Ὀδυσσεύς
Ὀδυσσεύς, Odysseus
- Odysseus, king of Ithaca, hero of the Odyssey: in Hom. also Ὀδῠσεύς; gen. Ὀδῠσεῦς Od. 24.398; acc. Ὀδυσσέα (last syll. short before a vowel) 17.301; Ὀδυσσέα (⏑_ _) S. Aj. 104, Ὀδυσσῆ Pi. N. 8.26, Ὀδυσσῆα Od. 5.149, Ὀδῠσῆα 1.74, 83, al.: Οὑδυσσεύς, crasis for ὁ Ὀδ., S. Ph. 572: pl., Ὀδυσσέας E. Rh. 866.—On the mythic etym. of the name in Hom., v. ὀδύσσομαι:—Adj. Ὀδύσσειος, α, ον, Tz.ad Lyc. 1030, etc.; Ὀδύσσεια, τά, games in honour of Odysseus, Schwyzer 434.16 (Magn. Mae., iii B. C.); Ὀδύσσειον, τό, temple of Odysseus, ib. 2; Ep. Ὀδῠσήϊος Od. 18.353.
- Genit. Ὀδυσεῦς 398
- (ἀγακλυτός, ἀμύμων, ἄναξ, ἀντίθεος, δαΐφρων, Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντος, διίφιλος, διογενής, δῖος, δόλων ἆτος ἠδὲ πόνοιο, δουρικλυτός, ἐσθλός, θεῖος, θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιος, θρασύς, Ἰθακήσιος, κλυτός, κρατερός, κυδάλιμος, Λαερτιάδης, μεγάθυμος, μεγαλήτωρ, ποικιλομήτης, πολύαινος, πολύμητις, πολυμήχανος, πολύτλας δῖος, πολύτροπος, πολύφρων, πτολίπορθος, πτολιπόρθιος, ταλασίφρων, τλήμων, φαίδιμος).
- (For the significance of the name see Od. 19.406.)
- Only son of Laertes and Anticleia, brother of Ctimene, husband of Penelope and father of Telemachus.
- In command of the ship conveying Chryseis to her father Il. 1.311, 430;
- Athene urges him to stop the flight homeward of the Greeks Il. 2.169,
- he deals with Thersites 244,
- exhorts the host 278;
- his followers enumerated Il. 2.631;
- described by Helen to Priam Il. 3.191;
- visited by Agamemnon in his inspection Il. 4.329;
- accepts Hector’s challenge but does not get the lot Il. 7.168;
- neglects the disabled Nestor Il. 8.97;
- is one of the embassy to Achilles Il. 9.169,
- his speech 225,
- announces the result 677;
- wakened by Nestor Il. 10.137,
- offers to go with Diomedes to penetrate the hostile lines 231 (see further under Diomedes); comes to the help of the wounded Diomedes Il. 11.396,
- is cut off 401,
- after doing much execution is wounded by Socus 434,
- kills him 447,
- is rescued by Menelaus and Aias-1 465;
- reproves Agamemnon Il. 14.83;
- advises against renewing the fight fasting Il. 19.155, 216,
- superintends the conveyance of the gifts to Achilles 238; his drawn wrestling-match with Aias-1 Il. 23.708,
- wins the foot-race 755;
- etc. : his adventures on his way home; the Cicones Od. 9.39,
- the Lotus-eaters 82,
- the Cyclops 105,
- the island of Aeolus Od. 10.1,
- the Laestrygonians (all the ships lost but his) 80,
- Circe’s island 135,
- Oceanus, the Cimmerians, the Shades Od. 11.13,
- return to Circe’s island Od. 12.1,
- the Sirens 146,
- smoke, breakers, roaring 201,
- Scylla and Charybdis 223,
- Thrinacia, the oxen of the Sun 260,
- the ship wrecked by violence of the wind, himself the only survivor 403,
- Scylla and Charybdis again 430,
- reaches Calypso’s island 447,
- Hermes comes from Zeus to bid C. let him go Od. 5.29,
- he builds his raft 234,
- sets sail 269,
- Poseidon raises the sea 291,
- the raft shattered 313,
- Ino comes to his aid 333,
- lands in the mouth of a Phaeacian river and falls asleep 451,
- wakened by Nausicaa’s maidens Od. 6.117,
- his appeal to Nausicaa 149,
- she conducts him to a point near the city 316,
- he proceeds to the city Od. 7.14,
- enters the palace of Alcinous 134,
- who receives him hospitably 167,
- he views the games and dancing Od. 8.109,
- is taunted by Euryalus-2 158,
- answers him 165,
- they are reconciled 396, 400,
- he throws the δίσκος 186,
- hears the lay of Demodocus 266, relates his adventures Od. 9.39,
- is conveyed with gifts in a Phaeacian ship to Ithaca Od. 13.70;
- Athene comes to him Od. 13.221,
- his tale to her 256,
- she transforms him into a beggar 429;
- he proceeds to the hut of Eumaeus Od. 14.1,
- who receives him hospitably 48,
- his tale to Eumaeus 192,
- his tale of the night ambush 462;
- Telemachus appears at the hut Od. 16.11;
- Athene appears and retransforms Odysseus Od. 16.155,
- Odysseus reveals himself to his son 187,
- is transformed back to a beggar 454;
- with Eumaeus follows Telemachus to the city Od. 17.200,
- they encounter Melantheus 212,
- they reach the city 260;
- his dog Argus Od. 17.291;
- he follows Eumaeus into the house Od. 17.336,
- goes begging round the suitors 365, his tale to Antinous 415, A. throws a foot-stool at him 462, he is summoned to Penelope 553, declines to go 561; his quarrel with Irus Od. 18.1;
- abused by Melantho Od. 18.321,
- Eurymachus throws another foot-stool at him 394;
- with Telemachus he removes the arms Od. 19.4;
- Melantho abuses him again Od. 19.66;
- his tale to Penelope Od. 19.165,
- Penelope tests him 215,
- he tells of her husband and prophesies his return 262;
- Eurycleia ordered to wash him Od. 19.357,
- she recognizes his scar 392, 467,
- how he got the scar 393,
- she is silenced 479;
- he interprets Penelope’s dream Od. 19.535;
- lies down to sleep in the πρόδομος 1,
- Athene appears to him 30, Zeus gives him signs 102; Ctesippus throws the foot of an ox at him Od. 20.287;
- he reveals himself to Philoetius and Eumaeus Od. 21.193;
- asks to try the bow Od. 21.275,
- Eumaeus gives it to him on the orders of Telemachus 359,
- he strings it 404;
- kills Antinous Od. 22.8,
- Eurymachus vainly begs for mercy 45,
- the fight proceeds 79,
- Athene appears 205,
- slaughter of the suitors 297;
- he summons the unfaithful maids for death Od. 21.431;
- Penelope comes to him but doubts Od. 23.85,
- her doubts resolved by his knowledge of the bed 174,
- he tells her of the trials that await him 264,
- the pair retire 289,
- he tells his adventures 310,
- he charges her with the care of the house and leaves the city 348;
- he goes to try his father Od. 24.216,
- his tale to him 303,
- reveals himself 321,
- the fight with the Ithacans 520,
- stopped by Athene 531;
- etc.
- 1ἐγὼ δὲ πλέονʼ ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν διὰ τὸν ἁδυεπῆ γενέσθʼ Ὅμηρον N. 7.21 κρυφίαισι γὰρ ἐν ψάφοις Ὀδυσσῆ Δαναοὶ θεράπευσαν sc. in preference to Aias N. 8.26 Ὀδυσεὺς δὲ πʼ[ fr. 260. 5. cf. Schr. fr. 260, (Παλαμήδη) κυριώτερον τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως εἰς σοφίας λόγον, ὡς ἔφη Πίνδαρος. Aristid., 2. 339D.
- Lat. Ulysses, Ulixes, king of Ithaca, whose adventures after the fall of Troy are told in the Odyssey: Epic Ὀδυσεύς, Aeolic gen. Ὀδυσεῦς: acc. Ὀδυσσέᾱ, but the two last syll. form one in Soph. Cf. ὀδύσσομαι.
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…ὁ δίκαιος, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἀναπέφανται, καὶ κινδυνεύεις παρʼ Ὁμήρου μεμαθηκέναι αὐτό · καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος τὸν τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως πρὸς μητρὸς πάππον Αὐτόλυκον ἀγαπᾷ τε καί φησιν αὐτὸν πάντας ἀνθρώπους κεκάσθαι κλεπτοσύνῃ θʼ ὅρκῳ τε. .…
Plato, Republic
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…ἐπὶ πόσῳ δʼ ἄν τις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, δέξαιτο ἐξετάσαι τὸν ἐπὶ Τροίαν ἀγαγόντα τὴν πολλὴν στρατιὰν ἢ Ὀδυσσέα ἢ Σίσυφον ἢ ἄλλους μυρίους ἄν τις εἴποι καὶ ἄνδρας καὶ γυναῖκας, οἷς ἐκεῖ διαλέγεσθαι καὶ συνεῖναι καὶ ἐξετάζειν…
Plato, Apology
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…αὖθι λέλειπτο, ταθεὶς ὀλοῷ ἐνὶ δεσμῷ · τὼ δʼ ἐς τεύχεα δύντε, θύρην ἐπιθέντε φαεινήν, βήτην εἰς Ὀδυσῆα δαΐφρονα, ποικιλομήτην. ἔνθα μένος πνείοντες ἐφέστασαν, οἱ μὲν ἐπʼ οὐδοῦ τέσσαρες, οἱ δʼ ἔντοσθε δόμων πολέες…
Homer, Odyssey
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…δή ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆα κακός ποθεν ἤγαγε δαίμων ἀγροῦ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιήν, ὅθι δώματα ναῖε συβώτης. ἔνθʼ ἦλθεν φίλος υἱὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο, ἐκ Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος ἰὼν σὺν νηῒ μελαίνῃ · τὼ δὲ μνηστῆρσιν θάνατον κακὸν ἀρτύναντε ἵκοντο προτὶ ἄστυ περικλυτόν…
Homer, Odyssey
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…, ὡς τἀπίλοιπα τῶν λόγων σὺ μὲν κλύῃς, ἐγὼ δὲ φράζω, κοινὰ δʼ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἴῃ. ἄναξ Ὀδυσσεῦ, τοὔργον οὐ μακρὰν λέγεις · δοκῶ γὰρ οἷον εἶπας ἄντρον εἰσορᾶν. ἄνωθεν ἢ κάτωθεν ; οὐ γὰρ ἐννοῶ…
Sophocles, Philoctetes
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…. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἀνίαζον ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς, δὴ τότε μιν προσέειπε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας · διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ ἤ μʼ ἀνάειρʼ, ἢ ἐγὼ σέ · τὰ δʼ αὖ Διὶ πάντα μελήσει. ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνάειρε · δόλου…
Homer, Iliad
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…οἱ Ἀντήνωρ περικαλλέα βήσετο δίφρον. τὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄψορροι προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονέοντο · Ἕκτωρ δὲ Πριάμοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς χῶρον μὲν πρῶτον διεμέτρεον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα κλήρους ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλον ἑλόντες, ὁππότερος δὴ πρόσθεν ἀφείη χάλκεον ἔγχος…
Homer, Iliad
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…γάρ τίς τοι ἀνιᾶται παρεόντι, οὔτʼ ἐγὼ οὔτε τις ἄλλος ἑταίρων, οἵ μοι ἔασιν. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσιν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός, κεῖνός σε χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα ἕσσει, πέμψει δʼ ὅππη σε κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει…
Homer, Odyssey
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…δὲ πολλὰ κατάνεται. οὐ γὰρ ἔπʼ ἀνήρ, οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκεν, ἀρὴν ἀπὸ οἴκου ἀμῦναι. εἰ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἔλθοι καὶ ἵκοιτʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, αἶψά κε σὺν ᾧ παιδὶ βίας ἀποτίσεται ἀνδρῶν. ὣς φάτο, Τηλέμαχος…
Homer, Odyssey
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…σφισι βάλλετʼ ἀείδειν Φήμιος · αὐτὰρ ὁ χειρὸς ἑλὼν προσέειπε συβώτην · Εὔμαιʼ, ἦ μάλα δὴ τάδε δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος, ῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐν πολλοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι. ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερʼ ἐστίν, ἐπήσκηται δέ οἱ αὐλὴ τοίχῳ…
Homer, Odyssey