Logeion | ἀλείφω

ἀλείφω, Hdt. 3.8, etc.: fut. -ψω LXX Ex. 40.15, (ἐξ-) E. IA 1486, Pl. R. 386c: aor. ἤλειψα Hom., Att., Ep. ἄλειψα Od. 12.177: pf. ἀλήλῐφα (ἀπ-) D. 52.2):—Med., fut. -ψομαι Th. 4.68: aor. ἠλειψάμην Att., Ep. ἀλ- Il. 14.171:—Pass., fut. ἀλειφθήσομαι (ἐξ-) D. 25.73: aor. 1 ἠλείφθην Hp. Morb. 4.54, Pl. Ly. 217c, etc.: aor. 2 ἐξ-ηλίφην v.l. in Pl. Phdr. 258b, (ἀπ-) D.C. 55.3: pf ἀλήλιμμαι Th. 4.68, (ἐξ-, ὑπ-) D. 25.70, X. Oec. 10.6 (-ει- is freq. found in pf. forms in codd.): (ἀ-, euph., λιπ-, cf. λίπος):—

anoint the skin with oil, as was done after bathing, Act. referring to another, Med. to oneself, λοῦσαι κέλετʼ ἀμφί τʼ ἀλεῖψαι Il. 24.582; Hom. elsewh. always adds λίπα or λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ (v. sub λίπα), πάντα λοέσσατο καὶ λίπʼ ἄλειψεν Od. 6.227; λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ Il. 10.577, cf. 14.171, 18.350: later of anointing for gymnastic exercises, λίπα μετὰ τοῦ γυμνάζεσθαι ἠλείψαντο Th. 1.6; generally, λίπα ἀλείφεσθαι Id. 4.68; βακκάρι ῥῖνας Hippon. 41; of anointing the sick, Men. Georg. 60, cf. Ep.Jac. 5.14.
- - 2 supply oil for gymnasts, ἀλειφούσης τῆς πόλεως CIG (add.) 1957g (Maced.); ἀ. πανήγυριν, ἔθνη, Inscr.Magn. 163, OGI 533.47 (Ancyra); οἱ -όμενοι youths undergoing gymnastic training, ib. 339.72 (Sestos), etc.; οἱ ἀ. ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ ib. 764.5 (Pergam.), al.; ἀλείφεσθαι παρά τινι to attend a gymnastic school, Arr. Epict. 1.2.26.
  - 3 polish, τράπεζαν Diph. 74; δακτύλιον Thphr. Char. 21; ἀγάλματα Artem. 2.33.
  - 4 metaph., prepare as if for gymnastics, encourage, stimulate, instigate, Demad. 17, Pl. ap. D.L. 4.6; ἐπὶ τὴν πολιτικὴν ἀγωνίαν Phld. Rh. 2.59 S.; τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸν Κλώδιον App. BC 2.16, cf. Plu. Them. 3; τινὰ κατά τινος Ph. 1.549; τινὰ ἐπὶ φαρμακείαν App. Mac. 11.7:—Pass., τοὺς -ομένους ἐπί τι Phld. Rh. 2.158 S.
- II daub, plaster, besmear, οὔατα ἀλεῖψαι stop up ears, Od. 12.47, 177, 200; ἀ. αἵματι Hdt. 3.8; μίλτῳ X. Oec. 10.5; ψιμυθίῳ Pl. Ly. 217d; κυανῷ Paus. 5.11.5.

I

1 untar, ungir, frotar con ungüentos u óleo los cadáveres λοῦσάν τε καὶ ἤλειψαν λίπ' ἐλαίῳ Il.18.350, cf. 24.582, Eu.Marc.16.1

• c. fines curativos ἀλείφουσιν ἐλαίῳ κεδρίνῳ Arist.HA 583^a23, cf. Men.Georg.60, Ep.Iac.5.14

• para aseo y adorno personal πάντα ἤλειψεν λίπ' ἐλαίῳ Od.19.505, βακκάρι δὲ τὰς ῥῖνας ἤλειφον Hippon.107.22, esp. c. el mismo sentido en v. med. τὼ δὲ λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω Il.10.577, de Hera ἀλείψατο δὲ λίπ' ἐλαίῳ ἀμβροσίῳ Il.14.171, cf. 175

• en v. med. darse perfumes, perfumarse con perfumes a base de aceites οὐκ ἂν μύροισι γρηῢς ἐοῦσ' ἠλείφευ Archil.83, cf. Semon.8.64, κἠλειφόμην μύροισι ... καὶ βακκάρι Semon.15.

2 frotar con aceite, dar brillo, engrasar εὖ ποιήσεις δοὺς Οὐεστείνῳ ... ζυγόδεσμον καινὸν στερεόν, ὃ καὶ ἀλείψεις ἐπιμελῶς PFay.121.6 (II d.C.)

• c. fines rituales ungir, frotar con aceite δακτυλίδιον Thphr.Char.21.10, ἤλειψάς μοι ἐκεῖ στήλην LXX Ge.31.13, ἀγάλματα Artem.2.33, ἔχρισε λίθων κενεῶνας ἀλείψας Nonn.D.37.64

• consagrar LXX Ex.40.15, ἱερεῖς οἱ ἠλειμμένοι LXX Nu.3.3

• como rito de exorcismo, Cyr.H.Catech.20.3.

3 v. pas. ser frotado o aplicado como el aceite o como un ungüento ὁ δὲ μυελὸς αὐτοῦ (καμήλου) σὺν ῥοδίνῳ ἀλειφόμενος τῇ κεφαλῇ Cyran.2.18.13, cf. 2.29.4.

II en cont. gimnásticos o atléticos

1 v. med. frotarse con aceite o ungüento antes de los ejercicios gimnásticos λίπα μετὰ τοῦ γυμνάζεσθαι ἠλείψαντο Th.1.6, cf. 4.68, Plb.30.26.1, antes de la batalla, Plb.3.72.6

• subst. οἱ ἀλειφόμενοι gimnastas, atletas, ISestos 1.72 (II a.C.), ID 1929.1 (II/I a.C.), OGI 764.5 (Pérgamo I a.C.), παρὰ τῷ Βάτωνι ἀλειφόμενος que asiste al gimnasio de Batón Arr.Epict.1.2.26.

2 act. preparar, entrenar a un atleta PCair.Zen.60.2 (III a.C.)

• fig. instigar, azuzar ἐπὶ τὴν [π]ολιτικὴν ἀ[γω]νίαν Phld.Rh.2.59, τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸν Κλώδιον App.BC 2.16, ἐχθρὸν ἀ. κατὰ σεαυτοῦ Ph.1.549, cf. Demad.87.17.

3 suministrar el aceite para el gimnasio ἤλι[ψ]εν δι' ὅλου τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ [τὰ τ]ρία ἔθνη Robert, Les Gladiateurs 86.53 (Ancira I d.C.), πανήγυριν IM 163.4 (I d.C.), πολίτας πάντας IPr.123.7 (imper.), abs. φιλοτίμως ἀλείφοντι IGLAlex.101.4 (III d.C.), cf. IG 10(2).2.325.4 (I d.C.).

III sin rel. c. el aceite

1 cubrir, recubrir con cera οὔατα Od.12.47, 177, 200

• c. dat. αἵματι Hdt.3.8, con pez τὰς ὀροφὰς τῇ πίττῃ IG 2².1672.180, cf. 13 (IV a.C.), IG 11(2).219A.46 (III a.C.), χρυσῷ δὲ ὅλον ἀλήλ[ε]ιπτο Cyr.Al.M.68.617B

• fig. regar, poner perdido οὐκ ἀλλ' ἀλείψας τὴν τράπεζαν τῇ χολῇ Diph.75, ἀλεῖψαι βούλομαί σε un perro a un Hermes, Babr.48.4.

2 pintar μίλτῳ X.Oec.10.5, ψιμυθίῳ Pl.Ly.217d, κυάνῳ Paus.5.11.5, ὀφθαλμοῖς μέλασιν ὡς ἠλειμμένοις Hippol.Haer.4.17.1.

3 fig. impregnar de c. ac. δυσωδίαν Ign.Eph.17.1.
•De *lei-bh-, c. vocal protética; c. otro alargamiento *lei-p- cf. λιπαρός.

ἀλείφω (f. ἀλείψω ; ao. ἤλειψα, pf. ἀλήλιφα [ῐ]; pass. ao. ἠλείφθην, pf. ἀλήλιμμαι) [ᾰ]

1 graisser, oindre, particul. en parl. d’athlètes : ἀ. ἐλαίῳ, Il. 18, 350, ou abs. ἀλείφειν, Il. 24, 582 ; Od. 6, 227, oindre d’huile, frotter d’huile ; p. suite, préparer à la lutte, d’où exciter, encourager, Démad. 180, 29 ; Plat. (DL. 4, 6); τινὰ ἐπί τινα, App. Civ. 2, 16, exciter qqn contre qqn ; p. anal. préparer, en gén.: ἀ. ἑαυτὸν ἐπί τι, Plut. Them. 3, se préparer à qqe ch. (à une lutte, etc.) ||

2 enduire, en gén. (de cire, de fard, etc.) Od. 12, 47 ; Hdt. 3, 8 ; Xén. Œc. 10, 5 ; Plat. Lys. 217d ||

Moy. (f. ἀλείψομαι, ao. ἠλειψάμην) s’enduire soi-même, Il. 10, 577, etc. ; Thc. 1, 6 ; 4, 68 ||

➳ Formes poét. ou rares : Impf. 3 sg. poét. ἄλειφε, Od. 10, 392. Ao. poét. ἄλειψα, Od. 12, 177. Pass. ao. 2 ἠλίφην, Jos. B.J. 2, 8, 3. Pf. réc. ἤλειμμαι, Geop. 7, 8, 9. Moy. ao. poét. ἀλειψάμην, Il. 14, 171.

Étym. p.-ê. R. indo-europ. *h₂leibh-, onguent, cf. ἀλίνω, lat. linō ou p.-ê. pré-grec ; non apparenté à λίπα.

ἀλείφω, ep. aor. ἄλειψα; perf. med. ἀλήλιμμαι
1. zalven, insmeren met olie; med. zich zalven of insmeren met olie.
2. bestrijken, besmeren, met acc.; smeren op, met ἐπί + dat.: κηρὸν ... ὅν σφιν ἐπ’ ὠσὶν ἄλειψα de was die ik hen op de oren had gesmeerd Od. 12.200; pass.: τὸ ἐπαλειφθέν dat wat erop is gesmeerd Plat. Lys. 217c.
3. overdr. ‘zich insmeren voor’, zich voorbereiden op, met ἐπί + acc.: ἐφ’ οὓς ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς ὅλης Ἑλλάδος ἤλειφε (gevechten) waarvoor hij zich ten behoeve van heel Griekenland warmliep (d.w.z. waarop hij zich voorbereidde) Plut. Them. 3.5.

ἀλείφω, (λίπος), salben ; Hom. sechsmal, Il. 14.171, 175 ἀλείψατο δὲ λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ ἀμβροσίῳ ἑδανῷ, τό ῥά οἱ τεθυωμένον ἦεν·… τῷ ῥʼ ἥ γε χρόα καλὸν ἀλειψαμένη, 10.577 τὼ δὲ λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ ; in derselben Bedeutung, sich salben, das act. Od. 6.227 πάντα λοέσσατο καὶ λίπʼ ἄλειψεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσατο ; einen Anderen, Od. 19.505 νίψεν τε καὶ ἤλειψεν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ, Il. 18.350 λοῦσάν τε καὶ ἤλειψαν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ ; – Thuc. 1.6 λίπα μετὰ τοῦ γυμνάζεσθαι ἠλείψαντο, vgl. 4.68 ; Plat. übh. bestreichen, χρώματι τρίχας ψιμυθίῳ Lys. 217c.d ; ἀλείφει αἵματι λίθους Her. 3.8 ; μίλτῳ Xen. Oec. 10.5 ; Sp. bes. zum Ringkampf salben, Inscr. 108 ; dah. allgemein : vorbereiten, anreizen, ἤλειφεν ἑαυτὸν ἐπὶ μείζονας ἀγῶνας Plut. Them. 3, vgl. Demod. 17. – Perf. pass. ἀλήλιμμαι Luc. Alex. 30, ἀλήλειπται Pisc. 24.36 ; LXX. auch ἤλειμμαι ; neben ἠλείφθην ἐξηλίφην ; vgl. die Komposita u. Lobeck Phryn. 31.

†ἀλείφω

Aor. ἄλειψα Od. 12.177, 200.

3 sing. ἤλειψε Od. 19.505. ἄλειψε Od. 6.227.

3 pl. ἤλειψαν Il. 18.350.

Infin. ἀλεῖψαι Il. 24.582: Od. 12.47.

3 sing. aor. mid. ἀλείψατο Il. 14.171.

Nom. dual masc. pple. ἀλειψαμένω Il. 10.577.

Nom. fem. ἀλειψαμένη Il. 14.175.

(προσ-.)

- 1
  To oil, anoint with oil Il. 18.350, Il. 24.582: Od. 6.227, Od. 19.505.
- 2
  To stop (the ears) with wax: ἐπʼ οὔατʼ ἀλεῖψαι (ἄλειψα) Od. 12.47, 177.
  
  To put (wax) in the ears Od. 12.200.
- 3
  In mid., to anoint oneself: ἀλείψατο λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ Il. 14.171. Cf. Il. 10.577, Il. 14.175.

Number of occurrences in NT: 9
Strong 218

ἀλείφω (cf. λίπος, oil), [in LXX: Ge 31:13, Ex 40:15, Nu 3:3 (משׁח), Ez 13:10 ff. (טוח), Ru 3:3, II Ki 12:20 14:2, IV Ki 4:2, II Ch 28:15, Mi 6:15, Da LXX TH 10:3 (סוךְ), Es 2:12, Jth 16:8*;]

to anoint, festally or in homage: c. acc rei or pers., Mt 6:17, Jo 12:3, Mk 16:1; seq. dat., ἐλαίῳ, Mk 6:13, Ja 5:14; μύρῳ, Lk 7:38, 46, Jo 11:2.†

SYN.: χρίω, μυρίζω (against the distinction made bet. ἀ. and χ. in Tr., Syn., § 38, v. MM, VGT, s.v., ἀ.)

ungir

a con aceite

λαβὼν ἔλαιον ... ἄλειφε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροοστέου μέχρι τῶν ποδῶν
toma aceite y úngete desde el hueso sacro hasta los pies P VII 212

b con una mixtura

αὐτ[ῷ] ἄλειψον ... τῷ συνθέματι τούτῳ
úngete en su honor con la siguiente mixtura P II 74

ἀλείφω (λίπα), aor. ἤλειψα and ἀλ., mid. ἀλειψάμην: anoint, usually λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ, but of smearing with wax, Od. 12.200.

ἀλείφω From Root !lip, with α prefixed, v. λίπος

- Ito anoint with oil, oil the skin, as was done after bathing, or before gymnastic exercises, the Act. referring to the act of another, Mid. to oneself, Il.; often with λίπα added (v. λίπα):— metaph. to prepare as if for gymnastics, to stimulate, Plat., etc.
- IIlike ἐπαλείφω, to plaster, οὔατα ἀλεῖψαι to stop up the ears, Od.

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