amount or less. This became the ordinary remedy on account of iniuria, but a Lex Cornelia gave a special action in cases of pulsatio, verberatio, and forcible entry into a man's house. The person who committed the iniuria was styled iniurius and later iniustus.