rudis

rŭdis, e, adj. [cf. crudus], unwrought, untilled, unformed, unused, rough, raw, wild (cf. crudus): omnis fere materia non deformata, rudis appellatur, sicut vestimentum rude, non perpolitum: sic aes infectum rudusculum, Cincius ap. Fest. p. 265 Müll. (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).

• I Lit.: terra (opp. restibilis), Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 2; so, terra, id. ib. 1, 27, 2: ager, Col. 3, 11, 1: campus, Verg. G. 2, 211: humus, Ov. M. 5, 646: rudis atque infecta materies, Petr. 114, 13; cf.: rudis indigestaque moles (Chaos), Ov. M. 1, 7: marmor, Quint. 2, 19, 3: saxum, id. 9, 4, 27; cf.: signa (de marmore coepto), Ov. M. 1, 406: aes (opp. signatum), Plin. 33, 3, 13, 43: hasta, rudely finished, ill-made, Verg. A. 9, 743; cf.: novacula (with retusa), Petr. 94, 14: circumjectus parietum, Plin. 11, 51, 112, § 270: caementum, Tac. Or. 20 (with informes tegulae): lana, Ov. M. 6, 19: textum, rough, coarse, id. ib. 8, 640; so, vestis, id. F. 4, 659: herba, wild, Mart. 2, 90, 8: cf. uva, unripe, green, hard, id. 13, 68.—Neutr. plur. as subst.: detrahit doctrina aliquid, ut lima rudibus et cotes hebetibus, Quint. 2, 12, 8. —
• • B Poet., transf., young, new (cf. integer): illa (carina, sc. Argo) rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten, untried, not yet sailed on, Cat. 64, 11; hence, also, Argo, Luc. 3, 193: agna, Mart. 9, 71, 6: filia, id. 7, 95, 8: dextram cruore regio imbuit, Sen. Troad. 217: pannas, new, Vulg. Matt. 9, 16. —
• II Trop., rude, unpolished, uncultivated, unskilled, awkward, clumsy, ignorant; hence (like ignarus), with gen., unacquainted with, inexperienced in, etc. (cf. imperitus).
• • • • • α Absol.: consilium, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61 (189); cf.: forma ingenii impolita et plane rudis, Cic. Brut. 85, 294: incohata ac rudia, id. de Or. 1, 2, 5: quae rudia atque imperfecta adhuc erant, Quint. 3, 1, 7: rudia et incomposita, id. 9, 4, 17: vox surda, rudis, immanis, dura, etc., id. 11, 3, 32: modulatio, id. 1, 10, 16; cf.: modus (tibicinis), Ov. A. A. 1, 111: rude et Graecis intactum carmen, Hor. S. 1, 10, 66: stilus (with confusus), Quint. 1, 1, 28; 12, 10, 3: animi, id. 1, 10, 9 (with agrestes); 1, 1, 36: adhuc ingenia, id. 1, 2, 27; cf. ingenium, Hor. A. P. 410: rudis fuit vita priscorum et sine litteris, Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 284: saeculum, Quint. 2, 5, 23; 12, 11, 23; Tac. H. 1, 86: anni, i.e. young, early, Quint. 1, 1, 5; Tac. A. 13, 16 fin.; cf.: adhuc aetas, id. ib. 4, 8: rudem me et integrum discipulum accipe et ea, quae requiro, doce, Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 7; Quint. 2, 3, 3; 3, 6, 83: Aeschylus rudis in plerisque et incompositus, id. 10, 1, 66: tam eram rudis? tam ignarus rerum? etc., Cic. Sest. 21, 47; so (with ignarus) Quint. 1, 8, 4: rudis ac stultus, id. 11, 3, 76: illi rudes homines primique, id. 8, 3, 36; 10, 2, 5: illi rudes ac bellicosi, id. 1, 10, 20: nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer, Hor. C. 3, 24, 54.—
        • β With in and abl.: cum superiores alii fuissent in disputationibus perpoliti, alii in disserendo rudes, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: (oratorem) nullā in re tironem ac rudem esse debere, id. de Or. 1, 50, 218; (with hebes) id. ib. 1, 58, 248: rudis in re publicā, id. Phil. 6, 6, 17: in causā, id. Fam. 4, 1, 1: in jure civili, id. de Or. 1, 10, 40: in minoribus navigiis, id. ib. 1, 38, 174: omnino in nostris poëtis, id. Fin. 1, 2, 5: sermo nullā in re, id. de Or. 1, 8, 32.—With simple abl. (very rare): Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis, Ov. Tr. 2, 424: arte, Stat. Th. 6, 437: studiis, Vell. 2, 73, 1.—
        • γ With gen.: imperiti homines rerum omnium rudes ignarique, Cic. Fl. 7, 16: dicat se non imperitum foederis, non rudem exemplorum, non ignarum belli fuisse, id. Balb. 20, 47: provinciae rudis, id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: Graecarum litterarum, id. Off. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1: rei militaris, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 1, 2: harum rerum, id. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87: artium, Liv. 1, 7: bonarum artium, Tac. A. 1, 3: facinorum, id. ib. 12, 51: agminum, Hor. C. 3, 2, 9: civilis belli, id. Ep. 2, 2, 47; cf.: bellorum (elephanti), Flor. 4, 2, 67: operum conjugiique, Ov. F. 4, 336: somni, i.e. sleepless, id. M. 7, 213: dicendi, Tac. A. 1, 29.—
        • δ With ad (very rare): rudem ad pedestria bella Numidarum gentem esse, Liv. 24, 48, 5: ad quae (spectacula) rudes tum Romani erant, id. 45, 32, 10; 10, 22, 6; 21, 25, 6: ad partus, Ov. H. 11, 48: ad mala, id. P. 3, 7, 18: rudes adhuc ad resistendum populos, Just. 1, 1, 5: rudis natio ad voluptates, Curt. 6, 21, 9; 8, 8, 24.—
        • ε With dat. (very rare): fontes rudes puellis, i.e. strange, Mart. 6, 42, 4.—
        • ζ With inf.: nec ferre rudis medicamina, Sil. 6, 90: Martem rudis versare, id. 8, 262.— Comp., sup., and adv. do not occur.

rŭdis, is, f. (abl. sing. rudi, Capitol. Opil. Macr. 4, 5), a slender stick or rod.

• I To stir with in cooking; a stirring-stick, spatula: versato crebro duabus rudibus, Cato R. R. 79; so, ferreae, Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 170; cf. rudicula.—
• II A staff used by soldiers and gladiators in their exercises (perh. a wooden sword), answering to a quarter-staff, a foil (freq. and class.): (milites) rudibus inter se in modum justae pugnae concurrerunt, Liv. 26, 51; 40, 6 and 9 Drak. N. cr. (al. sudibus); Ov. Am. 2, 9, 22; id. A. A. 3, 515: rudibus batuere, Suet. Calig. 32.—Hence, transf.: PRIMA or SVMMA RVDIS (also in one word, SVMMARVDIS), the first or head fencer, the fencing-master, Inscr. Orell. 2575; 2584: SECVNDA RVDIS, the second fencer, the fencing-master’s assistant, ib. 2573 sq.—A gladiator received such a rudis when honorably discharged (whence he was called rudiarius): tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito accepisti? Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74: acceptā rude, Juv. 6, 113: essedario rudem indulgere, Suet. Claud. 21.—And hence transf. to other persons who receive an honorable discharge: tardā vires minuente senectā, Me quoque donari jam rude tempus erat, i.e. to dismiss, discharge, Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 24; id. Am. 2, 9, 22; cf.: spectatum satis et donatum jam rude, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 2 (v. Orell. ad h. l.): ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, Juv. 7, 171; Mart. 3, 36, 10.

1. rudis, e, unbearbeitet, ungebildet, kunstlos, roh, wild, I) eig.: a) von Lebl.: terra, Varro: ager, Colum.: r. atque infecta materies, Petron.: r. indigestaque moles (v. Chaos), Ov.: marmor, saxum, Quint.: aes (Ggstz. aes signatum), Plin.: hasta, Verg.: novacula (neben retusa), Petron.: caementum (neben informes tegulae), Tac. dial. – lana, rohe (noch ungesponnene), Ov. u. Stat.: textum, rohes, grobes, Ov.: so vestis, Ov. (aber vestes rudes, noch ungetragene, Edict. Diocl. 7, 54 sqq.): capilli, ungeordnetes, Sen. poët.: herba, rohes, wildes, Mart.: uva, harte, unreife, Mart. – neutr. pl. subst., detrahit doctrina aliquid, ut lima rudibus (rohen Gegenständen) et cotes habetibus, Quint. 2, 12, 8. – b) poet. v. leb. Wesen, jung, neu, Amphitrite, ungewohnte, Catull.: agna, Mart.: nati rudes, neugeborene Kinder, Val. Flacc. – II) übtr., roh, unausgebildet, naturwüchsig, kunstlos, ungebildet, ungeschickt, unkundig, unerfahren, a) absol.: forma quaedam ingenii admodum impolita et plane rudis, Cic.: quae pueris nobis ex commentariolis nostris inchoata ac rudia excĭderunt, Cic.: quae rudia atque imperfecta adhuc erant, Quint.: esse illa rudibus et incompositis similia, Quint. – vox r., rohe, Quint.: vox incondita ac rudis (kunstlose), Tac.: r. modulatio, Quint.: modus (tibicinis), Ov.: r. in militari homine lingua, rohe, ungeübte Sprache, Liv. – stilus (neben confusus), Quint.: rudia prope primordia ac velut futurae mox artis (picturae), Quint.: animi (neben agrestes), Quint. u. (= noch unerfahrene in der Liebe) Prop.: ingenium, Quint. u. Hor.: r. vita priscorum et sine litteris, Plin.: saeculum, Quint. u. Tac.: anni, junge, frühe, Quint.: r. adhuc aetas, Quint. – v. Pers., r. et integer discipulus, Cic.: tam eram rudis? tam ignarus rerum? tam expers consilii? etc., Cic.: illi rudes ac bellicosi, Quint.: nescit equo rudis haerere ingenuus puer, Hor.: filia r., die noch in der Liebe unerfahrene, die unschuldige, Mart. – b) m. in u. Abl. od. (selten) m. bl. Abl.: alii in disputationibus perpoliti, alii in disserendo rudes, Cic.: nulla in re tironem ac rudem esse, Cic.: in communi vita et vulgari hominum consuetudine nec hebetem nec rudem esse, Cic.: rudis in re navali erat, Liv.: sive in amore rudis sive peritus erit, Prop.: r. in re publica, in causa, in iure civili, Cic.: r. omnino in nostris poëtis, Cic.: rudis in plerisque et incompositus, steif u. ungelenk (v. Aristophanes), Quint.: r. sermo nulla in re, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis, Ov.: r. studiis, Vell. – c) mit ad u. Akk.: r. ad pedestria bella gens, Liv.: r. natio ad voluptates, Curt.: r. ad partus, Ov.; vgl. Fabri u. Wölffl. Liv. 21, 25, 6. Weißenb. Liv. 35, 26, 3. Drak. Liv. 45, 32, 10. – d) m. Dat.: fontes rudes puellis, den M. fremd, von M. unbesucht, Mart. 6, 42, 4. – e) m. Genet.: imperiti homines rerum omnium rudes ignarique, Cic.: dicat se non imperitum foederis, non rudem exemplorum, non ignarum belli fuisse, Cic.: (Verres) non provinciae rudis erat et tiro, sed Siciliae, Cic.: non modo Graecarum litterarum rudes, sed etiam docti aliquantum, Cic.: r. rei militaris, Cic.: r. artium, Liv.: r. bonarum artium, Tac.: r. bellorum, v. Elefanten, Flor.: r. somni, schlaflos, Ov.: r. dicendi, Tac.: tractandi animos, Curt. – f) m. Infin., Sil. 6, 90; 8, 260.

2. rudis, is, f., jeder dünne Stab, I) zum Umrühren, Kelle, Rührlöffel, Quirl, Cato u. Plin. – II) ein Stab zu Fechtübungen der Soldaten und Gladiatoren, etwa Rappier, Liv., Suet. u.a. – einen solchen Stab erhielt der ausgediente Fechter als Zeichen der völligen Befreiung vom Kampfe od. der erlangten Meisterschaft, tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito accepisti? Cic. Phil. 2, 74: acceptā rudi, Capit.: essedario indulgere rudem, Suet. – dah. übtr. v. der Befreiung von gewissen Pflichten oder Verrichtungen, me donari iam rude tempus erat, mich zu entlassen, Ov.: u. so donatum iam rude, des Dienstes schon entlassen, Hor.: me meruisse rudem, Mart. – ➳ Abl. Sing. gew. rude, selten rudi, wie Capit. Opil. Macr. 4, 5.

1 rudis [CL], rudus 1 (of material) that is in its natural state, crude, unwrought. primum et ~e aurum solet esse purissimum Bede Prov. 952A; lamina quedam ~is auri fuit Andr. S. Vict. Dan. 108; chaos, vocaverunt ylen, molem sc. indigestam, ~emque materiam H. Reading (I) Hexaem. 1254B; cum ~em materiam historie aut argumenti ‥ suscepissent J. Sal. Met. 854B; sunt ‥ quedam terrarum vene, in quibus aurum mox in ipsa superficie etiam ~i ad querendum continuo et absque ulla difficultate quasi se offerat H. Bos. LM 1338A; sic inmensum illud simulacrum in antiquum chaos et ~em materiam redegit Greg. Mir. Rom. 6. 2 a (of thing in nature) undeveloped. b (of artefact) roughly fashioned, without polish, crude. a nam quatuor elementa, viz. terra, aqua, aer, et ignis, in hoc statu miserie corpus humanum componencia, reddunt ipsum corpus obscurum, passibile, tardum, et ~e Spec. Incl. 4. 2.  b cui vestis textura rudis, cui non fuit umquam / ante sitim potus nec cibus ante famem (Hildebert) W. Malm. GR III 284; cathenarum ~ium et rudentum forcium conjugantur federe Ps.-Elmh. Hen. V 37. 3 rough, uncultivated, uneducated, boorish: a (of person); b (of mind, sense, or sim.); c (of style of speaking or writing). d (of animal) untamed. a ea quae Moyses ~i populo carnaliter observanda praecepit Bede Luke 596A; in ~em officiorum immutatorem cervicositas magnatorum damnabiliter elata est Ord. Vit. XII 48 p. 499; a1162 gens enim ~is et indomita, bestiali more vivens Ep. J. Sal. 53 (87); ipse vero populum videns ~um et indoctum ipsos instruxit domos edificare Eul. Hist. I 301; e manibus Rob. Redman, sed verius Rudeman, quia inter mille homines ~iorem haud facile invenies Treat. J. P. 16n.  b doctrina ‥ qua ~es credentium animos necesse est confirmari Bede Cant. 1131C; silvestres animos et ~em hebetudinem Gosc. Transl. Mild. 21; et nunc mente rudi penetrabo palatia celi? L. Durh. Dial. IV 487; quod sensus ~is fallitur nec firmum potest offerre judicium J. Sal. Met. 923B.  c ~i ‥ et agresti stilo ‥ congesta Gir. TH intr.; amor ‥ ~em linguam meam movet J. Godard Ep. 220.  d 1410 sic quod nullus eorundem ‥ decetero inparcabit ‥ aliquas bestias ‥ intrantes in separales terras ‥ nisi solummodo fuerit nimis ~is et incastigabilis bestia que fregerit dictam clausuram (Indent.) EHR XXXVII 410. 4 a (of person) inexperienced, untrained, young. b (of artefact) new; c (of the New Testament); d (of institution or abstr.). a recenti ~oque adhuc populo Dei V. Greg. p. 89; taliter se agere studeant quatenus ‥ hi qui ~es sunt adhuc in Christo proficere valeant Bede Cant. 1202D; Lanfrancus, qui erat adhuc ~is Anglus, quesivit ‥ qui esset ordo sedendi in concilio antiquo more statutus W. Malm. GR III 301; preficiebatur hiis aliquis doctus et ministerii eorum peritus qui, dum ~es essent anni et tractabiles animis, teneram eorum etatem informaret Andr. S. Vict. Dan. 10; ~is, novus vel noviter instructus Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 506; quam [sc. traditionem] quia ~ibus arduam novi, huic tractatui minus idoneam judicavi Alb. Lond. DG 6. 7.  b 801 quidam vero volentes ~is panni assumentum veteri inmittere vestimento, et pejorem facere scissuram [cf. Matth. ix 16, Marc. ii 21] Alcuin Ep. 212.  c c675 spreta ~is ac Veteris Instrumenti inextricabili norma Aldh. Ep. 3; et radio ~is Testamenti coruscante Redemptor noster caelesti claviculario ‥ respondit Id. Met. II p. 68; nam Rudis et Priscae Legis patefecit abyssum Id. VirgV 1625; Rudis et Veteris Legis patefecit abyssum Alcuin SS Ebor 1449.  d quod ab ipso tenerrimae ~isque infantiae nutritore ceteris ruminandum et ructandum gratuita praecurrente gratia accepisse meruerunt Aldh. Met. 2 p. 67; sed quid mirum, jam ~i [gl.: i. nova] coruscante gratia, postquam virgo virginem sancto puerperio peperit Id. VirgP 53; propter confusionem multiplicis idolatriae in cujus medio sancta ecclesia jam ~is et perparva fulgebat Bede Ep. Cath. 67B; vestrae ‥ notum est prudentiae quia numquam tanta benignitatis opus est exhibitione, quanta in nova et ~i de reprobis ad probos mores conversione Anselm (Ep. 67) III 187; Herbertus gubernaculum ~is abbatie usurpavit Ord. Vit. XII 31 p. 430.

2 rudis [CL], staff. incumbensque rudi, gemmis quae fulsit et auro, / accessit qua membra jacent vexata miselli Wulf. Swith. I 623; hinc rude protensa videas expendere pensa R. Cant. Malch. III 559.

1 rŭdis, (9) e, ¶ 1 qui nʼest pas travaillé, brut, cf. Cincius d. Fest. 265 ; [en parl. de la terre] Varro R. 1, 44, 2 ; Virg. G. 2, 211 ; Ov. M. 5, 646 ; [de la pierre] Quint. 9, 4, 27 ; [du marbre] Quint. 2, 19, 3 ; [de la laine] Ov. M. 6, 19, etc. || n. pl. rudia Quint. 2, 12, 8, les objets bruts || [poét.] nouveau, jeune, neuf : Luc. 3, 193 ; Mart. 7, 95, 8 ; 9, 71, 6 ¶ 2 [fig.] qui nʼest pas dégrossi, inculte, grossier, ignorant : Cic. Br. 294 ; Sest. 47, etc. ; rudis et integer discipulus Cic. Nat. 3, 7, disciple tout neuf et nʼayant reçu aucune empreinte ; quæ pueris nobis ex commentariolis nostris inchoata ac rudia exciderunt Cic. de Or. 1, 5, les ébauches informes que dans ma première jeunesse jʼai laissé échapper de mes cahiers dʼécole || [avec gén.] : rei militaris Cic. Ac. 2, 2, ignorant tout de lʼart militaire, cf. Cic. Fl. 16 ; Balbo 47 ; Verr. 2, 2, 17 ; Off. 1, 1 ; Nep. Pel. 1, 1 || [avec in et abl.] : rudis omnino in nostris poetis Cic. Fin. 1, 5, tout à fait ignorant de notre poésie ; in disserendo Cic. Rep. 1, 13, étranger à lʼart dʼargumenter, cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 218 ; Phil. 6, 17, etc. || [avec abl. seul] : Ov. Tr. 2, 1, 424 ; Stat. Th. 6, 437 ; Vell. 2, 73, 1 || [avec ad ] Liv. 24, 48, 5 ; 21, 25, 6 ; 45, 32, 10 ; Ov. H. 11, 48 ; P. 3, 7, 18 ; Curt. 6, 6, 9 || [avec dat.] : fontes rudes puellis Mart. 6, 42, 4, sources étrangères aux jeunes filles || [avec inf.] Sil. 6, 90 ; 8, 262.

➳ ni comp. ni superl.

2 rŭdis, (12) is, f. , baguette, ¶ 1 baguette dont se servaient les soldats et les gladiateurs dans leurs exercices, cf. fleuret : Liv. 26, 51, 4 ; Suet. Cal. 32 || baguette dʼhonneur, donnée au gladiateur mis en congé après son temps fini : rudem accipere Cic. Phil. 2, 74, recevoir son congé, être licencié, cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 2 ; Juv. 6, 113 ; Suet. Claud. 21 ¶ 2 spatule : Cato Agr. 79 ; 104, 2 ; 106, 1 ; Plin. 34, 170.

➳ abl. rude ; qqf. rudi, cf. Macr. Sat. 4, 5.

rudis , is. f.
老舞刀之粗杖。杓。Donare rude vel dare rudem 寬免其本分。卸任。

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rudis , e. adj.
愚蠢。蒙。無識者。— ad bellum vel — rei militaris 不識戰謀。Ad mala rudis 未經遇災難。Lanae rudes 未修之羊毛。Ingenium rude 性怵。

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rudis (1) e, adj.

• 1 RAD-, unwrought, untilled, unformed, unused, rough, raw, wild: campus, V.: humus, O.: signa, O.: hasta, V.: textum, coarse, O.: Illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten, inexperienced, Ct.—Fig., rude, unpolished, uncultivated, unskilled, awkward, clumsy, ignorant: forma ingeni: modus (tibicinis), O.: carmen, H.: discipulus: nescit equo rudis Haerere puer, H.: con iunx, Quae tantum lunas non sinit esse rudīs, O.: in disserendo: in re p. navali, L.: sermo nullā in re: Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis, O.: homines rerum omnium rudes ignarique: Graecarum litterarum: artium, L.: somni, i. e. sleepless, O.: gens ad oppugnandarum urbium artīs, L.: ad partūs, O.: natio ad voluptates, Cu.

rudis (2) is, f

• a slender stick, staff for exercise in fighting, quarter-staff, foil: (milites) rudibus inter se concurrerunt, L.: rudibus relictis Spicula promit, O.: rudem tam cito (accepisti)? (the gladiator received the rudis when discharged from service): acceptā rude, Iu.—As a symbol of honorable discharge: Me quoque donari iam rude tempus erat, i. e. to be dismissed, O.: donatus iam rude, H.: sibi dabit ipse rudem, Iu.

RUDIS

RUDIS[GLADIATORES]

Rudis

The wooden foil of the gladiators. On the discharge of a gladiator from further service, he was presented with a rudis marked with the letters SP (i. e. spectatus). Cf. Hor. Epist. i. 1, 2, with the commentators. See gladiatores.