pronus

pronus, turned forward, bent over, inclined, leaning, hanging, stooping, bending

prona via
a downward-bending road, a steep road in obsequium plus aequo pronus
prone to complaisance more than is right

prōnus, a, um (archaic form of fem. pronis, Varr. ap. Non. 494 fin.), adj. [like Gr. πρᾶνής = πρηνής, from root pra-, πρό; cf. prae].

I Lit., turned forward, bent or inclined, leaning or hanging forward, stooping, bending down (class.; opp. supinus; cf. cernuus).
- - 1 Of living beings: puerum imponere equo pronum in ventrem, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 13: pronus pendens in verbera, leaning forward to strike, Verg. A. 10, 586: ipsum Pronum sterne solo, id. ib. 11, 485: pronus magister Volvitur in caput, id. ib. 1, 115: pecora, quae natura prona finxit, Sall. C. 1, 1; Ov. M. 8, 379.—Poet., of those running swiftly, Ov. M. 10, 652: leporem pronum catulo sectare sagaci, flying swiftly, id. R. Am. 201.—
  - 2 Of things, bending forward or downward, going or inclined downward: ilex paulum modo prona, dein flexa, Sall. J. 93, 4: prona ac fastigiata tigna, Caes. B. G. 4, 17: pronae atque vergentes ampullae, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 6: demissus inde pronusque pulvinus, id. ib. 5, 6, 16: (urbs) prona in paludes, sinking down, Liv. 4, 59: crateres, overturned, Stat. Th. 5, 255: motus corporis, Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120: cubitus, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 54: prona via, steep, Ov. M. 2, 67: amnis, Verg. G. 1, 203: rivi, Hor. C. 1, 29, 11: currus, Ov. M. 5, 424. —Absol.: nihil habent proni et supera semper petunt, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42: per pronum ire, downwards, Sen. Ep. 123, 14: per prona voluti, Sil. 15, 235.—
- B In partic.
- - 1 Of the heavenly bodies, of time, etc., setting, sinking, declining (poet.): pronus Orion, Hor. C. 3, 27, 18: sidera, Prop. 1, 16, 23: Titan, Ov. M. 11, 257: dies, Stat. Th. 2, 41: menses (=celeriter praetereuntes), Hor. C. 4, 6, 39: anni, id. A. P. 60.—
  - 2 Of localities, turned, looking, or lying towards (post-Aug.).
  - - - α With dat.: loca Aquiloni prona, Col. 3, 2, 6: aedificii solum pronius orienti, situated more to the east, id. 1, 5, 8.—
      - β With ad: campo patente et ad solem prono, Col. 2, 9, 3.—
II Trop., inclined, disposed, prone to any thing (class.); usu. constr. with ad, in aliquid, or dat.; poet. also with gen.
- A In gen.
- - - - α With ad: rei publicae genus inclinatum et quasi pronum ad perniciosissimum statum, Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 47: anxitudo prona ad luctum, id. ib. 2, 41, 68 (from Non. 72, 31): boves ad domandum proni, Varr. R. R. 1, 2: pronus ad omne nefas, Luc. 6, 147: pronus ad cujusque necem, Suet. Vit. 14: ad poëticam, id. Ner. 50: ad simultates, Plin. Pan. 84.—Sup.: ad indulgentias pronissimus, Capit. Anton. 10, 8.—
      - β With in and acc.: in obsequium plus aequo pronus, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10: in libidines, Suet. Caes. 50: saeculum in omnia mala, Flor. 4, 12.—Prov.: prona est timori semper in pejus fides, Sen. Herc. Fur. 316. —
      - γ With dat.: pronus deterioribus, Tac. Agr. 41 fin.—Comp.: aures offensioni proniores, Tac. A. 4, 29 fin.—
      - δ With gen. (poet.): ruendi In ferrum mens prona viris, Luc. 1, 461.—Comp.: unus audendi pronior, Claud. Ruf. 2, 400.—
- B In partic.
- - 1 Inclined to favor, favorable to any thing (post-Aug.).
  - - - α With dat.: si modo prona bonis invicti Caesaris assint Numina, Stat. S. 4, 8, 61.—Comp.: cohors Cn. Dolabellae pronior, Suet. Galb. 12.—
      - β With in and acc.: prona in eum aula Neronis, Tac. H. 1, 13.—Comp.: ut quis misericordiā in Germanicum pronior, Tac. A. 2, 73: in verum nepotem, Suet. Cat. 19.—
      - γ Absol.: prona sententia, Val. Fl. 8, 340: pronis auribus accipere aliquid, Tac. H. 1, 1; Luc. 5, 501.— Comp.: quos pronior fortuna comitatur, Vell. 2, 69, 6.—
  - 2 Easy, without difficulty (mostly post-Aug.): omnia virtuti suae prona esse, Sall. J. 114, 2: omnia prona victoribus, Tac. Agr. 33: pronum ad honores iter, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3: via ad regnum, Just. 1, 5, 9: pronum est, it is easy: agere memoratu digna pronum erat, Tac. Agr. 1: invitos praebere deos, Luc. 6, 606: facile et pronum est agere, Juv. 9, 43.—Comp.: id pronius ad fidem est, is easier to believe, Liv. 21, 28.—Hence, adv.: prōnē, downwards, pronely (post-class.).
- A Lit., Paul. Petr. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 546.—
- B Trop., readily, willingly; comp. pronius, Amm.30, 8, 10.

prōnus, a, um (prō), vorwärts geneigt, sich vorwärts neigend, vorwärts hangend, schräg, I) eig. u. übtr.: A) aai.: a) v. leb. Wesen, puerum imponere equo pronum in ventrem, postea sedentem, Varro: pronus pendens in verbera, vorhangend zum Schlage, Verg.: pr. in baculum, sich bückend auf usw., Apul.: pecora, quae natura prona finxit, Sall.: pronis (armentis) directa in humum cornua officiunt, Mela. – poet., v. schnell Enteilenden, vorwärts geneigt, uterque carcere pronus emicat, Ov.: leporem pronum catulo sectari, Ov. – b) v. Gliedern des Leibes und deren Lage, Bewegung usw. (Ggstz. supinus), manus, Quint.: cubitus, Plin.: prona supinaque corpora iacēre, Pacat. pan.: exanimata naufragiis corpora supina iacebant aut prona, Amm.: omne animal, ut vult, ita utitur motu sui corporis prono, obliquo, supino, Cic. – c) v. a. lebl. Ggstdn.: ilex, Sall.: pr. atque vergentes ampullae, Plin. ep. – poet., crateres, umgestürzte, Stat.: cunus, abwärtsstürzende, Ov.: u. so amnis, herabstürzend, Verg. – d) übtr.: α) v. Örtl.: αα) nach einer Richtung sich absenkend, Anxur fuit urbs prona in paludes, Liv. 4, 59, 4. – poet., abschüssig, via, Ov. met. 2, 67. – ββ) nach einer Himmelsgegend usw. sich hinneigend, liegend, gelegen, solum pr. orienti, Colum.: campus ad solem pr., Colum. – β) v. Gestirnen, sich zum Untergange neigend, Orion, Hor.: sidera, Prop.: dies, Stat. – γ) v. der Zeit, enteilend, menses, Hor. carm. 4, 6, 39. – B) subst. prōnum, ī, n., a) übh.: nihil proni habere, nichts, was nach untenhin zieht, Cic. Tusc. 1, 42. – b) v. Örtl. = der Abhang, qui per pronum (bergab) eunt, resupinant corpora, qui in arduum (bergauf), incumbunt, Sen. ep. 123, 14: per prona voluti, Sil. 15, 235: Plur. m. Genet., montium prona, Curt. 5, 3 (12), 18: prona montis, Curt. 7, 11 (41), 3. – II) übtr.: A) dem Sinne usw. nach geneigt, 1) im allg., zu etwas Gutem od. Schlechtem geneigt, aufgelegt, pr. ad poëticam, Suet.: pr. ad novas res, Tac.: pronus ad decertandum, Tac.: pr. ad cuiusque necem, Suet.: omnes ad peccandum generaliter proni, Oros.: mens ad credendum prona, Aur. Vict.: ad indulgentias pronissimus fuit, Capit. Anton. Pius 10, 8. – pr. in arma, Tac.: pr. in libidines, Suet.: pr. in obsequium, Hor.: in hoc consilium pronior erat animus regis, Liv.: nonne hinc apparet, in quid velut pondere suo proclivis et prona sit vitiosa natura? Augustin. de civ. dei 22, 22, 2. p. 605, 8 D². – pronio. es offensioni aures, Tac. – mens prona ruendi in ferrum, Lucan. 1, 461. – 2) insbes., geneigt, günstig, gewogen, pr. alci, Vell. u. Suet. – pr. in alqm, Tac.: favore in Pisonem pronior, Tac.: prona sententia, Val. Flacc.: pronis auribus accipi, williges Gehör finden, Tac.: pronis animis audiri, Tac.: pronior fortuna, Vell. – B) meton., leicht, ohne Schwie rigkeit, omnia virtuti prona, Sall.: omnia prona victoribus, Tac.: iter ad honores pronum, Plin. ep.: id pronius ad fidem est, ist weit glaubhafter, Liv.: pronum est m. Infin., Tac. Agr. 1. Lucan. 6, 606. Stat. silv. 5, 3, 141. Iuven. 9, 4: u. so pronius est m. Infin., Solin. 30, 26.

pronus [CL] 1 (usu of person or animal) that leans forward or downward (also pred. and as expression of humility or submission). venerunt statim post vestigia ejus duo pusilla animalia maritima humiliter ~i [v. l. ~a] in terram, lambentes pedes ejus, volutantes tergebant pellibus suis V. Cuthb. II 3; prostrati, supplices ~is vultibus Dominum gloriae magnificebant Felix Guthl. 7; eadem est ergo mulier sed ibi pedes solum Domini ~a unguebat Bede Hom. II 4. 127; a801 nec ex uno quolibet paternae possessionis prato mihi flores colligendos esse censeo, sed multorum patrum, humili corde, ~a cervice, florida rura peragranda mihi esse video Alcuin Ep. 213; animal quadrupes, ~um in terram Gir. TH II 19 p. 105. 2 (of person, also w. jacere) flat on one’s face, prone. procidens ante januam ~us in terram oravit in silentio V. Cuthb. II 7; ibi ‥ ~us ad pedes Henrici regis corruit Ord. Vit. I 24 p. 182; corruens in terram et aliquandiu ~us jacens Bede HE IV 29 p. 278; qui ~us jacens ventrem et vultum terre coherere facit Andr. S. Vict. Dan. 108; queritur quare mulier submersa inveniatur supina, vir autem ~us Quaest. Salern. B 104. 3 (fig.) of character or conduct that moves downwards. 958 cunctipotens Pater arce superna sedens ~am labilemque humani generis conspectans fragilitatem CS 1040; ut ~iore casu in ima vitiorum lapsos ‥ confringat Gir. TH I 22. 4 that moves towards the end, (as sb. n.) latter part or end. in ~o majoris misse vel exitu vesperorum Form. S. Andr. I 104. 5 characterized by precipitous movement, (per ~a as adv. phr.) headlong, at top speed. itaque audito regis adventu fugam per ~a invadunt W. Malm. GR II 180. 6 inclined or well disposed (toward), prone, eager; b (w. ad or in & acc.); c (w. inf.); d (w. gen.); e (w. dat.); f (w. ut & subj.). 959 (12c) quandam ruris particulam ~a ‥ devotione ‥ largitus sum CS 1052; dum se servum Domini majestatis ~a reverentia recolit Gosc. Transl. Mild. 6 p. 163; non modo non agit, quibus adipiscatur optata, verum ~iori affectu ea committit quibus miseriam magis accumulet suam Ailr. Spec. Car. I 22. 525. b sed ‥ investigandum est unde tam vitiosa et tam ~a sit ad malum ista voluntas Anselm (Praesc. 3. 13) II 285; leena ceteris ‥ bestiis inmanior et in venerem ~ior Andr. S. Vict. Dan. 54; 1166 si me videritis, quod Deus avertat, ~um ad aliquid turpitudinis J. Sal. Ep. 148 (177); ut ‥ curiam totam in sue partis defensionem faceret ~niorem Devizes f. 40 p. 70; vetule naturaliter sunt frigide et sicce, unde non sunt ~e ad coitum Quaest. Salern. B 45; cum natura hominis sit ~a ad carnis commixtionem T. Chobham Praed. 132. c primus homo hac vi floruit, dijudicans singula vere, ~us velle bona Pull. Sent. 720D; 1167 ipsum archiepiscopum ‥ clementissimum patrem inveniet et longe ~iorem ignoscere quam ulcisci J. Sal. Ep. 207 (217 p. 364); reos longe ~ior absolvere quam condemnare Gir. TH III 49 p. 194. d et quidem mihi imperata perficiendi ~a est voluntas Turgot Marg. prol. p. 234. e rex, ut semper calori ~us erat, novas causas irarum invenit W. Malm. GP I 49; s1141 jaculatum incendium in domos burgensium, qui ‥ ~iores erant imperatricis felicitati Id. HN 499. f ~ior est humana natura, ut ei qui a bono retrahit ei qui ad bonum invitat consentiat Mir. Fridesw. 74.

prōnus, (9) a, um (pro), ¶ 1 penché en avant : pronus pendens in verbera Virg. En. 10, 586, se penchant en avant pour stimuler les chevaux ; pronus volvitur in caput Virg. En. 1, 116, il roule la tête en avant ; pecora, quæ natura prona finxit Sall. C. 1, 1, les bêtes que la nature a courbées vers la terre, cf. Ov. M. 1, 84 ; 8, 379 ; Juv. 15, 147 || ilex paulum prona Sall. J. 93, 4, chêne-vert un peu penché en avant ; motus corporis pronus Cic. Div. 1, 120, mouvement du corps en avant ; pronus currus Ov. M. 5, 424, le char qui sʼincline en avant, qui sʼenfonce ; nihil proni habere Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, nʼavoir rien qui aille vers le bas [oppos. à superus ] ¶ 2 en pente, incliné : prona via Ov. M. 2, 67, chemin en pente ; per pronum ire Sen. Ep. 123, 14, descendre une pente ; in prono Liv. 21, 36, 7, sur un terrain en pente ; pl. n. , prona montis Curt. 7, 11, 3, pentes dʼune montagne || pronus amnis Virg. G. 1, 203, rivière dont le cours est en pente, au cours rapide || urbs prona in paludes Liv. 4, 59, 4, ville qui va en pente vers des marais ; pronior orienti Col. Rust. 1, 5, 8, plus incliné vers lʼorient ¶ 3 [en parl. dʼun astre] qui descend à lʼhorizon, qui décline : Hor. O. 3, 27, 18 ; Prop. 1, 16, 23 ; Ov. M. 11, 257 || [en parl. du temps] pronus annus Hor. P. 60, le déclin de lʼannée, lʼautomne ; proni menses Hor. O. 4, 6, 39, les mois qui fuient ¶ 4 [fig.] a) incliné vers, porté vers, enclin à [avec ad ] : Cic. Rep. 2, 47 ; 2, 68 ; Suet. Nero 50 || [avec in acc.] Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10 ; Suet. Cæs. 50 || [av. dat.] : aures offensioni proniores Tac. Ann. 4, 29, oreilles assez promptes à sʼoffenser, cf. Tac. Agr. 41 || [avec gén.] Luc. 1, 461 ; b) bien disposé, bienveillant, favorable : pronis auribus Tac. H. 1, 1, avec des oreilles favorables ; pronus in aliquem Tac. H. 1, 13 ; alicui Suet. Galba 12, bien disposé pour qqn ; c) facile, aisé : omnia virtuti suæ prona esse Sall. J. 114, 2, [ils pensaient] que tout était facile pour leur courage, cf. Tac. Agr. 33 ; iter pronum ad honores Plin. Min. Ep. 8, 10, 3, chemin qui conduit facilement aux honneurs ; consilium pronius ad fidem Liv. 21, 28, 6, résolution plus croyable ; pronum est avec inf., il est facile de : Tac. Agr. 1 ; Luc. 6, 606.

…delubra deae, quorum fastigia turpi pallebant musco stabantque sine ignibus arae. Ut templi tetigere gradus, procumbit uterque pronus humi gelidoque pavens dedit oscula saxo atque ita si precibus dixerunt numina iustis victa remollescunt, si flectitur ira deorum…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…, sic aquilam penna fugiunt trepidante columbae, hostes quaeque suos amor est mihi causa sequendi. Me miserum ne prona cadas indignave laedi crura notent sentes et sim tibi causa doloris. Aspera, qua properas, loca sunt .…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…gaudebam lapsos formare capillos ; nunc furtiva cavis poma dabam manibus ; omniaque ingrato largibar munera somno, munera de prono saepe voluta sinu ; et quotiens raro duxti suspiria motu, obstupui vano credulus auspicio, ne qua tibi insolitos…

Propertius, Elegies
…alto aethere cognati retinebat semina caeli ; quam satus Iapeto mixtam pluvialibus undis finxit in effigiem moderantum cuncta deorum. Pronaque cum spectent animalia cetera terram, os homini sublime dedit, caelumque videre iussit et erectos ad sidera tollere vultus…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…sese student praestare ceteris animalibus, summa ope niti decet, ne vitam silentio transeant veluti pecora, quae natura prona atque ventri oboedientia finxit. Sed nostra omnis vis in animo et corpore sita est animi imperio, corporis servitio…

Sallust, Catilina
…anima constat, ut potissimum videri video Panaetio, superiora capessat necesse est. nihil enim habent haec duo genera proni et supera semper petunt. ita, sive dissipantur, procul a terris id evenit, sive permanent et conservant…

M. Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes
…. ubi vero ex altera parte GV ex altera KR H stabant, cum hos ut omnino cognatos sic aeque pronos ad scripturam suae aetatis adhibendam haud raro viderem, GV sequi malui. binorum autem codicum scripturam si ab ea…

M. Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes
…a sinistra parte canant oscines. nam si animal omne, ut vult, ita utitur motu sui corporis, prono, obliquo, supino, membraque, quocumque vult, flectit, contorquet, porrigit, contrahit eaque ante efficit…

M. Tullius Cicero, De Divinatione
…. Non. M cupido autem et expetenti et lubidinoso et volutabundo in voluptatibus. Non. M quartaque anxitudo prona ad luctum et maerens semperque ipsa se sollicitans. Non. M esse autem angore, esse miseria adflictas aut…

M. Tullius Cicero, De Republica
…iungebat. Haec cum machinationibus immissa in flumen defixerat fistucisque adegerat, non sublicae modo derecte ad perpendiculum, sed prone ac fastigate, ut secundum naturam fluminis procumberent, iis item contraria duo ad eundem modum iuncta intervallo pedum quadragenum…

Julius Caesar, Gallic War

Frequency

1801st

most frequent word

Most used by

Catullus
Statius, P. Papinius
Lucan
Prudentius
Tibullus

Collocations

terra 44
per 29
video 26
iam 23
dominus 23
adoro 22
cado 22
magnus 19
fero 18
manus 18

Textbooks

EcceRomani 35

pronus

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